hospital acquired infection and antibiotic resistance Flashcards
antimicrobial mechanisms: summarise the mechanisms of action of important antimicrobials, and recognise that antimicrobial therapy provides a selection pressure for the spread of antimicrobial resistance
7 types of antibiotics
beta-lactams, aminoglycosides, chloramphenicol, tetracycline, quinolones, sulphonamides, macroslides
what do beta-lactams do
intefered with cell wall synthesis
what do aminoglycosides do
RNA proof-reading - incorporate into membrane - leakage
what do chloramphenicol do
inhibits peptidyl transfer in protein synthesis
what do tetracycline do
prevents charged amino acyl tRNAs binding to mRNA/ribosome complex
what do quinolones do
inhibit function of DNA gyrase and topoisomerase in DNA replication
what do sulphonamides do
inhibit folate pathway
what do macroslides do
Gram +ve inhibit peptidyl transfer
what do antimicrobial therapy cause with regard to resistance
provide a selection pressure, spreading antimicrobial resistance
how does resistance occur naturally
natural selection (occurs due to mutations or acquired DNA)
what produces antimicrobial agents
microorganism that kills or inhibits others, soil-dwelling fungi
what do antibiotics encompass
natural, semi-synthetic, synthetic
what are the 4 types of antibiotics
antimicrobial, bactericidal, bacteriostatic, antiseptic
