Equine Haemolymphatic Diseases 1 & 2 Flashcards
What is the life cycle of a RBC?
120 days
PCV is the percentage of…
RBCs in circulating blood
Where is the reserve of RBCs stored?
Equine spleen
Adrenaline in a horse causes an increase in
PCV
Tranquilizers/anesthetics in a horses causes a decrease in…
PCV
When is the best time to blood sample?
first thing in the morning, before feeding/exercising
What are normal ranges of a PCV in horses stallions, foals, racehorses in training?
32-53%
Haemoglobin indicates the
oxygen carrying capacity
What is macrocytic anaemia? What is it caused by?
High MCV - immature cells
Blood loss (ulcers, bleeder)
What is microcytic anaemia?
What is it caused by?
Low MCV - low in raw materials
Fe or Cu deficiency
What does the presence of spherocytes demonstrate in horses?
IMHA
What does the presence of Heinz bodies demonstrate in horses?
Oxidant injury
What is a sign of leukopenia when looking at total white blood cell count?
<6,000/ microlitres
What is a sign of leukocytosis
when looking at total white blood cell count?
> 10,000/microlitres
What is the life cycle in circulation of neutrophils?
7 hours
How long does it take a neutrophil to respond to damage?
<4 hrs
Band neutrophils are…
immature neutrophils
Toxic neutrophils have what three things?
Cytoplasmic vacuoles
Granules
Dohle Bodies
Band neutrophils and toxic neutrophils together on a cytology indicate…
- intense stimulation of neutrophil production
- shortened maturation time in the bone marrow
Lymphocytes are considered…
long-lived
Lymphocytes are the 2nd…
line of defense
Increases in monocytes suggests…
chronic inflammation
An increase in eosinophils suggests an
increase with allergies or parasites
Leukopenia occurs in
acute inflammation, trauma, endotoxemia
Leukocytosis occurs in…
bacterial infections, prolonged inflammation, cancers, allergies, parasites
What is the definition of anemia?
a decrease in the total amount of RBCs or hemoglobin in the blood
Anemia results in…
- decreased oxygen carrying capacity of the blood
- decreased oncotic pressure in circulation
What are some clinical signs of severe anemia?
- pale MM
- increased HR
- weak pulses
- sweating
- hypotension
- weakness
What is a clinical signs of mild anemia?
poor performance
What might you see on hematology as signs of anemia?
decreased PCV, RBC, Hb