Viral & Bacterial Pathogens of the Haemolymphatic System Flashcards
hemolytic infectious anemia is due to
direct damage to red cells or increased erythrophagocytosis
Hemorrhagic infectious anemia is typically due to
blood-sucking parasites
What are causes of hemolytic anemia in cattle?
- Babesiosis
- bacillary hemoglobinuria
- lepto
- anaplasmosis
What are causes of inadequate production of RBCs causing anemia in cattle?
- Chronic BVDV
- Johne’s Dz
- Other chronic infections (e.g enzootic bovine leukosis)
What causes anemia in sheep?
Mycoplasma ovis
What causes anemia in pigs?
Leptospirosis
Mycoplasma suis
What causes anemia in horses?
EIA
Equine ehrlichiosis
What causes anemia in dogs?
- Mycoplasma hemocanis
- Ehrlichia canis
What causes anemia in cats?
FIA
FeLV
FIV
What causes anemia in poultry?
Chick anemia virus
Aegyptianella pullorum
Hemorrhage may be caused by…
blood loss from parasites
coagulopathy
vasculitis
What may cause hemorrhage in cattle?
- Posterior vena caval thrombosis
- Mycotoxins
- Heartwater
- Anthrax
What may cause hemorrhage in sheep?
- Bacillary hemoglobinuria
- Bluetongue
- Anthrax
What may cause hemorrhage in Equines?
- Mycotoxins
- EVA
- EIA
- African horse sickness
- Anaplasma phagocytophilum
What may cause hemorrhage in dogs?
- leptospirosis
- infectious canine hepatitis
- canine monocytic ehrlichiosis
- canine cyclic thrombocytopenia
- Rocky mountain spotted fever
What can cause splenomegaly in ruminants?
- Salmonellosis
- Lymphosarcoma
- Anthrax
- Anaplasmosis
What can cause splenomegaly in pigs?
- Salmonellosis
- African Swine fever
- Eperythrozoon suis
What may cause splenomegaly in horses?
Salmonellosis
EIA
What may cause splenomegaly in cats?
lymphosarcoma
What may cause lymphadenitis, lymphangitis, or lymphadenopathy in cattle?
- cutaneous actinobacillosis
- TB
- enzootic bovine leukosis
What may cause lymphadenitis, lymphangitis, or lymphadenopathy in sheep?
- Caseous lymphadenitis
- Tick pyaemia
- Tularemia
What may cause lymphadenitis, lymphangitis, or lymphadenopathy in equines?
Strangles
Tularemia
Strep spp.
Sporotrichosis
Farcy
Ulcerative lymphangitis
Epizootic lymphangitis
What may cause lymphadenitis, lymphangitis, or lymphadenopathy in cats?
Feline leukemia
feline plague
tularemia
What is neutrophilia?
A response to inflammation with release of reserve neutrophils
Explain chronic neutrophilia.
‘Closed cavity’ inflammatory process
What can cause chronic neutrophilia?
pyometra in dogs
traumatic reticuloperitonitis in cattle
What can cause extreme neutrophilia?
Hepatazoon canis
Leukemia
What is the mechanism of leukopenia?
Direct damage to circulating leukocytes affecting bone marrow, lymph nodes, thymus
What is a non-specific cause of leukopenia?
Severe bacterial infection, septicemia
What causes tick-borne fever in ruminants?
- Anaplasma phagocytophilum
What is the vector that causes tick-borne fever in ruminants?
- Ixodes spp.
Once a ruminant recovers from tick-borne fever, they remain… but can … and act as…
remain: carriers
can: resist further infections
act as: reservoirs
What are clinical signs in ruminants for tick-borne fever?
- fever, inappetence, conjunctivitis, milk drop, abortion
- immunosuppression
What are clinical signs of tick-borne fever in sheep specifically?
louping ill
tick pyemia
What organism causes equine granulocytic ehrlichiosis?
Anaplasma phagocytophilum (Ehrlichia equi)
What are clinical signs of equine granulocytic ehrlichiosis?
Fever
listlessness
limb edema
petechiae
icterus
Ataxia
What disease in dogs can have neutrophilia &/or leukopenia?
Parvovirus
What disease(s) in cats can have neutrophilia &/or leukopenia?
Feline panleukopenia
FIV
FeLV
What tissues are affected by feline panleukopenia?
Bone marrow
thymus
lymphoid tissue
What are some causes of leukosis/lymphoproliferative disease in cattle?
Enzootic bovine leukosis due to bovine leukemia virus (Deltaretrovirus)
What are clinical signs of enzootic bovine leukosis?
enlarged LN
Weight loss
Drop in milk production
Variable signs depending on site of tumor
How do you diagnose enzootic bovine leukosis?
Lymphocytosis
Pathology
Serology: AGID, ELISA
Sporadic lymphosarcomas?
What can cause leukosis/ lymphoproliferative disease in cats?
Feline leukemia/sarcoma virus
FIV
What are the four subgroups of FeLV?
FeLV-A: transmitted naturally, replication competent
FeLV-B: arises through recombination
FeLV-C: arises through mutation
FeLV-T: arises through genetic insertion & resulting change to envelop protein
Where does the FeLV reside?
in saliva, urine, feces, milk
What condition is required for transmission of FeLV?
close contact
What are clinical signs of FeLV?
Fever, lymphadenopathy
Symptomless period
What type of non-neoplastic FeLV causes immunosuppression?
FeLV-T
What type of non-neoplastic FeLV causes anemia?
FeLV-C
What are clinical signs of non-neoplastic FeLV?
immunosuppression
anemia
enteritis
reproductive failure
What are clinical signs of neoplastic FeLV?
lymphoid/lymphosarcoma
myeloid
thymic lymphoma, T-cell
What are causes of Leukosis/ leukemia in poultry?
Avian leukosis
Marek’s Disease
Caseous lymphadenitis is caused by…
Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis
Tick pyemia is caused by…
Staph aureus
Tick-borne fever is caused by…
Anaplasma phagocytophilum
Bacillary hemoglobinuria is caused by…
Clostridium hemolyticum
Feline infectious anemia is caused by…
Mycoplasma hemofelis
Hemobartonella felis
Strangles is caused by
Streptococcus equi
Tuberculosis is caused by…
Mycobacterium bovis
Rocky Mountain spotted fever is caused by…
Rickettsia rickettsii
Heartwater is caused by…
ehrlichia ruminantium
Canine monocytic ehrlichiosis is caused by…
Ehrlichia ewingii
Canine cyclic thrombocytopenia is caused by…
Anaplasma platys
Plague is caused by…
Yersinia pestis
Tularemia is caused by…
Francisella tularensis
Anthrax is caused by…
Bacillus anthracis
Glanders is caused by…
Burkholderia mallei
What fungi affect the hemolymphatic system?
Sporothrix schenkii
Histoplasma farciminosum
What viruses affect the hemolymphatic system?
Feline leukemia virus
feline immunodeficiency virus
Avian leukosis
Marek’s disease
Gumboro disease
Chick anemia virus
Enzootic bovine leukosis
EIA
African horse sickness
bluetongue virus
