fungal infection

Question 1

difficulty in diagnosis fungal infections

Answer 1

systemic infections can explain multiple symptoms

Question 2

7 locations of sample acquisition

Answer 2

skin, sputum, bronchoalveolar lavage, blood, vagina swab/smear, spinal fluid, tissue biopsy

Question 3

3 techniques of fungal diagnosis

Answer 3

microscopy, culture, non-culture

Question 4

2 advantages of microscopy

Answer 4

rapid, cheap

Question 5

2 disadvantages of culture

Answer 5

slow, prone to contamination

Question 6

3 examples of non-culture based methods

Answer 6

PCR, antibody and antigen based assays, lateral flow assay

Question 7

major classes of antifungal drugs

Answer 7

membrane function, nucleic acid synthesis, cell wall synthesis, membrane ergosterol synthesis

Question 8

example of antifungal drug targeting membrane function

Answer 8

polyenes

Question 9

example of antifungal drug targeting nucleic acid synthesis

Answer 9

5-flucytosine

Question 10

example of antifungal drug targeting cell wall synthesis

Answer 10

echinocandins

Question 11

examples of antifungal drug targeting membrane ergosterol biosynthesis

Answer 11

azoles, terbinafine, fenpropimorph

Question 12

how do fungi evolve resistance using azoles as example

Answer 12

exposure e.g. azoles used in farming fungicides also