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Microbiology > Streptococci > Flashcards

Streptococci Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Strip of bacteria looking like chains

Catalase ?

A

Streptococci

-

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2
Q

Differentiates strep species

A

Hemolysis

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3
Q 
Catalase -
Spherical
Ovoid
Lancet-shaped 
Seen in pairs or chains
Facultative anaerobic

Lancefield group based on serologically reactive

A

Streptococci

Carbohydrates

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4
Q

Method of grouping catalase negative, coagulase negative

Based on carbohydrates on cell wall

A

Lancefield Group

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5
Q

Acute pharyngitis

A

Group A

Strep pyogenes

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6
Q

Neonatal meningitis

Sepsis

A

Group B

Strep agalactiae

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7
Q 
Gram + cocci in chains
Beta hemolytic
Catalase -
Bacitracin-sensitive
Lancefield group A

Positive PYR Test

A

Streptococcus pyogenes (Group A)

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8
Q

Enzyme pyrrolidonyl arylamidase

A

PYR Test

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9
Q

Strep pyogenes habitat

A

Throat
Skin

Transmitted by respiratory droplet

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10
Q

Cell wall peptidoglycan

Antiphagocytic in strep pyogenes

A

M protein

Assoc with RF

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11
Q

Antigenic
Oxygen labile
Subsurface hemolysis on blood agar

A

Streptolysin O

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12
Q

Promotes fibrinolytic activity

Activates plasminogen

A

Streptokinase

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13
Q

Enhances spread of organism through CT

A

Hyaluronidase

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14
Q

Degrades DNA in exudates or necrotic tissue

A

DNAse B and NADase

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15
Q

Pyrogenixity caused by direct action on the hypothalamus

Scarlet fever

A

Pyrogenic (Erythrogenic) A, B, C

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16
Q

superantigen similar to TSST-1

A

(Pyogenic) Exotoxin A

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17
Q

Protease rapidly destroys tissue
Necrotizing fasciitis
Necrosis factor

A

Exotoxin B

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18
Q

Lipotechoic acid enzymes

A 
Streptolysin
Streptokinase
Hyaluronidase
DNAse B And NADase
Pyrogenic toxins (Erythrogenic) A, B, C
Exotoxin A and B
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19
Q

Titers to document antecedent pharyngitis

A

ASO

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20
Q

Titers to document antecedent skin infection

A

Anti-DNAse B

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21
Q

Decrease efficacy of streptokinase in managing myocardial infarction

A

Anti-streptokinase

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22
Q

Spectrum of Strep disease

A

Pyogenic
Toxigenic
Immunologic

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23
Q

Pyogenic diseases by strep

A 
Skin and soft tissue
Impetigo contaigiosa
Erysipelas
Cellulitis
Nec fasciitis
Pharyngitis
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24
Q

Toxigenic disease by Strep

A

Scarlet fever

Strep TSS

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25
Q

Immunologic disease by strep

A

Acute RF

Glomerulonephritis

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26
Q

Perioral blistered lesions with honey-colored crust

Red rash

A

Impetigo contagiosa

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27
Q

Superficial infection extending into dermal lymphatics

A

Erysipelas

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28
Q

Deeper infection involving subcutaneous dermal tissue

Facilitated by hyaluronidase (spreading factor)

A

Cellulitis

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29
Q

Rapidly progressive infection of deep subcutaneous tissues

Exotoxin B

A

Necrotizing fasciitis
Flesh eating bacteria
Fournier’s

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30
Q

Cellulitus + shellfish

A

V vulnificus

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31
Q

Most common bacterial cause of sore throat

Inflammation, exudate, fever, leukocytosis and tender CLAD

Pyogenic complications, abscess, otitis, sinusitis, meningitis

A

Pharyngitis

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32
Q

Sequelae to Acute Glomerulonephritis

A

Pharyngitis

Cutaneous lesions

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33
Q

Post pharyngitic
Due to erythrogenic toxin seen in lysogenized strains

Fever, strawberry tongue, centrifugal rash (sandpaper-like), Pastia’s lines, desquamation)

A

Scarlet fever

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34
Q 
Susceptibility test for Strep pyogenes 
Inject 0.1 cc of erythrogenic toxin 
\+ reddening of skin
>/= 10 mm within 24 h 
Pastia lines
A

Streptococcus pyogenes

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35
Q

Strep pyogenes can cause

Fiery red rash

A

Erysipelas

36
Q

Clinically similar but milder than S aureus TSS

Due to pyogenic Exotoxin A

Recognizeable site of pyogenic inflammation

Blood culture are often positive

A

Streptococcal Toxic Shock-like Syndrome

37
Q

Post pharyngitic

Only certain M protein types may be rheumatogenic

Pathogenesis not fully understood

Widely accepted theory: production of antibodies directed against a streptococcal cell wall M protein that cross reacts with myocardial tissue

Mitral valve

RHD Mitral stenosis

<1cm Fish mouth orifice

A

Streptococcus pyogenes

38
Q

Post-pharyngitis or post-impetigo

Deposition of circulating streptococcal antistreptococcal immune complexes in the glomeruli

Subsequent activation of complement

HTN, peroorbital edema, hematuria

Lumpy bumpy appearance of glomerulus on light microscopy

A

Post streptococcal GN

39
Q

Strep pyogenes Tx

A

Penicillin G

40
Q 
Gram + cocci in chains
Beta hemolytic
Catalase negative
Bacitracin resistant
Hydrolyze hippurate
CAMP-test-positive

Lancefield Group B

A

Streptococcus agalactiae (Group B)

41
Q

Urinary tract infection in pregnant women

Most common cause of neonatal pneumonia, sepsis and meningitis

Habitat: vagina

Transmission: transvaginal, transplacental

Predisposing factor:
Intrapartum fever T >38
PROM >18h
Vaginal colonization
Complement deficiency

Most common cause of endometritis

Polymicrobial; foul smelling lochia

A

Streptococcus agalactiae Group B

42
Q

Most common cause of neonatal pneumoniae, neonatal sepsis and meningitis

A

Group B agalactiae strep

43
Q

Strep agalactiae Group B Tx

A

Pen G + Aminoglycoside

44
Q 
Gram +
Lancet shaped cocci in pairs
Diplococci or short chains
Alpha hemolytic
Catalase-negative
Bile soluble
Optochin sensitive
Prominent polysaccharide capsule
\+ Quelling Reaction
A

Streptococcus pneumoniae

45
Q

Neufield reaction

A

Streptococcus pneumoniae
Swelling
Quelling reaction

46
Q

Microscopic appearance of the pneumococcal capsuke sfter their polysaccharide antigen

A

Strep pneumoniae

47
Q

Habitat is upper respiratory tract
Transmission via respiratory droplet

Most cases: aspiration of oral secretions containing normal flora that includes S pneumoniae

A

Streptococcus pneumonaie

48
Q

Strep pneumoniae virulence factor

A

Polysaccharide capsule (major virulence)
IgA protease
C-substance

49
Q

MCC of CAO

MCC of Otitis Media Luga

A

Strep pneumoniae

50
Q

Retards phagocytosis

A

Polysaccharide capsule

51
Q

For colonization

A

IgA protease

52
Q

Reacts with CRP

A

C-substance

53
Q

Most common cause of CAP
Sudden chills, fever, productive cough (rust colored sputum) and pleuritic chest pain

Lobar pattern

A

Strep pneumoniae

54
Q

Most common cause of otitis media, sinusitis, bacterial meningitis

Skull fracture with spinal fluid leakage from nose predisposes to meningitis

Septic shock
splenectomy, predisposes to sepsis

A

Strep pneumoniae

55
Q

Strep pneumoniae causes this in sicke cell anemia

A

Overwhelming postsplenectomy infection

56
Q

COPD exacerbation

A

H influenzae

57
Q

Associated with post-tussive vomiting

A

Bordetella pertussis

58
Q

Young, otherwise healthy patients

A

Mycoplasm

Atypical

59
Q

Epidemic infection, associated with air-conditioning system

Cooling towers

A

Legionella

60
Q

Alcoholics

A

Klebsiella

61
Q

Following viral syndromes particularly influenza

A

S aureus

62
Q

Exposure to birds

A

Chlamydia psittaci

Psitaccosis

63
Q

Bad or bird droppings, spelunking

A

Histoplasma

64
Q

Exposure to rabbits, hunters

A

Francisella

65
Q

Most common cause of pneumonia beyond the neonatal period

A

Strep pneumonia

66
Q

Most common cause of lobar pneumonaie with rusty sputum

A

Strep pneumoniae

67
Q

Pneumonia with rust colored sputum in alcoholic

A

Klebsiella pneumoniae

68
Q

Strep pneumoniae Tx

A

Pen G
Levofloxacin or Vancomycin combined with Ceftriaxone for penicillin resistance

Atypical macrolide - Azithromycin

69
Q 
Gram + in chains
Alpha-hemolytic
Catalase - 
Bile insoluble
Optochin-resistant
Do not grow in 6.5% NaCl

Strep mutans, strep sanguinis, strep mitis, strep salivarius, strep anginosus

Identification of individual species of viridans

A

Strep viridans

70
Q

Streptococci requires

A

Conventional testing
Molecular methods
MALDI-TOF

71
Q

Matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization

A

Strep viridans

72
Q

Most common viridans streptococci responsible for liver, spleen and brain abscess

More susceptible to antibiotics than other strains of viridans

A

Streptococci milleri

73
Q

Caramel odor

A

Strep viridans

74
Q

Dental carries

A

Strep mutans

75
Q

For subacute bacterial endocarditis SBE

Most common cause of subacute and native valve endocarditis

A

S sanguis

76
Q

Brain abscess

A

S intermedius

77
Q

Strep viridans Tx

A

Pen G +/- Gentamycin

Vancomycin penicillin-resistance

Linezolid for vancomycin resistant

78
Q

Bile esculin agar +
PYR Test -
Growth in 6.5 NaCl -

A

Streptococcus bovis

79
Q

Bile esculin agar +
PYR test +
Growth in 6.5% NaCl

A

Enterococci

80
Q 
Associated with malignancies of GI tract
Marantic endocarditis (non-bacterial thrombotic endocarditis or marantic)

Complex of 7 strains and or subspecies
Four branches

A

Strep bovis

81
Q

Blood CX negative endocarditis

A

Trophoryma pallidum

82
Q 
Gram +
Catalase negative
Gamma hemolytic (non-hemolytic)
Lancefield Group D
Bile and optochin-resistant
Hydrolyzes esculin in Bile Esculin Agar 
PYR Negative
A

Enterococcus faecalis

83
Q

Human colon
Urethra and female genital tract and can be colonized
May enter bloodstream during GI

A

Enterococcus faecalis

84
Q

UTI due to indwelling urinary catheters and urinary tract instrumentation

Biliary tract infections

Endocarditis in patients who underwent GI tract

A

Enterococcus faecalis

85
Q

Enterococcus faecalis Group D Tx

A

Penicillin + Gentamycin
Vancomycin for penicillin-resistance
Linezolid for vancomycin-resistance strains

Microbiology (16 decks)

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