pharmacology Flashcards
what can drugs that control acid secretion be used for
peptic ulcers, Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease, hyperacidity
what is a peptic ulcer and what can cause it
chronic inflammation of antrum, inflammation breaks down mucous barrier letting peptin and HCL in. caused by bacteria H. pylori
What are the 3 main aims of drug treatment for peptic ulcers?
Decrease gastric secretions
Increase mucosal resistance
Eradicate H. pylori
what do proton pump inhibitors do
covalently modifies H/KATPase so H doesn’t exit at apical end
Name a proton pump inhibitor
Omeprazole
What do H2 receptor antagonists do
competitively block H2 receptors
Name a H2 receptor antagonist used to treat peptic ulcer disease
ranitidine
name a M3 blocker that used to be used to treat ulcers
pirenzepine
what do NSAIDs do
reduce prostaglandin secretion by inhibiting COX enzyme. PGE removes acid
Which drug may reduce the effects of long-term NSAID treatment?
Misoprostolol (PGE1 analogue)
What side effects can a NSAID have on the GI tract?
gastric bleeding and ulcers
Name two mucosal strengtheners
sucralfate, bismuth chealate
what does ezetimibe do, what does it treat
binds to NPC1L1 to block choleserol absorption, for high levels of cholesterol
what can be used to treat IBS or IBD
glucocorticoids eg prednisolone, amino-salicylates: 5-ASA, mesalazine, balsalazide
name some classes of antiemetic drugs
5-HT3 receptor antagonists, muscharinic ACh receptor antagonists, histamine H1 receptor antagonists, dopamine receptor antagonists
name a 5-HT3
ondansetron palonosetron
name a muscarinic ACh
hyoscine, scopolamine
name a histamine H1
cyclizine
name a dopamine
domperidone
which anti-emetic drug is restricted in kids
dopamine
which anti-emetic drug is used for motion sickness
muscarnic ACh receptor antagonists
which drug is normally used to control nausea in chemo
5-HT3
what drug would be used for impaired gall bladder function
ursodeoxycholic acid
what would be used for biliary colic
morphine
what would be used for biliary spasm
atropine and GTN
name some bile acid sequestrants
colveselam, colestipol, colestryamine
what do bile acids sequestrants do
lower LDL and cholesterol by binding to bile to prevent reabsorption. for hyperlipidaemia, jaundice
what would be used to treat hepatic encephalopathy
lactulose and antibiatocs (eg rifamixin)
