pharmacology

Question 1

what can drugs that control acid secretion be used for

Answer 1

peptic ulcers, Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease, hyperacidity

Question 2

what is a peptic ulcer and what can cause it

Answer 2

chronic inflammation of antrum, inflammation breaks down mucous barrier letting peptin and HCL in. caused by bacteria H. pylori

Question 3

What are the 3 main aims of drug treatment for peptic ulcers?

Answer 3

Decrease gastric secretions
Increase mucosal resistance
Eradicate H. pylori

Question 4

what do proton pump inhibitors do

Answer 4

covalently modifies H/KATPase so H doesn’t exit at apical end

Question 5

Name a proton pump inhibitor

Answer 5

Omeprazole

Question 6

What do H2 receptor antagonists do

Answer 6

competitively block H2 receptors

Question 7

Name a H2 receptor antagonist used to treat peptic ulcer disease

Answer 7

ranitidine

Question 8

name a M3 blocker that used to be used to treat ulcers

Answer 8

pirenzepine

Question 9

what do NSAIDs do

Answer 9

reduce prostaglandin secretion by inhibiting COX enzyme. PGE removes acid

Question 10

Which drug may reduce the effects of long-term NSAID treatment?

Answer 10

Misoprostolol (PGE1 analogue)

Question 11

What side effects can a NSAID have on the GI tract?

Answer 11

gastric bleeding and ulcers

Question 12

Name two mucosal strengtheners

Answer 12

sucralfate, bismuth chealate

Question 13

what does ezetimibe do, what does it treat

Answer 13

binds to NPC1L1 to block choleserol absorption, for high levels of cholesterol

Question 14

what can be used to treat IBS or IBD

Answer 14

glucocorticoids eg prednisolone, amino-salicylates: 5-ASA, mesalazine, balsalazide

Question 15

name some classes of antiemetic drugs

Answer 15

5-HT3 receptor antagonists, muscharinic ACh receptor antagonists, histamine H1 receptor antagonists, dopamine receptor antagonists

Question 16

name a 5-HT3

Answer 16

ondansetron palonosetron

Question 17

name a muscarinic ACh

Answer 17

hyoscine, scopolamine

Question 18

name a histamine H1

Answer 18

cyclizine

Question 19

name a dopamine

Answer 19

domperidone

Question 20

which anti-emetic drug is restricted in kids

Answer 20

dopamine

Question 21

which anti-emetic drug is used for motion sickness

Answer 21

muscarnic ACh receptor antagonists

Question 22

which drug is normally used to control nausea in chemo

Answer 22

5-HT3

Question 23

what drug would be used for impaired gall bladder function

Answer 23

ursodeoxycholic acid

Question 24

what would be used for biliary colic

Answer 24

morphine

Question 25

what would be used for biliary spasm

Answer 25

atropine and GTN

Question 26

name some bile acid sequestrants

Answer 26

colveselam, colestipol, colestryamine

Question 27

what do bile acids sequestrants do

Answer 27

lower LDL and cholesterol by binding to bile to prevent reabsorption. for hyperlipidaemia, jaundice

Question 28

what would be used to treat hepatic encephalopathy

Answer 28

lactulose and antibiatocs (eg rifamixin)