colorectal cancer Flashcards
what are polyps
potrusion above epithelial surface, most are adenimas or metaplastic
what are the types of polyps
sessile, plat, pendunculated (mushroom)
what are adenomas
benign tumours (polyp) and needs to be removed
where are adenomas normally found
left side
what types of adenoma are there
tubulovillous, tubular, villous
what is the most common malignant tumour
adenocarcinoma
what can increase changes of colorectal cancer
old, decreased fibre, bad diet, smoking, obese, IBD, genes
what genes are linked with the cancer
HPNCC and FAP - APC gene, p53 mut
what are the symptoms of right sided disease and how common is it
25%, anaemia, pain, bowel changes, wt loss, tired
what are the symptoms of left sided and how common s it
75%, blood, tenesmus, obstruction
what investigations are there for colorectal cancer
screening, colonoscopy, CT if unfit
how do you treat colorectal cancer surgically
best option, right hemicolectomy, extended right, transferse, sigmoid, anterior resection
what is the staging for colorectal cancer
Dukes, A=muscularis propria, B = through MP, c=lymph, D = mets
where is a common met site
liver
