Violence + Drugs in sport Flashcards
what are the causes of violence in sport ?
–instinct theory- innate biological drive
–frustration
–social learning theory- learned by observing others + imitating the behaviour of others
–crowd incitement
–Lombardian ethic
–media hype
–referees decisions
–over-arousal of players
–effects of drugs
–physical contact
–availability of weapons e.g: bats, hockey sticks…
what are ways of controlling violent players?
–supporting officials decisions
–campaigns to promote sportsmanship
–punishing players
–using video evidence/ citing discipline
–using role models with good discipline
–having fair play awards
–training players for anger management
–better officials using red/yellow cards
–use of citing + technology improvements
–drug testing
what are the leadership responsibilities?
–to set a good example + follow a ‘code of conduct’
–to punish offenders
–keep offenders away from stressful situations
–avoid over-arousal of certain individuals
–get players to control own arousal
–avoid ‘win at all costs’ attitude
explain spectator violence.
-unruly, violent + destructive behaviour
-racism, fighting, vandalism, pitch invasions
hooliganism
acts of vandalism + violence in public places
why may hooliganism occur?
–alcohol consumption
–occassion
what are strategies of controlling hooliganism?
–segregation of fans
–use of ID cards
–CCTV
–ban of alcohol
–all-seater stadiums
–family stadiums
–extra policing/stewards
what are the social + psychological reasons for the use of drugs in sport?
–win at all costs attitude
–fame + fortune
–pressure to win
–lack of effective methods to ban drug taking
–state sponsored drugs programme
–to steady nerves
–stimulants can raise performers belief if suffering form a lack of confidence
what are other reasons for the use of drugs in sport?
–may lack morality + willing to cheat
–believe success is only achievable with drugs
–may be unaware of health risks
–may assume everybody else is
–may be unaware they are taking drugs if they are given by coaches
–experience outside pressure to succeed
–feel tempted to speed up recovery from injury
what are the negatives of drug taking in sport?
–using PED’s doesn’t guarantee success
–no drug can replace exceptional training + hard work
what is an EPO?
=an artificial hormone that increases red blood cell count, causing an increase in O2 carrying capacity of the blood
–only be traced by doing a blood sample
–used by endurance performers
what are the drawbacks of EPO?
–increases blood viscosity= blood clotting, kidney failure, strokes + sometimes death
what are anabolic steroids?
=promotes protein storage + muscle growth for increased strength + power
-can train harder + longer with less fatigue
-used by power athletes
what are the drawbacks of using anabolic steroids?
–liver damage
–heart problems
–severe acne + behaviour changes
–aggression, paranoia + mood swings
–disturbs development of sexual characteristics
–in contact sports== uncontrolled aggression
what are beta blockers?
=reduce anxiety by counteracting the effect of adrenaline
–improves accuracy in precision sport
–keeps heart rate low + decreases muscle tension
