viral properties and disease Flashcards

viral infection outcomes: list different outcomes of infection by viruses, acute infection, persistent infection, latent reactivating infection, slow infection, oncogenesis. Name examples of viruses that cause each type of infection

1
Q

5 outcomes of viral infection

A

acute infection (followed by viral clearance; can cause “accidental” tissue infection with permanent damage), persistent infection (latent, slow, transforming), long incubations, oncogenesis

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2
Q

examples of viruses causing acute infection and clearance

A

colds, influenza, rhinovirus, rotavirus

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3
Q

examples of viruses causing acute infection and death

A

smallpox, dengue

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4
Q

examples of viruses causing acute infection and accidental pathogenesis

A

polio (paralysis), rubella (deafness, cataracts, congenital heart disease)

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5
Q

feature of chronic persistent viral infection

A

low level replication in regenrative tissue

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6
Q

example of chronic persistent viral infection

A

warts

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7
Q

feature of latent persistent viral infection

A

viral genomes maintained (e.g. neurones don’t divide so when nerve infected won’t be recognised by immune system) but no virus seen until immunocompromised

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8
Q

example of latent persistent viral infection

A

Herpes

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9
Q

what is the strategy of viral persistence

A

viruses contain many accessory genes allowing it to evade immune system, especially in skin and nervous system where immune activity is low

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10
Q

what is oncogenesis

A

viruses that cause cancer by encoding oncogenes

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11
Q

how does oncogenesis interfere with cell cycle

A

promote synthesis of virus and inhibit tumour suppressor genes

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12
Q

examples of oncogenesis viral infection

A

hep B and C, Epstein-Barr, HTLV-1 which causes leukaemia

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13
Q

define retrograde transport

A

virus transported from primary site of infection away from skin to CNS

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14
Q

define anterograde transport

A

virus transported to skin from neurones

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15
Q

outcomes of virus infection

A

balance of host response and viral virulence: sequence, load, co-morbidities, co-infections, other medications, host genetics, host age, host gender

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16
Q

viral sequence as outcome of infection

A

vary in virulence due to mutation

17
Q

virus load as outcome of infection

A

dose of virus received

18
Q

host immune response as outcome of infection

A

resistance

19
Q

host co-morbidity as outcome of infection

A

other diseases present, pregnant, age, obesity

20
Q

co-infections as outcome of infection

A

susceptible to other infections

21
Q

other medications as outcome of infection

A

may affect immunity and susceptibility

22
Q

host genetics, age and gender as outcome of infection

A

presence of particular mutated genes or different alleles may provide protection or increase susceptibility