fastidious bacteria

Question 1

picky eaters

Answer 1

fastidious bacteria

Question 2

what causes whooping cough

Answer 2

bordetella pertussis

Question 3

leading cause of vaccine preventable illness in the US

Answer 3

bordetella pertussis

Question 4

bordetella pertussis is a obligate aerobe or anaerobe

Answer 4

aerobe human pathogen that is highly contagious

Question 5

bordetella pertussis grows in what media?

Answer 5

charcoal-cephalexin blood agar

Question 6

with B. pertussis what do we need to do after a culture has been collected and isolated?

Answer 6

treat before culture grows up due to highly contagious and you want to limit the spread of the disease

Question 7

treatment of B. pertussis

Answer 7

azitrhomycin (microlide)

Question 8

3 phases of infection for B.pertussis

Answer 8

1. catarrhal
2. paroxysmal
3. convalescent

Question 9

People withpertussisare most infectious during the ________ periodand during the first two weeks after onset of the cough

Answer 9

catarrhal

Question 10

diagnostic test for pertussis

Answer 10

PCR and culture (regan-lowe)

Question 11

B. pertussis establishing infection: (2)

Answer 11

1. attachment- ciliary cell in lungs

2. secretion of toxins- inhibits functions of cilia and intereferes with immune response

Question 12

B. pertussis toxin

Answer 12

A-B toxin: Lymphocytosis-promoting factor: inhibits lymphocytes from entering tissues

Question 13

B. pertussis secretes another toxin called adenylate cyclase toxin (ACT) which

Answer 13

produces cAMP

Disables innate immune cells; prevents leukocytosis

Question 14

TCT toxin from pertussis

Answer 14

cell wall fragment kills ciliated cells

Question 15

attachment of B. pertussis (3)

Answer 15

1. FHA
2. Fimbriae
3. Pertactin

Question 16

DTwP (DTP)

Answer 16

whole killed B. pertussis- long lasting immunity side effects associated

Question 17

DTaP

Answer 17

acellular B. pertussis- immunity wanes after 5 years

** vaccinated individuals are asymptomatic carriers

Question 18

TdaP

Answer 18

acellular B. pertussis low levels of diptheria and tetanus toxoid

Question 19

patient population most affected

Answer 19

infants most at risk and then adolescents since immunity wanes

Question 20

prevention of B. pertussis

Answer 20

prophylactic azithromycin for contacts

Question 21

vaccines for meningitis targets ______ and thus antigenic variation is an issue

Answer 21

capsules

Question 22

meningitis is transmitted by

Answer 22

respiratory droplets

Question 23

N. meningitidis and H.influenzae are nl. constituents of upper resp, tract

Answer 23

yep, it is only when it get in the blood=sepsis and/or meninges=meningitis

Question 24

N. meningitidis and H.influenzae grow in what agar?

Answer 24

chocolate agar (thayer-martin)

Question 25

Penicillin can cross blood-brain barrier when compromised during meningitis

Answer 25

yep

Question 26

only gram negative diplococci

Answer 26

N. meningitidis that is part of the normal flora that colonizes mucosal membrane

Question 27

what type of rash do we see in meningococcal disease?

Answer 27

purple rash- petechial rash

Question 28

with meningococcemia, entry into blood causes a

Answer 28

massive inflammatory response due to LOS (lipooligosaccharide) which is highly pro0inflammatory

Question 29

adrenal hemorrhage caused by attempt to maintain blood pressure; septic shock

Answer 29

Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome

Question 30

N. meningitidis has IgA Protease and a Polysaccharide Capsule –

Answer 30

inactivates secretory IgA, inhibits immune responses (like N. gonorrhoeae) and anti-phagocytic

Question 31

recombinant vaccine (N. meningitidis )

Answer 31

against 4 proteins made by serotype B

Question 32

Hard to develop high affinity antibodies against capsular antigens that are induced by memory responses

Answer 32

so true, so so true

Question 33

treatment for N. meningitidis

Answer 33

1. Ceftriaxone (IV – cephalosporin with excellent CSF penetration); penicillin also works. Prompt treatment if disseminated. 2. Rifampin prohylaxis – close contacts.

Question 34

H. influenzae has ____ serotypes but type ___ is the most common ***part of normal flora of nasopharynx

Answer 34

6 serotypes but type B is the most common

Question 35

capsular vaccine

Answer 35

does not work in small children and low memory response for both H. influenzae and N. meningitidis

Question 36

HiB

Answer 36

conjugate vaccine for H. influenzae

Question 37

H. influenzae clinical features

Answer 37

1. epiglottitis 2. pneumonia 3. otitis media- use penicillin to tx.

Question 38

H. pyloric is a ____ rod which allows them to dive into the mucosa and it is also a microaerophilic ( microorganism that requires oxygen to survive, but requires environments containing lower levels of oxygen than that are present in the atmosphere)

Answer 38

flagellated

Question 39

H. pyloric makes what

Answer 39

urease which raises pH and allows the H. pylori to penetrate into stomach epithelium

Question 40

H. pyloric secretion of virulence factors: 1. ______: vacuolating toxin –disrupts epithelial cells…PMNs…ulcers 2. ______: assoc. with stomach cancer – disrupts cell signaling 3. Proteases: HtrA disrupts cell-cell junctions _____________ - generates NH3 and causes cell death (ass. with cancer)

Answer 40

1. VacA: vacuolating toxin –disrupts epithelial cells…PMNs…ulcers 2. CagA: assoc. with stomach cancer – disrupts cell signaling 3. Proteases: HtrA disrupts cell-cell junctions Glutamyl-transpeptidase - generates NH3 and causes cell death (ass. with cancer)

Question 41

H. pylori increases risk for cancer... why?

Answer 41

chornic inflammation increases risk

Question 42

treatment for H. pylori

Answer 42

triple threat threapy tx.: 1. PPP- decrease acidity 2. amoxicillin 3. clarithromycin (macrolide)

Question 43

Individuals infected with H. pylori have a 10 to 20% lifetime risk of __________ and a 1 to 2% risk of acquiring stomach cancer

Answer 43

Individuals infected with H. pylori have a 10 to 20% lifetime risk of developing peptic ulcers and a 1 to 2% risk of acquiring stomach cancer