Vietnam Flashcards
1
Q
(Lyndon B. Johnson) johnson was sworn in … hrs, … min after JFK was assassinated
A
2; 8
2
Q
(Lyndon B. Johnson) born in …
elected to … in FDR landslide in 1936
served in …
elected to … in 1948
A
rural texas; house of rep; wwii; senate
3
Q
(Lyndon B. Johnson) “i intend to carry out the … and …. of JFK. Not because of our sympathy or sorrow, but because they are …..” -LBJ
A
plans; programs; right
4
Q
(Lyndon B. Johnson) “no memorial oration or eulogy could more eloquently honor President Kennedy’s memory than the earliest possible passage of the …. for which he fought so long” -LBJ
A
Civil Rights Bill
5
Q
(civil rights) President Kennedy was supportive of the …. but did not take major steps:
pre-occupied by …
… was a sticky situation …
A
civil rights movement; foreign affairs; civil rights movement; politically
6
Q
(civil rights) but by june 1963: the southern christian leadership council (SCLC’s) … had recently concluded in May
A
Birmingham campaign
7
Q
(civil rights) by june 1963: alabama gov. wallace personally …. of the University of Alabama’s registrar’s office to prevent 3 African-American students from …: kennedy had to personally intervene to …
A
blocked the door; registering; end the standoff
8
Q
(civil rights) june 11, 1963: in a televised address, JFK discussed the issue of Civil Rights and announced he would introduce a …
A
Civil Rights bill
9
Q
(civil rights) june 11, 1963: hours later, Mississippi NAACP leader … was … and … in his own driveway
A
Medgar Evers; shot in the back; killed
10
Q
(Civil Rights Act of 1964) LBJ used his … to get the bill passed
A
legislative expertise
11
Q
(Civil Rights Act of 1964) signed into law in …
A
july 1964
12
Q
(Civil Rights Act of 1964) johnson later remarked to an aide: “we have lost the … for a …” meaning the democratic party lost … from the South
A
south; generation; votes
13
Q
(Civil Rights Act of 1964) “The treatment” –> LBJ broke … as a form of …, worked … endlessly
A
personal space; persuasion; phones
14
Q
(Civil Rights Act of 1964) banned …. at most private facilities open to the public such as theaters, hospitals, restaurants
A
racial discrimination
15
Q
(Civil Rights Act of 1964) strengthened federal government’s power to … in … and other …
A
end segregation; schools; public places
16
Q
(Civil Rights Act of 1964) barred … from discrimination based on …, …, …, or …
A
employers; race; color; religion; national origin
17
Q
(Civil Rights Act of 1964) the act also applied to
A
gender discrimination
18
Q
(election of 1964) republican challenger was …: …. from Arizona since 1953
A
Barry Goldwater; senator
19
Q
(election of 1964) “extremism in the defense of liberty is no …; moderation in the pursuit of justice is no …” –> goldwater was an …
A
vice; virtue; arch-conservative
20
Q
(election of 1964) goldwater’s position: strong ….–> advocated a “…” policy vs. communism meanining the … of …
A
anti-communist; rollback; overthrow; communist governments
21
Q
(election of 1964) believed strongly in “…” voted against …
A
state’s rights; Civil Rights bill
22
Q
(election of 1964) wanted to rollback the
A
new deal
23
Q
(election of 1964) johnson ran as a …
A
moderate
24
Q
(election of 1964) the johnson campaign painted goldwater as an …
A
extremist
25
(election of 1964) johnson ... --> beat Goldwater by ...
landslide; 13 million
26
(election of 1964) significance: johnson's landslide had coattails that gave him a ... in ..
liberal majority; congress
27
(election of 1964) sig: coattails--> enabled Johnson to counter the conservative coalition of ... and ...., and push through his agenda
northern Republicans; southern Democrats;
28
(election of 1964) sig: despite the political thumping, Goldwater's message sparked a commitment by conservatives to ....: the birth of "...."
resist the liberal hegemony; modern conservatism
29
(the great society) LBJ dubbed his domestic program "..."
the great society
30
(the great society) a sweeping set of new deal-type ... and ... measures aimed at extending the post-war ... to ALL americans --> a "war on ..."
economic; welfare; prosperity; poverty
31
(the great society) who missing out from previous success?
the poor, minorities, the elderly
32
(the great society) the other america (1962) by ...: despite prosperity, ... of Americans in poverty, ... of Blacks, ... of Seniors
michael harrington; 20%; 40%; 35%
33
(the great society) 2016- ...% poverty level
14.5
34
(the great society) LBJ in ... --> west virginia
appalachia
35
(the great society) included: aid to ..., .... for the elderly and poor, ... rights/...rights, ... reform
education; health insurance; civil; voting; immigration
36
(the great society-education) elementary and secondary education act (1965): provides billions in ... to local ... annually
federal aid; school districts
37
(the great society-education) higher education act (1965): provides billions in ... to ... and ..., funds ... and .... such as ...
federal aid; colleges; universities; scholarships; low interest loans; stafford loans
38
(the great society-health) ... act of 1965
social security
39
(the great society-health) medicare: all americans receive ... upon reaching age .., covers ... of costs
health insurance; 65; 80%
40
(the great society-health) medicaid: provides health insurance to qualifying ... and ...
low income individuals; families
41
(the great society-voting rights) despite the 15th amendment, african-american voting in the south severely limited by ..., ... and ...
poll taxes; literacy tests; intimidation
42
(the great society-voting rights) the 24th amendment ratified in 1964 banned ... yet obstacles remained
poll taxes
43
(the great society-voting rights) LBJ, MLK, and others meet in ...
oval office
44
(the great society-voting rights) voting rights act (1965): prohibits any ... based on .., ..., or other ... status.
pre-requisites; race; language; minority
45
(the great society-voting rights) voting rights act (1965) banned ...
literacy tests
46
(the great society-voting rights) voting rights act (1965): authorized federal regulators to investigate ... and required ... in certain jurisdictions (states) for any .... changes
certain jurisdictions; preclearance; voting law
47
(the great society-voting rights) recent developments: in 2014, the Supreme Court (Shelby county v. Holder) struck down the formula used to designate the ... states
pre-clearance
48
(the great society-voting rights) recent developments: court ruled the formula was ... and based on ... facts", until congress passes a new formula ....
out-dated; 50 year old; pre-clearance does not apply
49
(the great society-voting rights) recent developments: a host of states passed previously denied
voting laws (e.g. voter ID laws)
50
(the great society-voting rights) john lewis reacted by saying he fears state & local officials "will go ...
back to another time."
51
(the selma marches) selma, alabama: ... of the city were african-american, only ... of 10,000 eligible African-Americans were registered to ...
60%; 335; vote
52
(the selma marches) the plan: civil rights protesters planned to march ... from selma to the ... of Montgomery
54 miles; state capitol
53
(the selma marches) the peaceful marchers were ... and ... on the first 2 attempts
beaten; gassed
54
(the selma marches) LBJ federalized the .. and sent additional ... to ... the marchers for the third march
Alabama National Guard; U.S. troops; guard
55
(the selma marches) SNCC leader ... is beaten
John Lewis
56
(the great society-immigration reform) immigration and nationality act (1965): abolished the "..." quota system in place since the 1920s
national origins
57
(the great society-immigration reform) immigration and nationality act (1965): increased the annual ... for total immigration
limit
58
(the great society-immigration reform) immigration and nationality act (1965): allowed for the admission of ... of U.S. citizens outside the annual ...
close relatives; total limit
59
(the great society-immigration reform) immigration and nationality act (1965): also put emphasis on the skills of
would be immigrants
60
(the great society-immigration reform) immigration and nationality act (1965): no ... per nation and no nations ...
quotas; banned
61
(the great society) lyndon b. johnson memorial grove on the potomac: not that great because of his .. (vietnam)
foreign policy
62
```
(political history of vietnam)
1880-1941: .. colony
1941-1945: occupied by ...
1945-1954: ... try to re-take control
1954-1975: divided into: ...-.../.... and ...-.../...
1975-present: unified ... state
```
french; japan; french; north vietnam; communist/dictatorship; south vietnam; capitalist; dictatorship; communist
63
Ho Chi Minh: leader of .... against the ..., then the ...
| later, leader of ....
communist rebels; japense; french; north vietnam
64
Ho Chi Minh: "if ever the tiger pauses, the elephant will impale him on his mighty tusks. but the tiger will not pause, and the elephant will die of exhaustion and blood."
tiger: ...
elephant: ...
minh and rebels; france
65
(french defeat) battle of bien dien phu (mar-may 1954) french send 20,000 troops including 6,000 .... to remote location near ....
colonial Vietnamese; communist rebel stronghold
66
(french defeat) battle of bien dien phu: goal- draw out ... and ..., result- french ... (lose ...% of troops in Vietnam), Vietnam is divided into ... and ...
rebels; annihilate them; surrender; 10; communist North Vietnam; non-communist South Vietnam
67
(US involvement) domino theory: need to prevent ... of South Vietnam or all of southeast Asia will ...
communist takeover; go communist
68
(US involvement) 1945-1954: US support ($) for ...
1954-1959: US support ($) for ....
1959-1964: US military "...." assist the south vietnamese ..: eisenhower had sent ..., by JFK's death, there were ...
french; south vietnam; advisors; military; 900; 15,000
69
(US involvement-our ally) president ngo dihn diem: right-wing ..., ..., member of the ... that had benefited from french rule: this elite were ... in a Buddhist majority nation
dictator; corrupt; 1% elite; roman catholics
70
(US involvement-our ally) buddhist crisis (1963): catholics and catholicism favored by ..., restrictions on ...
gov't; buddhists
71
(US involvement-our ally) ngo ... and ... by a military ...: U.S. ambassador was consulted before and indicated the U.S. "...."
ousted; executed; coup; did not object
72
(US involvement-our ally) replaced by a council of ... and eventually ... became president in 1965
12 generals; Nguyen Van Thieu
73
(US involvement-our ally) south vietnamese army was still ... to communist rebels: poorly ... and poor ... → LBJ is very ...: the domino theory
losing ground; trained; leadership; concerned
74
(gulf of tonkin incident) aug 1964- "...." on U.S.S. Maddox by North Vietnam off the coast North Vietnam
unprovoked attack
75
(gulf of tonkin incident) aug 1964- LBJ calls for the ..., passed by ...
gulf of tonkin resolutoin; congress
76
(gulf of tonkin incident) resolution authorized LBJ to take ".... to repel any armed attack on U.S. armed forces and to prevent further aggression in Southeast Asia" → a "...."
all necessary measures; blank check
77
(escalation-"americanization of the war") jan 1965: u.s. air force attacks begin on
north vietnamese targets
78
(escalation-"americanization of the war") march 1965 (through 1968): operation ... begins→ massive ... of north vietnam and .... in south vietnam
rolling thunder; bombing; vc strongholds
79
(escalation-"americanization of the war") us ... begin to arrive to ...
ground forces; protect air bases
80
(who are we fighting?) viet cong (vc): communist ... operating in South Vietnam- .. and .. tactics, ... weapons
guerillas; hit; run; light
81
(who are we fighting?) north vietnamese army (vca): professionally ... and ... soldiers of North Vietnam: possess ..., ..., etc.
trained; equipped; tanks, heavy weapons, etc
82
the enemy: ... fought with the VC as well
women
83
(U.S. advantages) ... (bombs & napalm) BUT: ... is not seen
aerial bombing; target
84
(U.S. advantages) "we're going to bomb them ..." - General Curtis "Bombs Away" LeMay
back to the Stone Age
85
(U.S. advantages) the u.s. dropped over ... of bombs on Vietnam- ... the amount dropped on Germany and Japan in WWII
7 million tons; twice
86
(U.S. advantages) ..., other weapons (..., ..., etc)
helicopters; tanks; flame throwers
87
(communist advantages) ..., ..., ..., the Ho Chi Minh Trail: used to ... and ... to ... fighting in the South
terrain; booby traps; tunnels; bring weapons; supplies; VC rebels
88
(U.S. Troop Levels in Vietnam) troop buildup under LBJ up to ... (reached about ...)
1969; 550,000
89
(U.S. Troop Levels in Vietnam) .... million military personnel would cycle through Vietnam: there was a draft- 1 year ..., 1 year going back ... and serving in a form that ...
2.7; serving in vietnam; home; did not involve fighting
90
(search and destroy missions) ... raids: setting villages on ... if evidence was found that ... was given to VC
zippo; fire; support
91
(general westmoreland) april 1967, went before congress and said ...., we are killing communist fighters faster than they can be ...: based this on ...
we are winning; replaced; body counts
92
(general westmoreland) supreme ... of u.s. forces in vietnam
commander
93
(tet offensive) a 1-week ... was brokered to honor the ... in late jan 1968
truce; chinese lunar new year
94
(tet offensive) a ...!: viet cong planned a ... for early 1968 to ....
trick; massive offensive; break the stalemate
95
(tet offensive) vc attacked 36 ..., 5 ...., hoped to incite .... against south vietnam's ...
provincial capitals; major cities; revolution; government
96
(tet offensive) tactically a ... for Viet Cong: VC were ... and lost 20,000 in Phase I alone, they did not ... in South Vietnam
failure; repelled; incite revolution
97
(tet offensive) strategically a ... for Viet Cong: ... the american people, many more began to ... or ... the war
victory; shocked; question; oppose
98
(tet offensive) other effect of Tet: westmoreland replaced by ... in june 1968, % americans who thought sending U.S. troops to Vietnam was a mistake rose from ..% at beginning of war to ...%, and at the end of war it was ... of the population
general creighton abrams; 25; 50; 2/3
99
(tet offensive) there were
war protests
100
(counter culture) literary antecedents: disillusioned by the ... era
materialistic post-war
101
(counter culture) the ... generation of the ../ early ...: jack kerouac - "....
, allen ginsburg- "..."
beat; 1950s; 1960s; on the road; howl
102
(counter culture) embraced things such as: ..., .... people, modern ... (....), ..., ... (experimental ....), underworld of ....
drugs; seedy street; jazz; eclectic; spontaneity; homosexuality; sex; petty criminals
103
(counter culture) timothy leary: harvard ..., legitimate ... with ... ("acid"), went ... with personal use, "turn ..., tune .., drop ...", promoted recreational use of acid as it ".... your consciousness"
professor; research; LSD; off the rails; on; in; out; expands
104
(counter culture)"we are not .... We are not worried about ..." -Keith Richards, The Rolling Stones
old men; petty morals
105
(counter culture) a general .. phenomenon
anti-establishment
106
(counter culture) a rejection of ...: the norms of the ...
conventional norms; 1950s
107
(counter culture) why did they reject norms?: sheer ... of ...., ... and .. leads to ...
number; baby boomers; affluence; leisure time; boredom
108
(counter culture)did the invention of the ... in 1960 have anything to do with changes in behavior? yes
birth control pill
109
(counter culture) forever altered: ..., ..., ... use, ... rights, ... rights, ... movement, ..., ... and ... , ...
fashion; sexuality; drug; women's; civil; anti-war; environmentalism; music; film; religiosity
110
(counter culture) their views in full or in part were subsumed into ... by the ...
mainstream culture; 1970s
111
(counter culture) woodstock- aug 1969: 3 (4) day ..., expected 200,000 but ... showed up
music fest; 400,000
112
(election of 1968) lbj challenged by .... (democrat-minnesota) for democratic nomination: represented ... wing of the party
sen. eugene McCarthy; anti-war
113
(election of 1968) LBJ narrowly won ... to McCarthy (49% to 42%)
New Hampshire primary
114
(election of 1968) sen. ....(democrat- New York) then announced his candidacy
Robert F. Kennedy
115
(election of 1968) president johnson announces he will .... in 1968 (march): wants to dedicate himself to ...
not run for re-election; winning the war
116
(1968- a tumultuous year) dr. king was ... by an escaped felon (....) on april 4, 1968
assassinated; James Earl Ray
117
(1968- a tumultuous year) .... broke out in .. cities across the nation: accelerated the ... that was already underway
riots; 60; urban decay
118
(racial strife) riots had occurred the previous summer (...) including in ... and ..., NJ
newark; plainfield
119
(racial strife) african-americans frustrated with ...: ..., ...., ..., long-standing ... also cited
discrimination; housing, jobs, education; police brutality
120
(racial strife) "a riot is the language of the ..." - Dr. King
unheard
121
(radical civil rights movement) malcolm X: rejected mainstream ...., african-americans should advance and defend themselves by "....", killed by members of the ... with which he had a ... (feb 1965)
civil rights movement; any means necessary; nation of islam; feud
122
(radical civil rights movement) black panthers: founded in ..., .... to counter police brutality, implemented community ...
1966; armed patrols; social programs
123
(1968- a tumultuous year) after winning the california primary, bobby kennedy is ... (june 5, 1968)
assassinated
124
(1968- a tumultuous year) RFK shot by ..., a christian palestinian upset with his ...
sirhan sirhan; pro-Israeli stance
125
(1968- a tumultuous year) people lined the ... as a train brought his casket and remains to .... for burial
tracks; Washington, D.C.
126
(1968 democratic convention- chicago) democrats were divided into ... and ... camps: sen. mccarthy (...), sen george mcgovern (d-SD) (...)
pro-war; anti-war; anti-war; anti-war
127
(1968 democratic convention- chicago) vice president hubert humphrey was for ... and ...
continuation of the war; ultimate victory
128
(1968 democratic convention- chicago) humphrey received the nomination from the
big political bosses
129
(enter nixon 1968) richard nixon: ... under eisenhower, lost to ... in 1960
VP; JFK
130
(enter nixon 1968) campaign: ... the war: "peace with ...", had a "....", ... and ... at home
end; honor; secret plan; law; order
131
(enter nixon 1968) nixon ...
wins
132
(enter nixon 1968) controversially, nixon communicated to the south vietnamese that they should ... and wait until he becomes president so as to get them a ...
hold off on peace talks; better deal
133
(nixon's war plan) vietnamization: gradually turn over the war to the ... and gradually ... US troops
south vietnam army; withdraw
134
(nixon's war plan) however, nixon also: increased the ...., secretly (illegally) expanded the war into ... and ... which were ... nations
bombing campaign; Cambodia; Laos; neutral
135
(nixon's war plan) phan thi kim phuc: "the ... girl" she was ....
napalm; burnt
136
(moratorium march) ... gathered on the ... in nov 1969 demanding an ... to the war
500,000; mall in washington, d.c., end
137
(other views) "tonight- to you, the great silent majority of my fellow Americans- I ask for your support" - Richard Nixon
Nixon's reference to the large group of Americans who:
did not join ... or the ..., did not express their ....
anti-war protests; counterculture; political views aloud
138
(other views) although at the time of this speech in nov 1969, ... thought war in Vietnam was a ....
55%; mistake
139
Kent State Shootings May 4, 1970: four students ... and ... by ...; students were being .., however
shot; killed; ohio national guard; violent
140
(paris peace accords - 1973) the plan: ..., u.s. would withdraw all ..., north vietnam and south vietnam would settle things ...
cease fire; combat troops; politically
141
(paris peace accords - 1973) the reality: U.S. troops leave but 160,000 ... stay in South, cease fire ..., north vietnam ... south vietnam, april 1975- south vietnam ... to communists because U.S. aid (... and ...) had dried up
north vietnamese troops; breaks down; aggressively attacks; falls; money; supplies
142
(why did u.s. lose the war?) ... americans killed: ... young men from Bayonne
58,000; 30
143
(why did u.s. lose the war?) estimated ... Vietnamese ... and .... killed during the war
2 million; soldiers; civilians
144
(why did u.s. lose the war?) u.s. lost because it got involved in a ...., it fought a ... against an enemy who wanted ..., south vietnam gov was ... and had ... of the people
civil war; limited war; total victory; corrupt; lukewarm support
145
(legacy of the Vietnam war) short term: feeling of ... about America, lack of ... in the U.S. military
self-doubt; confidence
146
```
(legacy of the Vietnam war) long term: draft ended in ../ all ... military
26th amendment (1973)- lowered ... to ..
```
1973; volunteer; voting age; 18
147
(legacy of the Vietnam war) long term (more): war powers act (1973): president can only deploy military up to ... in absence of: ... by congress or other congressional ...
60 days; declaration of war; authorization
148
(agent orange) an herbicide (poison) used to ... vietnamese jungles to deny ... used by VC and NVA, over ... of Vietnam's jungles were sprayed
defoliate; cover; 17%
149
(agent orange) still causes ... today: it seeped into ...
birth defects; groundwater
150
(unexploded ordinance) millions of unexploded .../... still litter Vietnam, vietnam says ... have been ... or ... since 1975
bombs; shells; 100,000; killed; maimed
