Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Hemolymphatics > Bone Marrow > Flashcards

Bone Marrow Flashcards

1
Q

What is hematopoiesis?

A

Process by which immature precursor cells develop into mature blood cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What cell gives rise to all mature blood cells (erythrocytes, monocytes, lymphocytes, thrombocytes, granulocytes)?

A

Pluripotent stem cells (CD34+)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the morphological stages of blood cell development?

A
  1. -blast
  2. pro-
  3. -cyte
  4. Meta-
  5. Mature blood cell
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the morphological stages of erythrocyte development starting from stem cells?

A

Myeloid stem cells –> rubriblast –> Prorubricyte –> rubricyte –> metarubricyte –> reticulocyte –> erythrocyte

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the morphological stages of platelet (thrombocyte) development from stem cells?

A

Myeloid stem cells –> Megakaryoblast –> Promegakaryocyte –> Megakaryocyte –> thrombocytes (platelets)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the morphological stages of eosinophils, basophils, neutrophils starting from stem cells?

A

stem cell –> Myeloblast –> promyelocyte –> myelocyte –> metamyelocyte –> Stab (band) cells –> eosinophil, basophil, neutrophil

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the morphological stages of development of a macrophage?

A

Monoblast –> promonocyte –> monocyte –> macrophage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Starting from lymphoid stem cells, describe the morphological stages of development of lymphocytes.

A

Lymphoblast –> prolymphocyte –> T & B lymphocytes –> T cells & plasma cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What cells are normally found in blood?

A

reticulocytes, erythrocytes, platelets, eosinophils, basophils, neutrophils, monocytes, T & B lymphocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

When would you see undifferentiated cells in blood?

A

in an unhealthy animal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

-Blast cells are the most recognizable of each cell development. Why?

A

They are bigger and have a nucleolus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

If you see a -blast with a nucleolus in the peripheral blood, what might this be a sign of?

A

Cancer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are interleukins?

A

Protein cytokines working w/ colony stimulating factors (CSF) to stimulate cell lines to proliferate, differentiate, and activate.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the main interleukins that relate to hematology?

A

1, 3, 5, 6, 7, 11, 15

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What does renal erythropoietin (EPO) do?

A

stimulates RBC production

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What does hepatic thrombopoietin (TPO) do?

A

stimulates platelet production

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

How is hematopoiesis regulated?

A

By GFs, CSFs, ILs, Hormones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

IL 1 and 6 are common in the regulation of what cells?

A

WBCs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are the sites of hematopoiesis in mammal embryos?

A

Extra-embryonic –> blood islands of the yolk sac
Along the aorta

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are the sites of hematopoiesis in a mammal fetus?

A

liver, spleen, bone marrow cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are the sites of hematopoiesis at birth?

A

BM, spleen
Liver as needed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are the sites of hematopoiesis as an adult mammal?

A

BM of the skull, ribs, sternum, vertebrae, pelvis, proximal femur, humerus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

In an adult mammal, where does extramedullary hematopoiesis (EMH) occur?

A

Spleen, liver (if extreme/chronic)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Where in the bone marrow does hematopoiesis take place?

A

Extravascular space

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

High activity of the bone marrow can be demonstrated by…

A

its daily output of mature blood cells

26
Q

Other than pumping out new cells, what else does the bone marrow partake in?

A
  • Removal of aged & defective erythrocytes
  • Differentiation of B lymphocytes
  • Site of numerous plasma cells
  • Removing HJB
27
Q

What does the hematopoietic microenvironment look like?

A
  • Lattice-like scaffolding
  • Stroma composed of fibroblasts, myofibroblasts, adipocytes, endothelial cells, macrophages, ECM
28
Q

What does the stroma of bone marrow do?

A

supports & provides humoral (cytokines) & cellular (adhesion proteins, receptors) signaling vital to normal bone marrow growth, regulation, & fxn

29
Q

The structure of precursor cells change as it goes from…

A

making more protein to less

30
Q

A cell making lots of protein has…

A
  • nucleus-containing active, dispersed chromatin for active transcription
  • many large nucleoli for ribosomal RNA synthesis and assembly
  • more cytoplasmic ribosomes thus more basophilic cytoplasm
  • Highly developed Golgi apparatus causing an acentric nucleus
31
Q

Cells making less protein have…

A
  • Condensed, clumped chromatin
  • Smaller, fewer nucleoli
  • Fewer ribosomes –> appears more acidophilic
  • Smaller Golgi & nucleus is more centrally located
32
Q

What cells are part of normal erythropoiesis?

A

Rubriblast, prorubricyte, basophilic rubtricyte, polychromatophilic rubricyte, metarubricyte, reticulocyte

33
Q

The kidney is the site of production of…

A

EPO (erythropoietin)

34
Q

Bone Marrow has what two compartments?

A

Vascular and extravascular compartments

35
Q

Where in the extravascular space does hematopoiesis take place?

A
  • Stroma of reticular CT
  • Parenchyma of developing blood cells, plasma cells, macrophages, and fat cells
36
Q

What determines high activity of the bone marrow?

A

The daily output of mature blood cells, and the large numbers of lymphocytes and monocytes

37
Q

Bone marrow is the site for what other important activities?

A
  • removal of aged & defective erythrocytes
  • differentiation of B lymphocytes
  • site of numerous plasma cells
  • removal of HJBs
38
Q

What is the stroma of the hematopoietic environment made of?

A

fibroblasts, myofibroblasts, adipocytes, endothelial cells, macrophages, ECM

39
Q

What does the stroma of the hematopoietic microenvironment do?

A

supports & provides humoral (cytokines) & cellular (adhesion proteins & receptors) signaling vital to normal BM growth, regulation, & fxn

40
Q

A cell making lots of protein has…

A
  • a nucleus w/ active, dispersed chromatin
  • many large nucleoli
  • more cytoplasmic ribosomes (more basophilic)
  • Highly-developed Golgi apparatus occupying the cytoplasm causing an acentric nucleus
41
Q

Cells making less protein have…

A
  • condensed or clumped chromatin
  • smaller, fewer nucleoli
  • fewer ribosomes
  • smaller Golgi, more centrally located nucleus
42
Q

What stage of erythrocyte development is this?

A

Prorubricyte

43
Q

What stage of erythrocyte development is this?

A

Basophilic rubricyte

44
Q

What stage of WBC development is this?

A

Myeloblast

45
Q

What stage of WBC development is this?

A

Myelocyte

46
Q

This image shows some of the developmental stages of…

A

WBCs

47
Q

When is a bone marrow biopsy indicated?

A
  • unexplained, persistent decrease in cell type
  • Bi- or Pancytopenia
  • nRBC’s in absence of marked regenerative response
  • persistent increases in cell types
  • Suspect myeloproliferation/ leukemia - atypical or blasts
  • Evaluation of infectious Leishmaniasis, histoplasmosis
  • Differentiation, diagnosis, and staging of cancers
48
Q

What are some risks of a bone marrow biopsy?

A

sepsis, hemorrhage

49
Q

What cancers can be determined and evaluated by a bone marrow biopsy?

A

Lymphoma
Leukemia
Histiocytic neoplasia
multiple myeloma
mast cell neoplasia
metastatic carcinoma

50
Q

What are some sites in the skeleton that are best for taking bone marrow biopsies?

A
  • iliac crest
  • proximal humerus/femur
  • sternum
  • rib
51
Q

What is the best place to take a bone marrow biopsy in a young animal?

A

iliac crest

52
Q

What is the best place to take a bone marrow biopsy in an older animal?

A

sternum

53
Q

in order to assess the cellularity of a bone marrow sample microscopically, what will you need?

A

spicules of marrow

54
Q

Cellularity of bone marrow is assessed from the relative amount of ____ ____ as a ___

A

adipose tissue, %

55
Q

What amount of fat is considered normal when assessing cellularity of bone marrow?

A

30-70%

56
Q

When interpreting cellularity of bone marrow, what aspect of the patient must be taken into account?

A

the patient’s age

57
Q

The cellularity of bone marrow can be classified into what three groups?

A

Hypocellular
normocellular
hypercellular

58
Q

Myelofibrosis causes…

A

bone marrow failure secondary to replacement of normal marrow elements with fibrous tissue

59
Q

What species get myelofibrosis?

A

dogs, cats, humans, goats

60
Q

Myelofibrosis can be primary or secondary to…

A

malignancies
IMHA
whole body irradiation
congenital anaemias

Hemolymphatics (21 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions