Memory Models Flashcards
what is information processing?
the ability to take in info around you, process it and then make decisions prior to the execution of the skill
what is the input stage?
how performers use various senses to collect and use info from the display
what is the display?
the sporting environment
what do the receptor systems do?
pick up info for input
what are the receptor systems and which ones are internal/external?
external= sight + hearing/auditory
internal= balance, kinaesthesis + touch
explain how each of the senses are used?
sight= pick up visual cues quickly to gain an advantage + improve performance
auditory/hearing= listening to audio cues
touch= can allow you to make adjustments to your starting position/ or when performing. skill to improve execution
balance= must be able to adjust balance whilst performing
kinaesthesis= inner sense gives info about the body position + muscular tension
what is decision making?
the filtering of information collected from the display into relevant and irrelevant info
what is selective attention?
the filtering of relevant info from irrelevant info
why is selective attention beneficial to a performer?
–it improves reaction time
–it allows more time to initiate a response
– it improves the chances of making correct decisions
– it allows greater concentration on crucial aspects of the task/skill
–it aids the decision making process by limiting the amount of info to process
what may be some negatives to selective attention?
– it is automatic/done subconsciously so needs practising to improve
–it can cause info overload so performer cant process effectively
what are some ways to develop selective attention?
- bright coloured stimulus
- mental preparation techniques
-coach motivation
-mimicking real situations in training
-strategies to help focus on relevant stimulus (loud noises/distractions)
what are all the stages of Whitings information processing model?
display-> receptor systems-> central mechanism (percetual -> translatory -> effector) -> muscular system/output -> feedback data
what does the perceptual mechanism do and what does it consist of?
-
-DCR===
-detection= performer has picked up relevant info via receptor systems + identified importance using selective attention
- comparison= comparing info identified with info from long term memory
-recognition= performer uses appropriate info from the memory to identify a response
what does the translatory system do?
uses coded info from perceptual mechanism and past experiences to select an appropriate motor programme
what does the effector mechanism do?
nervous system delivers decisions made to muscles as coded impulses so that action can be performed
what does the muscular system/output do?
appropriate muscles contract
what is the feedback data?
feedback received that tells the athlete how well they performed– which is then stored in the LTM for the next time a similar display is witnessed
why is feedback data important?
- helps to correct any errors made in performance to improve future outcomes
what did Baddeley + Hitch create?
–the Working Memory model
– the idea of separate sections by which different parts of the memory worked on different display cues
–exists within the short term memory –which can only deal with about 7 items of info at a time
what are the four parts of the working memory model?
-central executive
-phonological loop
-visuo-spatial sketchpad
-episodic buffer
what is the function of the central executive?
controls what enters and leaves the memory and moves info into one of the sub-systems
what is the function of the phonological loop?
deals with the auditory info + helps to produce a memory trace
what is the function of the visuo-spatial sketchpad?
creates a picture in your mind, providing a temporary store of visual and spatial info
what is the function of the episodic buffer?
coordinates all aspects of visual, auditory and spatial info into sequences, so it all makes sense in a logical order
–then uses the long term memory to stores sequences as motor programmes or compare existing motor programmes for a appropriate skill to be selected
