Vineyard Management

Question 1

When talking about Site Selection, what three main considerations must be made?

Answer 1

Environmental conditions
Business considerations
Grape variety

Question 2

At what age are most vines replaced?

Answer 2

30-50 years old

Question 3

What are the two types of vine training?

Answer 3

Head training

Cordon training

Question 4

In which two seasons will vine pruning happen?

Answer 4

Winter and Summer

Question 5

The number of what is dictated by winter pruning?

Answer 5

Number of buds that will form shoots in the next growing season

Question 6

What are the two styles of winter pruning?

Answer 6

Spur pruning

Replacement cane pruning

Question 7

How many buds are typically left on a spur?

How many on a cane?

Answer 7

2-3 buds

8-20 buds

Question 8

Replacement cane pruning will generally only be used on vines trained in which way?

Answer 8

Head trained

Question 9

What is another name for replacement cane pruning?

Answer 9

Guyot

single Guyot or double Guyot if two canes retained

Question 10

What does trimming leaves in summer pruning achieve?

Answer 10

Restricts vegetative growth which directs sugar production to the grapes
Increases sunlight exposure

Question 11

Bush vines are generally … trained and … pruned?

Answer 11

Head-trained and spur-pruned

Question 12

What is the name of the bush vine technique used in Beaujolais?

Answer 12

Gobelet

Question 13

What are the three benefits of having a trellised vineyard?

Answer 13

Sunlight
Air circulation
Mechanisation in the vineyard

Question 14

What is the most common system used in a trellised vineyard?

Answer 14

Vertical Shoot Positioning (VSP)

Question 15

What can be done to mitigate the risk of sunburn when using VSP?

Answer 15

Let the canopy hang down

Question 16

What two factors will most likely be considered when planting, as far as density is concerned?

Answer 16

Availability of nutrients and water

Question 17

What might happen if there are too few buds on the vine?

Answer 17

Each bud will have access to too much energy and grow vigorously

Question 18

In fertile soils, what technique has been developed to limit the growth of vines where high-density planting is not enough?

Answer 18

Training vines with multiple cordons

Question 19

What technique is used if yields look like they might be too high?

Answer 19

Green harvesting

Question 20

Why is green harvesting risky?

Answer 20

If done at the wrong time the vine may compensate for lost grapes by increasing grape size (yield may return to original size and be dilute)

Question 21

What are the five main pests in the vineyard?

Answer 21

Phylloxera
Nematodes
Birds
Mammals
Insects

Question 22

What are the 6 steps of vineyard cycle?

Answer 22

1. Budburst
2. Early shoot and leaf growth
3. Flowering and fruit set
4. Veraison and berry ripening
5. Harvest
6. Winter dormancy

Question 23

How are viruses generally spread?

Answer 23

Nematodes and cuttings

Question 24

What are bacterial diseases typically spread by?

Answer 24

Sharpshooters

Question 25

Viruses and bacterial diseases are treated by?

Answer 25

Digging up the vine and sanitising the land

Question 26

What are the three main agricultural practices for grape-growers who wish to reduce the quantity of chemicals

Answer 26

Sustainable agriculture
Organic agriculture
Biodynamic agriculture

Question 27

What is MOG?

Answer 27

Matter Other than Grapes

Question 28

What are the main benefits of machine harvest?

Answer 28

Less of a workforce
Speed
Harvest at night

Question 29

What are the limitations of machine harvesting?

Answer 29

Land must be flat or gentle slope
Grapes must fall easily from stem and not be easily damaged
Cant be used for wholebunch