bacteremia Endocarditis

Question 1

primary bacteremia

Answer 1

direct invasion of the blood stream

Question 2

secondary bacteremia

Answer 2

infection at another site complicated by microorganisms subsequently invading blood stream such a pyelonephritis, pneumonia or skin/soft tissue infections

Question 3

translocation bacteremia

Answer 3

GI is compromised- intestinal pathogens moves to blood

Question 4

bacteremia symptoms related to primary site:

1. skin
2. pneumonia
3. pyelonephritis

Answer 4

1. skin- cellulitis
2. pneumonia- pleuritic CP or cough
3. pyelonephritis back pain

Question 5

Invasive, pathogenic organisms —> toxic course

Answer 5

Acute IE:

such as staph. aerus

Question 6

more indolent course caused by less pathogenic bacteria

Answer 6

Subacute IE:

such as from strep viridians

Question 7

Transient bacteremia is a common event – yet endocarditis remains a relatively uncommon disease. Transient bacteremia occurs when _____________________. Transient bacteremia could occur as a result of brushing teeth, defecation. Or could occur after a medical procedure such as dental cleaning, tooth extraction, genitourinary procedure, gastrointestinal procedure. Or could occur as a result of intravenous drug use.

Answer 7

Transient bacteremia is a common event – yet endocarditis remains a relatively uncommon disease. Transient bacteremia occurs when heavily colonized mucosal surfaces are traumatized. Transient bacteremia could occur as a result of brushing teeth, defecation. Or could occur after a medical procedure such as dental cleaning, tooth extraction, genitourinary procedure, gastrointestinal procedure. Or could occur as a result of intravenous drug use.

Question 8

can transient bacteremia lead to endocarditis?

Answer 8

yep, it can enter the blood stream and adhere to valves

Question 9

a consequence of vegetation is that there are deposits in other organs such as kidneys or spleen… why?

Answer 9

immune complex formation

Question 10

2 most common indications of possible endocarditis

Answer 10

1. fever

2. heart murmur

Question 11

2 most common complications of endocarditis

Answer 11

1. heart failure

2. valve ring abscesses

Question 12

2 ways to diagnose for infective endocarditis

Answer 12

1. blood culture

2. TEE>TTE

Question 13

endocarditis are more common in what type of organisms?

Answer 13

gram positive

Question 14

gram negative bacteria that can lead to endocarditis (2)

Answer 14

1. HACEK groups

2. Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Question 15

treatment for endocarditis (2)

Answer 15

1. bactericidal antibiotic therapy

2. surgery