pathology of stomach and cancer Flashcards
what can cause acute inflammatory disorders
irritant, shock eg trauma, head injuries
what are some causes of chronic inflammation
autoimmune, bacterial (H. pylori) and chemical
what are rare causes of stomach inflammation
lymphocytic, eosinophilic granulomatous
describe autoimmune gastritis
rarest, immune system produces antibodies that attack intrinsic factors. can cause pernicious anaemia and metaplasia
describe bacterial gastritis
most common, gram -ive, increases risk of ulcers and cancer, resides between epithelial cells and mucosa causing inflammation
describe chemical gastritis
due to NSAIDS, alcohol, bile reflux
what causes peptic ulcers
breach in GI mucosa due to acid and pepsin
where are peptic ulcers most common
duodenum then stomach - can burrow deeper
what are complications of ulcers
cancer, perforation, haemorrhage, stenosis
what are benign stomach cancers called
polyps: hyperplastic and cystic fundi
what is the most common malignant cancer and where does it tend to develop
carcinoma. proximally
why does h. pylori increase risk
gastritis can develop to dysplasia as cells regenerate
what are the 2 types and which is worse
type 1: intestinal, type 2: diffuse is worse as undifferntiated
where are lymphomas derived from
mucosa associated lymphoid tissue (MALT)
name another type of stomach cancer
GI stromal tumours GISTs
