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WSET level 3 2020 > Northern Italy > Flashcards

Northern Italy Flashcards

1
Q

What is a PGI wine labelled in Italy?

A

IGP or IGT

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2
Q

What is a risk in the coastal areas in Northern Italy?

A

Rot

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3
Q

What is the relevant river of Northern Italy? Glacial lake?

A

River Po

Lake Garda

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4
Q

What is the traditional training system in Northern Italy?

A

Pergola

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5
Q

For the production of what style wines is the pergola system still relevant?

A

Sparkling

Passito

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6
Q

What is the most Northerly Italian region?

A

Alto Adige

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7
Q

What is the climate in Alto Adige?

A

Moderate Continental

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8
Q

What is the diurnal range generally in Alto Adige? Why?

A

Large

Altitude

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9
Q

What is the main white grape of Alto Adige?

A

Pinot Grigio

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10
Q

What is the style of Alto Adige DOC Pinot Grigio? (body, sweetness, acid, 2 clusters)

A

Light to medium
Dry
High acid
Citrus, green fruit aromas

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11
Q

In Alto Adige, what white grapes, after Pinot Grigio, are next most important? (3)

A

Chardonnay
Gewurtztraminer
Pinot Blanc

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12
Q

What are the characteristics of Schiava? (body, tannin, 2 fruit flavours)

A

Light-bodied
Low-Medium tannin
Raspberry and Plum

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13
Q

What is the region that sits to the south of Alto Adige where the valley of the river Adige widens out?

A

Trentino

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14
Q

In Trentino-Alto Adige, what are summers like? What is rainfall like in the growing season?

A

Summers are short and dry

Low rainfall during growing season

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15
Q

Why is Trentino generally warmer than Alto Adige?

A

Latitude

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16
Q

What are wines from Trentino labelled as?

A

Trentino DOC

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17
Q

Where are vines planted in Trentino to protect them from the cooling effects of Lake Garda?

A

Low in the valley and on the western slopes of the valley

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18
Q

What are the two main Trentino DOC white grapes?

A

Chardonnay and Pinot Grigio

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19
Q

Seeing as most wines are grown at a lower altitude to that of Alto Adige, what characteristics are seen in Pinot Grigio (and Chardonnay) from here? (body, acid, cluster)

A

Medium bodied
Medium acid
Stone fruit flavours

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20
Q

What are the two most planted black grape varieties in Trentino DOC?

A

Teroldego

Merlot

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21
Q

Teroldego is most often planted on the valley floor or mid-slope. What are it’s characteristics? (tannin, body, cluster)

A

Medium to high tannin
Medium to full body
Black fruit

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22
Q

Teroldego is often matured in oak and is …?

A

ageworthy

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23
Q

The most northerly vineyards in Friuli-Venezia-Giulia sit in the foothills of the alps, what is the climate here?

A

Moderate Continental

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24
Q

What is the climate in the more southerly vineyards of Friuli-Venezia-Giula on the maritime plain?

A

Warm, maritime

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25
Q

What three DOCs is Friuli-Venezia-Giula broken into?

A

Friuli Grave DOC
Collio DOC
Colli Orientali DOC

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26
Q

Pinot Grigio from Friuli-Venezia-Giula tends to be medium-full bodied and some of the richest in Italy, displaying … and … fruit flavours

A

Peachy

Tropical

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27
Q

What is the most planted black grape in Friuli-Venezia-Giula?

A

Merlot

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28
Q

The red fruited Merlot from Friuli-Venezia-Giula is easy to remember as it’s structure is …. across the board? (body, acid, tannin)

A

Medium

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29
Q

Is Merlot from Friuli-Venezia-Giula often oaked?

A

Yes

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30
Q

What other white grape is relevant to Friuli-Venezia-Giula?

A

Friulano

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31
Q

What are the characteristics of Friulano? (acid, body, 3 specific aromas)

A

Medium - High acid
Medium bodied
Pear, red apple, herbs

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32
Q

In which region would you find Soave DOC and Valpolicella DOCG? What are PGI wines from this region labelled as?

A

Veneto

Veneto IGT

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33
Q

What is the climatic temp and rainfall in Veneto? What are two of the cooling influences in Veneto? (Ocean is not one)

A

Warm, moderate rainfall
Glacial Lake Garda
Altitude in foothill areas

34
Q

Why might you need an increased number of sprays on the plains of Veneto? What high volume wines are planted here?

A

Moist air and fog from River Po
Pinot Grigio
Merlot
Chardonnay

35
Q

Soave DOC can be split into two sections?

A

Foothills to the North

Flat plains near the river Adige

36
Q

What kind of soils might you find in the higher altitude Soave foothills? How does this impact wines?

A

Limestone, clay and some volcanic rock

Naturally cool, resulting in further retention of acid

37
Q

Which wines can mature for a number of years, Soave from foothills or from the flat plains?

38
Q

What kind of soils might you find on the flat plains of the River Adige in Soave DOC? What effect do soils have on wines?

A

Sandy alluvial soils (obvious if you think)

Retain heat and ripen fruit, resulting in medium acidity

39
Q

What are some general aromas of Soave DOC? Wines would be Medium to High in acid, medium bodied with aromas of?

A

Pear, red apple,

stonefruit, white pepper

40
Q

What aromas might develop in a bottle-aged Soave?

A

Almonds and honey

41
Q

What would wines sourced wholly from the foothills of Soave, Chianti or Valpolicella be labelled?

42
Q

Describe Corvina (skin, tannin, acid)

A

thin-skinned
low-medium tannin
high acid

43
Q

Valpolicella can be split like Soave, what are the soils like in the two areas?

A

Limestone, clay and volcanic rocks in the foothills

Gravel and sand to the south

44
Q

Why are other local varieties almost always added to Corvina to make Valpolicella wine?

A

Add colour and tanin

45
Q

Valpolicella wines made from only foothills grapes be labelled as? From elsewhere?

A

Valpolicella Classico DOC

Valpolicella DOC

46
Q

Made to drink immediately in a simple, unoaked and fruity style, Valpolicella DOC and Valpolicella Classico DOC show … tannin and flavours of …? (1)

A

Low tannin

Red cherry

47
Q

When are grapes destined for Passito method wines picked? Why?

A

Early

To retain acid

48
Q

What kind of training system is used to preserve acidity in grapes used in Passito wines?

A

Pergola (shady)

49
Q

How are grapes dried and for how long when making Passito wines?

A

Indoors

‘til winter months

50
Q

What sweetness levels might Amerone della Valpolicella be made in? What flavours? (2)

A

dry or off-dry
Red berry (concentrated)
Spice

51
Q

Structural characteristics of Amerone della Valpolicella? (body, acid, alcohol, tannin)

A

Full
High
High
Medium

52
Q

What is the name of the sweet red wine made via Passito method? Why are they sweet? Tannins are?

A

Recioto della Valpolicella
Made from such sweet grapes that the fermentation stops naturally
Medium to High tannin

53
Q

Outline the steps of a Ripasso Method wine.

A

A fermenting Amerone is drained off skins.
Unpressed skins are added to a vat of dry Valpolicella
Sugars and ambient yeast from unpressed skins continue to ferment in the dry Valpolicella.

54
Q

What two structural elements are added to the base wine when Amerone skins are added during the making of Valpolicella Ripasso DOC?

A

Colour and Tannin

55
Q

What flavours are imparted during the making of Valpolicella Ripasso DOC?

A

Stewed red cherries

Stewed red plum

56
Q

What is the general climate of Piemonte?

A

Moderate Continental

57
Q

What are winters like in Piemonte? What are some hazards in summer?

A

Long and cold

Thunderstorms, hail and fog

58
Q

Where are the mountains that create a rain-shadow that Piemonte benefits from?

59
Q

What is noted about Piemonte’s terrain?

A

Foothills with different aspects and altitudes

60
Q

What are the three black grapes of Piemonte? Two white?

A

Nebbiolo, Barbera, Dolcetto

Cortese, Moscato (Asti method)

61
Q

What shape is the steep, south-facing valley of Barolo DOCG

A

Horse-shoe shaped

62
Q

Can Barolo be made from grapes of different villages?

63
Q

If a wine is sourced from a single village, what can be on the label?

A

Village name

64
Q

Who can label their wines by vineyard?

A

Those from specific crus

65
Q

What are the ageing requirements for Barolo?

A

3 years total

1.5 years oak

66
Q

Barolo was traditionally aged for years in oak to soften harsh tannins. What has resulted in smoother, riper tannins, lessening the need for such extended ageing?

A

Vineyard management

Gentle extraction

67
Q

The high altitude sites of Barolo allow for the development of notes such as sour cherries, herbs and sometimes dried floral notes. These wines develop bottle-aged notes of … (3)

A

Truffles, tar and leather

68
Q

Why would Barbaresco Nebbiolos ripen earlier?

A

Lower altitude and proximity to the river

69
Q

In comparison to Barolo, Barbaresco wines are fruiter and less…? What structural similarities remain?

A

Perfumed

High acid and tannin, thus age-worthiness

70
Q

What are the ageing requirements for Barbaresco?

A

2 years total

9 months oak

71
Q

When does Barbera ripen?

72
Q

Other than red cherries and plums, what aroma might you sometimes find in Barbera d’Asti?

A

Black pepper

73
Q

Medium to deep in colour, Barbera d’Asti can be made either youthful and fruity or barrel-aged to bring spice. What are tannin levels generally?

A

Low to medium

74
Q

Which Piemonte red grape is most suited to coolest sites? Why?

A

Dolcetto

Earliest ripening

75
Q

Similarly to Barbera d’Asti DOCG, Dolcetto d’Alba DOC sees notes of red cherries, which has more red plum, which has more black?

A

Dolcetto has more black plum notes

76
Q

What note does Dolcetto d’Alba share with Barolo?

A

Dried herbs

77
Q

Deep purple with medium to high tannins and … acidity describes Dolcetto?

78
Q

What is the relevant white wine DOCG? What are these wines called if they’re from the regions name-sake town?

A

Gavi DOCG

Gavi di Gavi DOCG

79
Q

What moderating influence is seen in Gavi DOCG that is not seen in other appellations of Piemonte? What influence does it share with Barolo?

A

Sea breezes

High altitude

80
Q

Cortese from Gavi DOCG tends to be…? (body, acid, 3 clusters)

A

light-bodied
High acid
Floral, Citrus, Green fruit (apples, pears)

81
Q

While most Gavi DOCG is made protectively in stainless some examples see secondary aromas from which two processes?

A

Old oak maturation

Lees stirring

WSET level 3 2020 (41 decks)

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