tick borne diseases Flashcards
lyme disease is caused by
borreliella transmitted by ixodes ticks
what type of bug is borreliella. burgo and miyamoto
spirochetes
how do ticks adapt to host?
changes in gene expression
identifying ticks
polyclonal ab
lyme disease course (3)
- early and localized- days to 2 weeks “regional erythema”
- early, disseminated- days to months “AV block”
- late- months to years “arthritis”
immune evasion by Borreliella. burgo
antigenic variation
preferred way to diagnosis of Lyme
serology however, do not use if there is a clinical diagnosis of lyme disease
lyme disease serology
Both IgM and IgG may remain positive for years after treatment of infection
lyme disease serology process/test
2 step:
- elisa
- western blot
treatment for lyme disease (4)
- tetracyclines
- penicillin
- cephalosporins- cefuroxime and ceftriaxone
- macrolides
SE of antibotic use for lyme disease
Jarish herxheimer
prevention of lyme disease
- tick avoidance
2. antibiotic prophylaxis
BORRELIA MIYAMOTOI
relapsing fever causing meningitis in immuno-compromised patients
BORRELIA MIYAMOTOI
testing
cross react with borrelia. burgo
BORRELIA MIYAMOTOI
treatment
same as Borrelia burgo
two very related intracellular infections of white cells
ehrlichiosis and anaplasmosis
lone star tick
Human monocytic ehrlichiosis
- Present in the South central and South eastern U.S.
Infects monocytes
HME= Human monocytic ehrlichiosis
Present in Northeastern and upper midwestern U.S.
Infects neutrophils
can be co-transmitted with B. burgdorferi and B. microti
HGA= human granulocytic anaplasmosis
best way to diagnose EHRLICHIOSIS/ANAPLASMOSIS
PCR of blood
treatment of EHRLICHIOSIS/ANAPLASMOSIS
doxycycline
______ are small intra-erythrocytic parasites
Occurs primarily in U.S. and Europe
Transmitted by Ixodes ticks, blood transfusion
Major species causing disease are B. microti and B. divergens
Babesia
best way to diagnose babesiosis
visualization of parasites on blood smear
treatments for babesiosis
typically not necessary
- azithromycin
- clindamycin
- exchange transfusion
Can be spread by either lice (epidemic) or ticks (endemic)
Tick borne RF occurs sporadically throughout North and South America, Asia and Africa
Louse borne disease occurs in areas of poor sanitation
Epidemic-Borrelia recurrentis
Endemic- Borrelia hermsii, B. parkerii, B. turicatae
relapsing fever
clinical syndrome for relapsing fever
cyclical fevers with relapses.
why in relapsing fever are relapsing?
throught to be due to escape of the bacteria from immune containment by antigenic variation
best diagnosis for relapsing fever
direct visualization from blood
treatment for relapsing fever
- Tetracyclines (e.g. doxycyline)
- Penicillin (or Amoxicillin)
- Cephalosporins (e.g. Ceftriaxone)
- Macrolides
Caused by Rickettsia rickettsii
Other Rickettsia causing human disease include: R. akari (rickettsialpox), R. prowazeki (typhus), Orientia tsutsugamushi (scrub typhus)
Closely related to Ehrlichia and Anaplasma
rocky mountain spotted fever
rocky mountain spotted fever affect that ares of the body
palm and soles
classic triad for rocky mountain spotted fever
- fever
- headache
- rash
best diagnosis for rocky mountain spotted fever
serology but only use it if you have a high suspicion
treatment of rocky mountain spotted fever
- doxycyline
2. chloramphenicol
