travel related and other diseases

Question 1

dengue is a _________transmitted by Aedes aegypti–urban day-biting mosquitoes

Answer 1

RNA flavivirus

Question 2

dengue presentation

Answer 2

incubation is fast

Question 3

break bone fever

Answer 3

dengue

Question 4

dengue with warning sings

Answer 4

getting dengue once is not protective instead there is increased inflammation with second infection

Question 5

diagnosing dengue

Answer 5

dengue IgM positive after 4th day and IgG after 7 days

Question 6

dengue treatment

Answer 6

treatment is only supportive

Question 7

dengue mainly affects the bone but chikungunya affects the

Answer 7

joints

Question 8

chikungunya difference to dengue

Answer 8

chikunguya will improve with NSAIDs use

Question 9

zika is transmitted by both mosquitos and sexually

Answer 9

yep

Question 10

highest risk in pregnancy for zika for baby is

Answer 10

1st trimester

Question 11

vaccine for zika?

Answer 11

underway

Question 12

reservoir of yellow fever

Answer 12

monkeys

Question 13

yellow fever bad?

Answer 13

yep, fatal in most cases but there are vaccines now

Question 14

severe vaccine side effect

Answer 14

life threatening and risk goes up as you get older

Question 15

Yellow fever is a viral infection also transmitted by day-biting mosquitoes and can result in severe life-threatening ______________ fortunately a highly effective vaccine is available to prevent infection.

Answer 15

hemorrhagic fever;

Question 16

polio affects ____and _____ neurons, typically in gray matter of the anterior horn of the spinal cord and motor nuclei of the pons and medulla

Answer 16

polio affects motor and autonomic neurons, typically in gray matter of the anterior horn of the spinal cord and motor nuclei of the pons and medulla

Question 17

the majority of polio pt are asymptomatic

Answer 17

yep

Question 18

Polio

1. spinal
2. bulbar

Answer 18

1. spinal- permanent

2. bulbar - most recover

Question 19

Postpolio syndrome

Answer 19

20-30% of previously paralyzed patients will develop new onset of weakness, pain, atrophy

Question 20

oral polio difference with inactivated polio

Answer 20

oral polio has an effect over the gut

Question 21

More commonly occurs in summer and fall
90% of infections are asymptomatic or present as an undifferentiated febrile illness
In those with symptoms, presentations vary with age
Several presentations are non-specific and can be seen with other enteroviruses (esp. echo virus)

Answer 21

coxsackie virus

Question 22

syndrome associated with coxsackie

Answer 22

hand, foot mouth syndrome

Question 23

Vesicular exanthem of tonsillar fauces and soft palate assoicated with coxsackie virus

Answer 23

herpangina

Question 24

coxsackie can be Asymptomatic to fulminant heart failure and death

Answer 24

myopericarditis SE

Question 25

Pleurodynia: “devil’s grippe,” “Bornholm’s disease”

Answer 25

coxsackie

Question 26

Non-enveloped RNA Reovirus, ds RNA, with a viral capsid
Most important cause of gastroenteritis in infants and young children in both developing and developed countries
Almost all children infected by age 3
Pathogenesis: loss of brush border enzymes, the direct effect of the rotavirus enterotoxin NSP4, and activation of the enteric nervous system by infection

Answer 26

rotavirus

Question 27

treatment and vaccines in rotavirus

Answer 27

treatment is supportive- maintain hydration and there are 2 vaccines available

Question 28

RNA non-enveloped calcivirus, with a viral capsid
Caliciviruses cause ~21 million illnesses in the US each year; most important cause of gastroenteritis in adults and older children
Transmitted easily person-to-person (fecal-oral), spread via airborne droplets, food, water, contaminated environmental surfaces, and fomites
Infectious dose is low—18 virions
Associated with transient malabsorption of D-xylose and fat with decreased activity of brush-border enzymes

Answer 28

norovirus

Question 29

treatment for norovirus

Answer 29

treatment is supportive

Question 30

_________ is an enteric virus that causes gastroenteritis in older children and adults; it is highly transmissible and is responsible for outbreaks in health care settings, day care, cruise ships, etc

Answer 30

Norovirus

Question 31

________ is an enteric virus responsible for gastroenteritis, and almost exclusively affects children; it is vaccine preventable

Answer 31

Rotavirus

Question 32

________is an enterovirus that can lead to long term neurologic sequelae in those who are infected; it is vaccine preventable and is close to being eradicated worldwide. Both a live, oral vaccine and a killed, injectable vaccine exist and offer different advantages and disadvantages

Answer 32

Polio

Question 33

________ is another enterovirus that can lead to a range of clinical presentations with the most classic being Hand-Foot-and-Mouth syndrome

Answer 33

Coxsackie