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micro/id > HSV > Flashcards

HSV Flashcards

1
Q

Almost everyone has been infected with at least one herpesvirus

A

yep, extremely ubiquitous

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2
Q

HSV are like diamonds

A

yep, they last forever

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3
Q

9 human herpesviruses are highly prevalent and there are 3 types

A
  1. alpha
  2. beta
  3. gamma
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4
Q

HSV transmission

A

requires close contact- oral route and urogenital route

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5
Q

____ is typically spread by oral route, in saliva, and is typically acquired at a very young age. It can also, but less frequently, be spread through sexual contact and is then acquired in early adulthood. ____ is found in 95% of oral sores and 40% of genital sores

A

HSV-1

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6
Q

___ is typically spread through sexual contact. It can also be spread by oral route, in saliva. ____ is acquired in early adulthood. ____ is found in 5% of oral sores and 60% of genital sores

A

HSV-2

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7
Q

HSV replicates in ____ cells

A

epithelial

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8
Q

After primary mucosal infection, HSV spreads to local ____ neuron endings

A

PNS

HSV travels to the craniospinal ganglia
Trigeminal nerve ganglion
Sacral ganglion

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9
Q

HSV latent infection hiding place

A

trigeminal nerve ganglion

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10
Q

Most transmission occurs while source contact is asymptomatic

A

yikes yep

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11
Q

recurrent oral herpes prodrome

A

tingling, warmth or itching at site which precedes rash about 12 hours

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12
Q

genital herpes

A

lesions may be primary or recurrent and they are very painful

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13
Q

what is the catch with HSV antiviral therapy

A

Antiviral therapy can reduce the severity and the frequency of outbreaks, but it will not eliminate the virus completely.

They target replicating virus in the mucocutaneous areas. Latent virus does not replicate and so cannot be targeted by current antivirals.

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14
Q

Herpetic Whitlow –

A

acute infection that affects the fingers; doctors, nurses (HSV-1 and HSV-2)

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15
Q

Ocular herpes –

A

a broad spectrum of ocular disease. HSV keratitis can cause blindness

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16
Q

severe SE of HSV infections (3)

A
  1. Herpes encephalitis
  2. neonatal herpes
  3. disseminated disease in the immuno-compromised
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17
Q

it is the most common viral encephalitis and the only treatable one

A

Herpes Simplex encephalitis

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18
Q

Herpes Simplex encephalitis is characterized by

A

hemorrhagic necrosis of temporal lobes

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19
Q

neonatal herpes is acquired when?

A

at delivery

**Prevention: offer caesarean section to mothers with genital HSV lesions or history of genital herpes

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20
Q

Primary infection with VZV causes the disease ______

A

chickenpox or Varicella.

21
Q

severe varicella (2)

A
  1. in immunocompromised

2. congenital

22
Q

VZV is the only herpesvirus that can spread by respiratory route

A

yep

23
Q

latency of VZV in the

A

dorsal root ganglia

24
Q

varicella vaccine is what type of vaccine?

A

live attenuated

A vaccine against chickenpox has been available since 1995. In the US, it is a part of routine vaccinations in children. Two vaccinations are typically given. Vaccinations have led to a drastic decrease of chickenpox. But: Varivax is a live vaccine, so the VZV in the vaccine is infectious and becomes latent in the body. This latent virus can reactivate and cause shingles.

25
Q

VariZIG

A

passive immunization–> zooster immunoglobulin

people at risk such as early pregnancy or immunocompromised

26
Q

first vaccine ever was for

A

smallpox

27
Q

single crop of bumps filled with a thick, opaque fluid
often, depression or dimple in the center
severe pathology involving any organ

A

smallpox

28
Q

smallpox vs chickenpox

  1. stage lesions
  2. distribution
  3. evolution of rash
A
  1. stage lesions: same vs different
  2. distribution: centrifugal vs centripetal
  3. evolution of rash: slow vs rapid
29
Q 
Transmitted by direct contact
Symptoms: raised bumps on skin
Torso, face
Common in children 1-12 yo
Resolve in 6-12 months
A

molluscum contagiosum virus

30
Q

Shingles are very painful vesicular blisters, usually, on the face or the upper trunk. Symptoms are ______, painful vesicular blisters, usually in the head or upper trunk. what are the blisters filled?

A

unilateral

Blisters are filled with fluid containing high viral titers.

31
Q

Patients with zoster are infectious until blisters scab

A

yep

32
Q

________ is the most common complication of shingles, with pain lasting up to several months but
Allodynia – hypersensitivity to touch – is also common

A

Postherpetic neuralgia

33
Q

____ is very common; by adulthood, most people are infected. The virus is encountered in saliva and typically transmitted through kissing. _____ reinfections are possible as multiple strains have been isolated from the same patient.

A

EBV known as the kissing disease “infectious mononucleosis” in adolescents

***** in children it is asymptomatic

34
Q

EBV infection begins in ___________ cells of the mouth and the pharynx it then spreads to ______and latency is at _____________

A

EBV infection begins in epithelial cells of the mouth and the pharynx it then spreads to B lymphocytes and latency is at B lymphocytes

35
Q

there is Low-grade virus replication of EBV and shedding in the epithelial cells of the pharynx of all seropositive individuals

A

yep

36
Q

in the diagnosis of EBV we the what type of lymphocytes? what is the serologic test?

A

we see >10% atypical lymphocytes and we use the monospot test (transient appearance of heterophile ab)

37
Q

Typically, EBV mononucleosis occurs only once

A

yep

38
Q

are antiviral therapy effective in EBV?

A

nope

39
Q

EBV causes tumors… what types?

**Caused by EBV latent infection in some cases with involvement of reactivation,
not new infections

A

1, lymphoid such as non-hodgkin’s (think of burkitts)

2. epithelial such as nasopharyngeal carcinoma

40
Q

CMV is one of the most successful human pathogens

A

ok sure if you say so

41
Q

latency of cytomegalovirus

A

hematopoietic stem cells (bone marrow)

42
Q

cytomegalovirus

  1. vertical transmission
  2. horizontal transmission
  3. infects
A
  1. vertical transmission- congenital CMV
  2. horizontal transmission- through saliva
  3. infects multiple organs
43
Q

CMV is different to EBV in two important points

A
  1. CMV is monospot negative

2. CMV can recur

44
Q

Leading cause of hearing loss and brain disease in children as it is the most common congenital viral infection, 0.3-1%

A

CMV

**CMV&raquo_space; Down syndrome > spina bifida > CF > toxoplasma

45
Q

pizza pie retina

A

CMV retinitis

46
Q

CMV in the immunocompromised can lead to issues in the (3)

A
  1. lungs
  2. retina
  3. GI
47
Q

there is a live vaccine for CMV

A

nope

48
Q

Prevention of CMV disease in transplant recipients

antiviral prophylaxis

A

Prophylaxis with ganciclovir: seronegative recipient gets ganciclovir if the donor is seropositive. Seropositive recipients also get gancyclovir

49
Q

ganciclovir is approved for use in pregnant women

A

ganciclovir is NOT approved for use in pregnant women (highly toxic)

micro/id (41 decks)

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