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Hemolymphatics > Haemostasis > Flashcards

Haemostasis Flashcards

1
Q

Primary hemostasis has 3 main components. What are they?

A
  • Endothelium injury exposing collagen and releasing vWF
  • vWF adheres platelets to endothelium
  • Platelets - adhere, change shape, secrete, aggregate
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2
Q

What are the Vi-K dependent enzymes related to coagulation?

A

II, VII, IX, X

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3
Q

What factors are from the extrinsic pathway that feed into tenase?

A

VIIa-TF-Ca2+

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4
Q

What factors from the intrinsic pathway feed into tenase?

A

VIIIa-IXa-Ca2+ - PF3

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5
Q

What factors go into prothrombinase?

A

Va-Xa-Ca-PF-3

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6
Q

What causes coagulation inhibition?

A

Antithrombin III inhibits intrinsic & common pathways
TF inhibitor is an extrinsic pathway inhibitor, inhibits LACI, extrinsic tenase

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7
Q

What is fibrinolysis?

A

Blood clot lysis mediated by serine protease plasmin

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8
Q

Plasminogen is activated by…

A

tPA (tissue plasminogen activator)
UPA (urokinase PA)

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9
Q

tPA & UPA activators are inhibited by…

A

PAI-1 (plasminogen activator inhibitor 1) which binds free tPA

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10
Q

plasmin is inhibited by:

A

alpha2-antiplasmin
alpha2-macroglobulin

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11
Q

Plasmin formation is inhibited by

A

TAFI (thrombin-activatable fibrinolysis-inhibitor)

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12
Q

What does TAFI do?

A

Plays important role in stabilizing the fibrin clot, protecting it from lysis

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13
Q

TAFI is activated by

A

thrombin, especially with thrombomodulin as a cofactor

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14
Q

TAFI inactivates…

A

bradykinin which causes vasodilation, non-vascular smooth muscle contraction, increased vascular permeability, pain

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15
Q

What causes hemorrhagic diatheses?

A
  • Deficiency/defective coagulation factors
  • Quantitative or qualitative defects of platelets
  • Diffuse endothelial injury
  • Bleeding including hematoma, sites of mechanical stress, hemarthroses, purpura
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16
Q

Prothrombin time tests

A

the extrinsic and common coagulation pathways

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17
Q

Activated partial thromboplastin time tests

A

the intrinsic and common coagulation system

18
Q

What tube is required for coagulation tests?

A

Na citrate blood

19
Q

Thrombin time measures

A

the time it takes to convert fibrinogen to fibrin

20
Q

Activated clotting time tests

A

the intrinsic system

21
Q

FDP’s increase as…

A

fibrinogen is cleaved by plasmin

22
Q

D-dimer increases as

A

X-linked fibrin is cleaved by plasmin

23
Q

ATIII decreases as

A

it is consumed by binding clotting factors

24
Q

PT increases when

A

APTT increases

25
Q

When would you suspect Bleeding diathesis?

A
  • prolonged bleeding after a minor cut/wound
  • bleeding defect in newborns
  • access to poisons
  • purpura - small bleeding sites in skin & MM’s
  • Petechiation - pinpoint bleeding MM’s, platelets decreased
  • bleeding into body cavity or into muscle/eye
  • Txt w/ aspirin, estrogen, bute, heparin
26
Q

What are some hereditary bleeding disorders?

A

Haemophilia A-D

27
Q

What results would you expect if a patient had haemophilia A & B?

A

prolonged APTT, normal PT

28
Q

Hemophilia A is sex-linked in what species?

A

dog, cat, horse

29
Q

An increase in APTT may demonstrate…

A

Classic hemophilia A (VIII)

30
Q

Hemophilia A affects…

A

VIII (Antihemophilic factor A)

31
Q

Hemophilia B affects…

A

IX (Christmas factor)

32
Q

Hemophilia C affects…

A

XI (plasma thromboplastin antecedent - PTA)

33
Q

Hemophilia D affects

A

XII (Hageman factor)

34
Q

What are some inherited coagulation defects?

A

I: Congenital afribrinogenemia
II
VII
VWF deficiency

35
Q

What are some acquired disorders?

A

Vit K Def/antagonism
DIC - consumption coagulopathy
Angiostrongylus vasorum

36
Q

What are some clinical signs of vit K deficiency/antagonism?

A

Anemia
Weakness
Pallor
Epistaxis
Weakness

37
Q

What abnormalities might be see on coagulation tests when DIC is in progress?

A

APTT, PT increases
FDP/D-Dimer +
ATIII decreases

38
Q

Antiaggregant of platelets produces

A

nitric oxide aka EDRF (endothelium-derived relaxation factor)

39
Q

What are common anticoagulants?

A

Heparin
Thrombomodulin
TPA

40
Q

DDAVP is used to treat

A

vWF deficiency

Hemolymphatics (21 decks)

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