viral hepatitis Flashcards
what are the 5 types of viral hep
Hep A-E
how is hep A spread
feacal-oral transmission, overcrowding, poor hygiene, gays, drugs IV and teens
what is the gold investigation for Hep A
clotted blood for serology, Hep A IgM
how can Hep A be controlled
vaccines and hygiene
where is Hep E more likely to be found
tropics, but more common in UK compared to Hep A
how is Hep E passed on
faecal-oral, zoonoses, pigs
is there a vaccine for Hep E
no
are Hep A and E chronic or acute
acute, Hep E can be chronic in immunocompromised
how is Hep B passed on
blood to blood, eg mother to child, sex, IV drugs
what surface antigen is always found in Hep B
HBaAG
how long does HBaAG need to be in blood before declared chronic
6 months
in highly contagious individuals what is found in blood
Hep B e antigen and Hep B virus DNA
what is found in immune patients
anti-HBs
what is treatment options for Hep B
suppressive anti-viral drugs eg entecavir and peginterferon
when is Hep D seen
only with Hep B, exacerbates Hep B
how is hep C transmitted
blood
what is the test for Hep C
antibody of hep C virus
how do you treat Hep C
antiviral based on genome
what is the general management of hepatitis
no antivirals in acute, if chronic eg adefovir or entecavir, decrease alcohol. give interferon alfa as peginterferon
what are the main side effects of peginterferon
flu-like
what can hepatitis progress into
acute –> chronic –> cirrhosis –> liver failure/ cancer –> death
