Disorders of the Leukon Flashcards
What are some common causes of neutropenias?
- infection
- immune
- Toxins
- Fe or Cu Deficiency
- Myelokathexis
- Viremia
- Cyclophosphamide in dogs
- Myeloid Hypoplasia
- Panleukopenia
- Lymphopenia
- Parvo
- Radiomimetic
- IHA w/ FeLV, Lymphosarcoma, leukemia, hemobartonellosis
What are some hereditary neutrophil anomalies?
- C3b-R in Dobermans
- C3 defect in Brittany Spaniels
- Macropolycytosis in cats
- CLAD & BLAD (canine and bovine)
What is Respiratory Burst?
NADPH from the hexose-monophosphate pathway for NADPH oxidase produces superoxide from oxygen to kill bacteria or parasites
What is the Canine Granulocytopathic syndrome? What breed is predisposed?
- Hexose-monophosphate pathway defect
- Irish Setter
What animals are predisposed to the Pelger-Huet Anomaly? What is it?
Predisposed: cats, Samoyed, Foxhound
When the nuclei of WBCs have unusual shapes and structures
What animals are predisposed to Chediak Higashi Syndrome?
- Persian cat w/ diluted blue smoke haircoat & yellow-green colored irises
- Hereford & Brangus Cattle
- Killer Whale, Aleutian Mink, Beige mice, Fox
What occurs in Chediak Higashi Syndrome?
- Decrease in granules causing platelet storage pool deficiency leading to a decrease in platelet aggregation
- Partial oculocutaneous albinism
- increased susceptibility to infection
- Lack of NK cell activity
- Hemorrhagic Diathesis
What is persistent primary granulation? What animal does it occur in?
- Birman cat
- primary granules persist in mature neutrophils
What are some Lysosomal Storage diseases? What animals are affected by each?
- Mucopolysaccharidosis VII - Dog
- Beta-mannosidase - Anglo-Nubian goat, Saler cattle
- Acidic alpha-mannosidase - Aberdeen angus & Murray Grey Calves, Persian cat
- Mucopolysaccharidosis VI - Siamese
What is hereditary cyclic neutropenia? What animal does it occur in?
Grey Collie Dog
- Recurrent Severe neutropenia leading to bacterial infections and a shortened life expectancy
What is physiologic leukocytosis?
An increase in epinephrine centralizes the marginal pool, and double total WBC count in minutes. Splenic contraction will release WBC & RBC into peripheral circulation. Mature neutrophilia w/o left shift causes the leukocytosis. Lymphocytosis may also occur in young horses and cats.
What occurs in a steroid-induced or stress leukogram in dogs? in cattle?
Dogs: When neuts predominate, steroids produce leukocytosis
Cattle: When lymphocytes predominate, WBC count variable depending on degree of neutrophilia, lymphopenia, reversal of N/L
What causes neutrophilia?
- Epinephrine demargination
- Steroids
- Acute infection
- Tissue Lysis
- GF-induced
- Type II/III hypersensitivity
- Storage pool mobilization
What are adverse effects of tissue neutrophilia?
- Rheumatoid arthritis
- Acute respiratory distress syndrome
- Atherosclerosis
- Myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury
- Emphysema
What are some causes of hypereosinophilic syndrome (HES)?
- feline flea-bite allergic dermatitis, eosinophil plaque, linear granuloma
- allergic rxn, parasitic infection, neoplasia, autoimmune
- FeLV inoculation
Eosinophils are tissue dwellers in what parts of the body?
respiratory
GIT
urogenital tract
Eosinophilia is most commonly caused by…
- flea-bite allergic dermatitis
- eosinophilic granuloma complex
What receptors allow for proliferation of eosinophils?
- IL-3 & 5, GM-CSF
What receptors allow for chemoattraction & degranulation of eosinophils?
ECF, PAF, LTB4
Major Basic protein (MBP) in eosinophils inactivates…
Heparin from mast cells & kills parasites in antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity
What are major eosinophil granule contents?
- MBP
- ASA-A
- Eosinophil cationic protein (ECP)
- Histaminase
- PLD
- PGE1
- Lysolecithiase
- Carcot-Leyden crystal protein
What are the two main avian hemoparasites?
- Leukocytozoon spp.
- Hemoproteus spp.
acute lymphocytic leukemias tend to have abnormal…
LN’s
M1 splenomegaly is common in 70% of cases of…
ALL (acute lymphocytic leukemia)
