travel related and other diseases Flashcards
dengue is a _________transmitted by Aedes aegypti–urban day-biting mosquitoes
RNA flavivirus
dengue presentation
incubation is fast
break bone fever
dengue
dengue with warning sings
getting dengue once is not protective instead there is increased inflammation with second infection
diagnosing dengue
dengue IgM positive after 4th day and IgG after 7 days
dengue treatment
treatment is only supportive
dengue mainly affects the bone but chikungunya affects the
joints
chikungunya difference to dengue
chikunguya will improve with NSAIDs use
zika is transmitted by both mosquitos and sexually
yep
highest risk in pregnancy for zika for baby is
1st trimester
vaccine for zika?
underway
reservoir of yellow fever
monkeys
yellow fever bad?
yep, fatal in most cases but there are vaccines now
severe vaccine side effect
life threatening and risk goes up as you get older
Yellow fever is a viral infection also transmitted by day-biting mosquitoes and can result in severe life-threatening ______________ fortunately a highly effective vaccine is available to prevent infection.
hemorrhagic fever;
polio affects ____and _____ neurons, typically in gray matter of the anterior horn of the spinal cord and motor nuclei of the pons and medulla
polio affects motor and autonomic neurons, typically in gray matter of the anterior horn of the spinal cord and motor nuclei of the pons and medulla
the majority of polio pt are asymptomatic
yep
Polio
- spinal
- bulbar
- spinal- permanent
2. bulbar - most recover
Postpolio syndrome
20-30% of previously paralyzed patients will develop new onset of weakness, pain, atrophy
oral polio difference with inactivated polio
oral polio has an effect over the gut
More commonly occurs in summer and fall
90% of infections are asymptomatic or present as an undifferentiated febrile illness
In those with symptoms, presentations vary with age
Several presentations are non-specific and can be seen with other enteroviruses (esp. echo virus)
coxsackie virus
syndrome associated with coxsackie
hand, foot mouth syndrome
Vesicular exanthem of tonsillar fauces and soft palate assoicated with coxsackie virus
herpangina
coxsackie can be Asymptomatic to fulminant heart failure and death
myopericarditis SE
Pleurodynia: “devil’s grippe,” “Bornholm’s disease”
coxsackie
Non-enveloped RNA Reovirus, ds RNA, with a viral capsid
Most important cause of gastroenteritis in infants and young children in both developing and developed countries
Almost all children infected by age 3
Pathogenesis: loss of brush border enzymes, the direct effect of the rotavirus enterotoxin NSP4, and activation of the enteric nervous system by infection
rotavirus
treatment and vaccines in rotavirus
treatment is supportive- maintain hydration and there are 2 vaccines available
RNA non-enveloped calcivirus, with a viral capsid
Caliciviruses cause ~21 million illnesses in the US each year; most important cause of gastroenteritis in adults and older children
Transmitted easily person-to-person (fecal-oral), spread via airborne droplets, food, water, contaminated environmental surfaces, and fomites
Infectious dose is low—18 virions
Associated with transient malabsorption of D-xylose and fat with decreased activity of brush-border enzymes
norovirus
treatment for norovirus
treatment is supportive
_________ is an enteric virus that causes gastroenteritis in older children and adults; it is highly transmissible and is responsible for outbreaks in health care settings, day care, cruise ships, etc
Norovirus
________ is an enteric virus responsible for gastroenteritis, and almost exclusively affects children; it is vaccine preventable
Rotavirus
________is an enterovirus that can lead to long term neurologic sequelae in those who are infected; it is vaccine preventable and is close to being eradicated worldwide. Both a live, oral vaccine and a killed, injectable vaccine exist and offer different advantages and disadvantages
Polio
________ is another enterovirus that can lead to a range of clinical presentations with the most classic being Hand-Foot-and-Mouth syndrome
Coxsackie
