Musculo-skeletal system

Question 1

name all the bones of the body

Answer 1

cranium
mandible
cervical vertebrae
clavicle
scapula
sternum
ribs
thoracic vertebrae
lumbar vertebrae
humerus
radius
ulna
carpals
metcarpals
phalanges
pelvis
sacrum
coccyx
ischium
femur
patella
tibia
fibula
talus
tarsals
metatarsals
phalanges

Question 2

name all the muscles of the body

Answer 2

deltoid
pectoralis major/minor
triceps/biceps brachii
iliopsoas
quadriceps
adductor longus/magnus
rectus femoris
vastus lateralis/medialis
gastrocnemius
tibialis anterior
soleus
latissimus dorsi
gluteus medius/maximus
bicep femoris
semimembranous

Question 3

what are the joints of the body?

Answer 3

hinge= movement in one direction
- flexion/extension at the ankle, knee + elbow

ball + socket= movement in every direction
-at the shoulder and hip

Question 4

what is the agonist?

Answer 4

muscle responsible for movement occurring

Question 5

what is the antagonist?

Answer 5

muscle working in opposition to the agonist

Question 6

what are the planes and axes of movement?

Answer 6

• Sagittal + Transverse (SquaT)= flexion/extension, plantar/dorsiflexion, hyperflexion

-Transverse + Longitudinal (TwirL)= rotation, horizontal abduction/adduction)

-Frontal + Sagittal (From Side to side)= abduction/adduction

Question 7

what are antagonistic pairs?

Answer 7

when one muscles contracts, while the other relaxes - one shortens, one lengthens

Question 8

what are the types of contractions?

Answer 8

-isotonic= movement
-concentric= shortening of muscles- upwards movements
-eccentric= lengthening of muscles- downward movements

-isometric= no movement

Question 9

what is the 1st class lever?

Answer 9

-when the fulcrum is in the middle, between the effort and resistance

-neck and elbow extension

Question 10

what is the 2nd class lever?

Answer 10

-when the resistance is in the middle, between the fulcrum and effort

-plantarflexion of the ankle

Question 11

what is the 3rd class lever?

Answer 11

-when the effort is in the middle, between the fulcrum and resistance

-hip, knee, elbow flexion, knee extension

Question 12

what is mechanical advantage?

Answer 12

when the force arm is longer than the resistance arm
-can move a large load over a short distance
-requires little force
-small ROM
-difficult to generate speed + distance

Question 13

what is the force arm?

Answer 13

distance between the fulcrum + effort

Question 14

what is the resistance arm?

Answer 14

distance between the fulcrum + resistance

Question 15

what does mechanical advantage depend on?

Answer 15

-the length of the force/effort arm + resistance arm

Question 16

what is mechanical disadvantage?

Answer 16

when the resistance arm is longer than the force arm
-cannot move heavier loads
-can move faster
-large ROM

Question 17

what is the mechanical advantages/disadvantages of the 2nd class lever?

Answer 17

-generate much larger forces
-has to lift whole body weight

-slow
-limited ROM

Question 18

what is the mechanical advantages/disadvantages of the 1st + 3rd class levers?

Answer 18

-larger ROM
- any resistance can be moved quickly

-cannot apply much force to move an object