viral hepatitis

Question 1

what are the 5 types of viral hep

Answer 1

Hep A-E

Question 2

how is hep A spread

Answer 2

feacal-oral transmission, overcrowding, poor hygiene, gays, drugs IV and teens

Question 3

what is the gold investigation for Hep A

Answer 3

clotted blood for serology, Hep A IgM

Question 4

how can Hep A be controlled

Answer 4

vaccines and hygiene

Question 5

where is Hep E more likely to be found

Answer 5

tropics, but more common in UK compared to Hep A

Question 6

how is Hep E passed on

Answer 6

faecal-oral, zoonoses, pigs

Question 7

is there a vaccine for Hep E

Answer 7

no

Question 8

are Hep A and E chronic or acute

Answer 8

acute, Hep E can be chronic in immunocompromised

Question 9

how is Hep B passed on

Answer 9

blood to blood, eg mother to child, sex, IV drugs

Question 10

what surface antigen is always found in Hep B

Answer 10

HBaAG

Question 11

how long does HBaAG need to be in blood before declared chronic

Answer 11

6 months

Question 12

in highly contagious individuals what is found in blood

Answer 12

Hep B e antigen and Hep B virus DNA

Question 13

what is found in immune patients

Answer 13

anti-HBs

Question 14

what is treatment options for Hep B

Answer 14

suppressive anti-viral drugs eg entecavir and peginterferon

Question 15

when is Hep D seen

Answer 15

only with Hep B, exacerbates Hep B

Question 16

how is hep C transmitted

Answer 16

blood

Question 17

what is the test for Hep C

Answer 17

antibody of hep C virus

Question 18

how do you treat Hep C

Answer 18

antiviral based on genome

Question 19

what is the general management of hepatitis

Answer 19

no antivirals in acute, if chronic eg adefovir or entecavir, decrease alcohol. give interferon alfa as peginterferon

Question 20

what are the main side effects of peginterferon

Answer 20

flu-like

Question 21

what can hepatitis progress into

Answer 21

acute –> chronic –> cirrhosis –> liver failure/ cancer –> death