viral infections of the skin

Question 1

viruses replicate only within the cells of living hosts

Answer 1

yep

Question 2

what does it mean to be selfish genetic elements?

Answer 2

enhance their own transmission relative to the rest of an individuals genome but are neutral or harmful to the individual as a whole

Question 3

viruses lack basic elements necessary for _____ and _______

Answer 3

growth and replication; no enzymes to produce nucleotides, amino acids, lipids and carbohydrates

Question 4

not all viruses need cellular translation machinery

Answer 4

noppppe, fallllse all viruses need cellular translation machinery there are no exceptions

Question 5

protects nucleic acid from environment, bears viral attachment and penetration proteins in non- enveloped viruses. and it is sensitive to bleach

Answer 5

capsid

Question 6

protection, bears viral attachment and penetration proteins in enveloped viruses, sensitive to detergent and bleach

Answer 6

envelope

Question 7

eclipse

Answer 7

no virus is detected in the media

Question 8

produced by a single cycle of viral replication

Answer 8

Burst- this is where the new viral particles are assembled and released after the initial virus is disassembled and viral components are made

Question 9

in the viral replication cycle the early proteins include

Answer 9

enzymes needed to replicate genome

Question 10

in the viral replication cycle the late proteins are

Answer 10

structural proteins for virion assembly

Question 11

what do viruses need to initiate infection?

Answer 11

1. sufficient amounts of virions- one ois not enough
2. cells at the entry site must be accessible, susceptible and permissive
3. local antiviral defenses must be absent or inefficient

Question 12

rotavirus enters how?

Answer 12

entry in the intestinal epithelium and it is local disease leading to diarrhea

Question 13

poliovirus enter how?

Answer 13

entry in the intestinal epithelium, then spread to blood, then to CNS leading to paralysis

Question 14

rhinovirus enters how?

Answer 14

respiratory entry resulting in local disease like the common cold

Question 15

varicella enters how?

Answer 15

respiratory entry, then spread to lymphoid system, the blood (viremia), then dissemination to skin (rash), and finally to other organs like PNS

Question 16

acute infections

Answer 16

rapid and self-limiting infections with a short incubation period

Question 17

persistent infections

Answer 17

long term infections with a long incubation period

Question 18

antibiotics are useless against viruses?

Answer 18

yep, viruses are metabolically inert while bacterias are live organisms with metabolism

Question 19

live attenuated viruses

Answer 19

reduced virulence

Question 20

inactivated viruses

Answer 20

retain immunogenicity but are no longer infectious

Question 21

component/subunit vaccines

Answer 21

contains one or more viral proteins but no viral genome

Question 22

what type of vaccines are used for measels and varicella?

Answer 22

live attenuated viruses

Question 23

what type of vaccines are used for iv flu vaccines and rabies

Answer 23

inactivated viruses

Question 24

what type of vaccines are used for hep B and HPV?

Answer 24

component/subunit vaccines

Question 25

measles- rubeola “4 C”

Answer 25

1. cough
2. runny nose- coryza
3. red and watery eyes- conjuctivitis
4. kopliks spots in the oral cavity

Question 26

measles:

1. entry
2. spread
3. damage
4. complications: mild and severe

Answer 26

1. respiratory droplets
2. respiratory tract to blood and other organs
3. leads to cytotoxicity
4. complications mild (a) pneumonia severe (a) encephalitis/sub-acute sclerosing pan-encephalitis

Question 27

measles is extremely infectious being transmitted by respiratory route

Answer 27

yes, highly contagious it can survive in the air for 2hr and a person is contagious from 4 days before the rash to 4 days after

Question 28

Rubella

Answer 28

the german measles at is a mild illness that entry is through respiratory droplets and it is known for its blueberry rash

Question 29

TORCH

Answer 29

a group of infections that cause significant morbidity and mortality in neonates

Question 30

classical triad of rubella

Answer 30

1. cataracts and deafness
2. cardiac abnormalities
3. blueberry muffin rash

Question 31

MUMPs

Answer 31

not a skin disease, it is a painful selling of the salivary glands

Question 32

erythema infectuosum

Answer 32

slapped cheeks and highly contagious prior to rash but once rash appears it is not contagious