bacterial properties and disease

Question 1

3 ways of horizontal bacteria gene transfer

Answer 1

transformation, conjugation, transduction

Question 2

describe transformation

Answer 2

DNA uptake - proteins import naked DNA, integrate ssDNA by homologous recombination if useful

Question 3

describe conjugation

Answer 3

transfer of self-transmissable plasmid within cells, make a bridge between donor and recipient

Question 4

descibe transduction

Answer 4

bacteriophage infect bacteria - DNA replicated in bacteria, some packaged in phage heads and released to be incorporated into other bacterial chromosomes

Question 5

describe vertical gene transfer

Answer 5

faithful replication by binary fission

Question 6

define pathogenicity island

Answer 6

regions of DNA that make the bacteria pathogenic (encode non-core host genes that contribute to virulence, insertion, direct repeats)

Question 7

what contributes to bacteria evolution

Answer 7

contain accessory genes (gene repertoire): large source of genetic variation, rapid generation time, selective pressure