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US2H > Vietnam > Flashcards

Vietnam Flashcards

1
Q

(Lyndon B. Johnson) johnson was sworn in … hrs, … min after JFK was assassinated

A

2; 8

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2
Q

(Lyndon B. Johnson) born in …
elected to … in FDR landslide in 1936
served in …
elected to … in 1948

A

rural texas; house of rep; wwii; senate

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3
Q

(Lyndon B. Johnson) “i intend to carry out the … and …. of JFK. Not because of our sympathy or sorrow, but because they are …..” -LBJ

A

plans; programs; right

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4
Q

(Lyndon B. Johnson) “no memorial oration or eulogy could more eloquently honor President Kennedy’s memory than the earliest possible passage of the …. for which he fought so long” -LBJ

A

Civil Rights Bill

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5
Q

(civil rights) President Kennedy was supportive of the …. but did not take major steps:
pre-occupied by …
… was a sticky situation …

A

civil rights movement; foreign affairs; civil rights movement; politically

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6
Q

(civil rights) but by june 1963: the southern christian leadership council (SCLC’s) … had recently concluded in May

A

Birmingham campaign

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7
Q

(civil rights) by june 1963: alabama gov. wallace personally …. of the University of Alabama’s registrar’s office to prevent 3 African-American students from …: kennedy had to personally intervene to …

A

blocked the door; registering; end the standoff

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8
Q

(civil rights) june 11, 1963: in a televised address, JFK discussed the issue of Civil Rights and announced he would introduce a …

A

Civil Rights bill

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9
Q

(civil rights) june 11, 1963: hours later, Mississippi NAACP leader … was … and … in his own driveway

A

Medgar Evers; shot in the back; killed

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10
Q

(Civil Rights Act of 1964) LBJ used his … to get the bill passed

A

legislative expertise

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11
Q

(Civil Rights Act of 1964) signed into law in …

A

july 1964

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12
Q

(Civil Rights Act of 1964) johnson later remarked to an aide: “we have lost the … for a …” meaning the democratic party lost … from the South

A

south; generation; votes

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13
Q

(Civil Rights Act of 1964) “The treatment” –> LBJ broke … as a form of …, worked … endlessly

A

personal space; persuasion; phones

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14
Q

(Civil Rights Act of 1964) banned …. at most private facilities open to the public such as theaters, hospitals, restaurants

A

racial discrimination

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15
Q

(Civil Rights Act of 1964) strengthened federal government’s power to … in … and other …

A

end segregation; schools; public places

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16
Q

(Civil Rights Act of 1964) barred … from discrimination based on …, …, …, or …

A

employers; race; color; religion; national origin

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17
Q

(Civil Rights Act of 1964) the act also applied to

A

gender discrimination

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18
Q

(election of 1964) republican challenger was …: …. from Arizona since 1953

A

Barry Goldwater; senator

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19
Q

(election of 1964) “extremism in the defense of liberty is no …; moderation in the pursuit of justice is no …” –> goldwater was an …

A

vice; virtue; arch-conservative

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20
Q

(election of 1964) goldwater’s position: strong ….–> advocated a “…” policy vs. communism meanining the … of …

A

anti-communist; rollback; overthrow; communist governments

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21
Q

(election of 1964) believed strongly in “…” voted against …

A

state’s rights; Civil Rights bill

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22
Q

(election of 1964) wanted to rollback the

A

new deal

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23
Q

(election of 1964) johnson ran as a …

A

moderate

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24
Q

(election of 1964) the johnson campaign painted goldwater as an …

A

extremist

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25
Q

(election of 1964) johnson … –> beat Goldwater by …

A

landslide; 13 million

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26
Q

(election of 1964) significance: johnson’s landslide had coattails that gave him a … in ..

A

liberal majority; congress

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27
Q

(election of 1964) sig: coattails–> enabled Johnson to counter the conservative coalition of … and …., and push through his agenda

A

northern Republicans; southern Democrats;

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28
Q

(election of 1964) sig: despite the political thumping, Goldwater’s message sparked a commitment by conservatives to ….: the birth of “….”

A

resist the liberal hegemony; modern conservatism

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29
Q

(the great society) LBJ dubbed his domestic program “…”

A

the great society

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30
Q

(the great society) a sweeping set of new deal-type … and … measures aimed at extending the post-war … to ALL americans –> a “war on …”

A

economic; welfare; prosperity; poverty

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31
Q

(the great society) who missing out from previous success?

A

the poor, minorities, the elderly

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32
Q

(the great society) the other america (1962) by …: despite prosperity, … of Americans in poverty, … of Blacks, … of Seniors

A

michael harrington; 20%; 40%; 35%

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33
Q

(the great society) 2016- …% poverty level

A

14.5

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34
Q

(the great society) LBJ in … –> west virginia

A

appalachia

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35
Q

(the great society) included: aid to …, …. for the elderly and poor, … rights/…rights, … reform

A

education; health insurance; civil; voting; immigration

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36
Q

(the great society-education) elementary and secondary education act (1965): provides billions in … to local … annually

A

federal aid; school districts

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37
Q

(the great society-education) higher education act (1965): provides billions in … to … and …, funds … and …. such as …

A

federal aid; colleges; universities; scholarships; low interest loans; stafford loans

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38
Q

(the great society-health) … act of 1965

A

social security

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39
Q

(the great society-health) medicare: all americans receive … upon reaching age .., covers … of costs

A

health insurance; 65; 80%

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40
Q

(the great society-health) medicaid: provides health insurance to qualifying … and …

A

low income individuals; families

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41
Q

(the great society-voting rights) despite the 15th amendment, african-american voting in the south severely limited by …, … and …

A

poll taxes; literacy tests; intimidation

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42
Q

(the great society-voting rights) the 24th amendment ratified in 1964 banned … yet obstacles remained

A

poll taxes

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43
Q

(the great society-voting rights) LBJ, MLK, and others meet in …

A

oval office

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44
Q

(the great society-voting rights) voting rights act (1965): prohibits any … based on .., …, or other … status.

A

pre-requisites; race; language; minority

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45
Q

(the great society-voting rights) voting rights act (1965) banned …

A

literacy tests

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46
Q

(the great society-voting rights) voting rights act (1965): authorized federal regulators to investigate … and required … in certain jurisdictions (states) for any …. changes

A

certain jurisdictions; preclearance; voting law

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47
Q

(the great society-voting rights) recent developments: in 2014, the Supreme Court (Shelby county v. Holder) struck down the formula used to designate the … states

A

pre-clearance

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48
Q

(the great society-voting rights) recent developments: court ruled the formula was … and based on … facts”, until congress passes a new formula ….

A

out-dated; 50 year old; pre-clearance does not apply

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49
Q

(the great society-voting rights) recent developments: a host of states passed previously denied

A

voting laws (e.g. voter ID laws)

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50
Q

(the great society-voting rights) john lewis reacted by saying he fears state & local officials “will go …

A

back to another time.”

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51
Q

(the selma marches) selma, alabama: … of the city were african-american, only … of 10,000 eligible African-Americans were registered to …

A

60%; 335; vote

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52
Q

(the selma marches) the plan: civil rights protesters planned to march … from selma to the … of Montgomery

A

54 miles; state capitol

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53
Q

(the selma marches) the peaceful marchers were … and … on the first 2 attempts

A

beaten; gassed

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54
Q

(the selma marches) LBJ federalized the .. and sent additional … to … the marchers for the third march

A

Alabama National Guard; U.S. troops; guard

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55
Q

(the selma marches) SNCC leader … is beaten

A

John Lewis

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56
Q

(the great society-immigration reform) immigration and nationality act (1965): abolished the “…” quota system in place since the 1920s

A

national origins

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57
Q

(the great society-immigration reform) immigration and nationality act (1965): increased the annual … for total immigration

A

limit

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58
Q

(the great society-immigration reform) immigration and nationality act (1965): allowed for the admission of … of U.S. citizens outside the annual …

A

close relatives; total limit

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59
Q

(the great society-immigration reform) immigration and nationality act (1965): also put emphasis on the skills of

A

would be immigrants

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60
Q

(the great society-immigration reform) immigration and nationality act (1965): no … per nation and no nations …

A

quotas; banned

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61
Q

(the great society) lyndon b. johnson memorial grove on the potomac: not that great because of his .. (vietnam)

A

foreign policy

62
Q 
(political history of vietnam) 
1880-1941: .. colony
1941-1945: occupied by ... 
1945-1954: ... try to re-take control 
1954-1975: divided into: ...-.../.... and ...-.../...
1975-present: unified ... state
A

french; japan; french; north vietnam; communist/dictatorship; south vietnam; capitalist; dictatorship; communist

63
Q

Ho Chi Minh: leader of …. against the …, then the …

later, leader of ….

A

communist rebels; japense; french; north vietnam

64
Q

Ho Chi Minh: “if ever the tiger pauses, the elephant will impale him on his mighty tusks. but the tiger will not pause, and the elephant will die of exhaustion and blood.”

tiger: …
elephant: …

A

minh and rebels; france

65
Q

(french defeat) battle of bien dien phu (mar-may 1954) french send 20,000 troops including 6,000 …. to remote location near ….

A

colonial Vietnamese; communist rebel stronghold

66
Q

(french defeat) battle of bien dien phu: goal- draw out … and …, result- french … (lose …% of troops in Vietnam), Vietnam is divided into … and …

A

rebels; annihilate them; surrender; 10; communist North Vietnam; non-communist South Vietnam

67
Q

(US involvement) domino theory: need to prevent … of South Vietnam or all of southeast Asia will …

A

communist takeover; go communist

68
Q

(US involvement) 1945-1954: US support ($) for …
1954-1959: US support ($) for ….
1959-1964: US military “….” assist the south vietnamese ..: eisenhower had sent …, by JFK’s death, there were …

A

french; south vietnam; advisors; military; 900; 15,000

69
Q

(US involvement-our ally) president ngo dihn diem: right-wing …, …, member of the … that had benefited from french rule: this elite were … in a Buddhist majority nation

A

dictator; corrupt; 1% elite; roman catholics

70
Q

(US involvement-our ally) buddhist crisis (1963): catholics and catholicism favored by …, restrictions on …

A

gov’t; buddhists

71
Q

(US involvement-our ally) ngo … and … by a military …: U.S. ambassador was consulted before and indicated the U.S. “….”

A

ousted; executed; coup; did not object

72
Q

(US involvement-our ally) replaced by a council of … and eventually … became president in 1965

A

12 generals; Nguyen Van Thieu

73
Q

(US involvement-our ally) south vietnamese army was still … to communist rebels: poorly … and poor … → LBJ is very …: the domino theory

A

losing ground; trained; leadership; concerned

74
Q

(gulf of tonkin incident) aug 1964- “….” on U.S.S. Maddox by North Vietnam off the coast North Vietnam

A

unprovoked attack

75
Q

(gulf of tonkin incident) aug 1964- LBJ calls for the …, passed by …

A

gulf of tonkin resolutoin; congress

76
Q

(gulf of tonkin incident) resolution authorized LBJ to take “…. to repel any armed attack on U.S. armed forces and to prevent further aggression in Southeast Asia” → a “….”

A

all necessary measures; blank check

77
Q

(escalation-“americanization of the war”) jan 1965: u.s. air force attacks begin on

A

north vietnamese targets

78
Q

(escalation-“americanization of the war”) march 1965 (through 1968): operation … begins→ massive … of north vietnam and …. in south vietnam

A

rolling thunder; bombing; vc strongholds

79
Q

(escalation-“americanization of the war”) us … begin to arrive to …

A

ground forces; protect air bases

80
Q

(who are we fighting?) viet cong (vc): communist … operating in South Vietnam- .. and .. tactics, … weapons

A

guerillas; hit; run; light

81
Q

(who are we fighting?) north vietnamese army (vca): professionally … and … soldiers of North Vietnam: possess …, …, etc.

A

trained; equipped; tanks, heavy weapons, etc

82
Q

the enemy: … fought with the VC as well

A

women

83
Q

(U.S. advantages) … (bombs & napalm) BUT: … is not seen

A

aerial bombing; target

84
Q

(U.S. advantages) “we’re going to bomb them …” - General Curtis “Bombs Away” LeMay

A

back to the Stone Age

85
Q

(U.S. advantages) the u.s. dropped over … of bombs on Vietnam- … the amount dropped on Germany and Japan in WWII

A

7 million tons; twice

86
Q

(U.S. advantages) …, other weapons (…, …, etc)

A

helicopters; tanks; flame throwers

87
Q

(communist advantages) …, …, …, the Ho Chi Minh Trail: used to … and … to … fighting in the South

A

terrain; booby traps; tunnels; bring weapons; supplies; VC rebels

88
Q

(U.S. Troop Levels in Vietnam) troop buildup under LBJ up to … (reached about …)

A

1969; 550,000

89
Q

(U.S. Troop Levels in Vietnam) …. million military personnel would cycle through Vietnam: there was a draft- 1 year …, 1 year going back … and serving in a form that …

A

2.7; serving in vietnam; home; did not involve fighting

90
Q

(search and destroy missions) … raids: setting villages on … if evidence was found that … was given to VC

A

zippo; fire; support

91
Q

(general westmoreland) april 1967, went before congress and said …., we are killing communist fighters faster than they can be …: based this on …

A

we are winning; replaced; body counts

92
Q

(general westmoreland) supreme … of u.s. forces in vietnam

A

commander

93
Q

(tet offensive) a 1-week … was brokered to honor the … in late jan 1968

A

truce; chinese lunar new year

94
Q

(tet offensive) a …!: viet cong planned a … for early 1968 to ….

A

trick; massive offensive; break the stalemate

95
Q

(tet offensive) vc attacked 36 …, 5 …., hoped to incite …. against south vietnam’s …

A

provincial capitals; major cities; revolution; government

96
Q

(tet offensive) tactically a … for Viet Cong: VC were … and lost 20,000 in Phase I alone, they did not … in South Vietnam

A

failure; repelled; incite revolution

97
Q

(tet offensive) strategically a … for Viet Cong: … the american people, many more began to … or … the war

A

victory; shocked; question; oppose

98
Q

(tet offensive) other effect of Tet: westmoreland replaced by … in june 1968, % americans who thought sending U.S. troops to Vietnam was a mistake rose from ..% at beginning of war to …%, and at the end of war it was … of the population

A

general creighton abrams; 25; 50; 2/3

99
Q

(tet offensive) there were

A

war protests

100
Q

(counter culture) literary antecedents: disillusioned by the … era

A

materialistic post-war

101
Q

(counter culture) the … generation of the ../ early …: jack kerouac - “….
, allen ginsburg- “…”

A

beat; 1950s; 1960s; on the road; howl

102
Q

(counter culture) embraced things such as: …, …. people, modern … (….), …, … (experimental ….), underworld of ….

A

drugs; seedy street; jazz; eclectic; spontaneity; homosexuality; sex; petty criminals

103
Q

(counter culture) timothy leary: harvard …, legitimate … with … (“acid”), went … with personal use, “turn …, tune .., drop …”, promoted recreational use of acid as it “…. your consciousness”

A

professor; research; LSD; off the rails; on; in; out; expands

104
Q

(counter culture)”we are not …. We are not worried about …” -Keith Richards, The Rolling Stones

A

old men; petty morals

105
Q

(counter culture) a general .. phenomenon

A

anti-establishment

106
Q

(counter culture) a rejection of …: the norms of the …

A

conventional norms; 1950s

107
Q

(counter culture) why did they reject norms?: sheer … of …., … and .. leads to …

A

number; baby boomers; affluence; leisure time; boredom

108
Q

(counter culture)did the invention of the … in 1960 have anything to do with changes in behavior? yes

A

birth control pill

109
Q

(counter culture) forever altered: …, …, … use, … rights, … rights, … movement, …, … and … , …

A

fashion; sexuality; drug; women’s; civil; anti-war; environmentalism; music; film; religiosity

110
Q

(counter culture) their views in full or in part were subsumed into … by the …

A

mainstream culture; 1970s

111
Q

(counter culture) woodstock- aug 1969: 3 (4) day …, expected 200,000 but … showed up

A

music fest; 400,000

112
Q

(election of 1968) lbj challenged by …. (democrat-minnesota) for democratic nomination: represented … wing of the party

A

sen. eugene McCarthy; anti-war

113
Q

(election of 1968) LBJ narrowly won … to McCarthy (49% to 42%)

A

New Hampshire primary

114
Q

(election of 1968) sen. ….(democrat- New York) then announced his candidacy

A

Robert F. Kennedy

115
Q

(election of 1968) president johnson announces he will …. in 1968 (march): wants to dedicate himself to …

A

not run for re-election; winning the war

116
Q

(1968- a tumultuous year) dr. king was … by an escaped felon (….) on april 4, 1968

A

assassinated; James Earl Ray

117
Q

(1968- a tumultuous year) …. broke out in .. cities across the nation: accelerated the … that was already underway

A

riots; 60; urban decay

118
Q

(racial strife) riots had occurred the previous summer (…) including in … and …, NJ

A

newark; plainfield

119
Q

(racial strife) african-americans frustrated with …: …, …., …, long-standing … also cited

A

discrimination; housing, jobs, education; police brutality

120
Q

(racial strife) “a riot is the language of the …” - Dr. King

A

unheard

121
Q

(radical civil rights movement) malcolm X: rejected mainstream …., african-americans should advance and defend themselves by “….”, killed by members of the … with which he had a … (feb 1965)

A

civil rights movement; any means necessary; nation of islam; feud

122
Q

(radical civil rights movement) black panthers: founded in …, …. to counter police brutality, implemented community …

A

1966; armed patrols; social programs

123
Q

(1968- a tumultuous year) after winning the california primary, bobby kennedy is … (june 5, 1968)

A

assassinated

124
Q

(1968- a tumultuous year) RFK shot by …, a christian palestinian upset with his …

A

sirhan sirhan; pro-Israeli stance

125
Q

(1968- a tumultuous year) people lined the … as a train brought his casket and remains to …. for burial

A

tracks; Washington, D.C.

126
Q

(1968 democratic convention- chicago) democrats were divided into … and … camps: sen. mccarthy (…), sen george mcgovern (d-SD) (…)

A

pro-war; anti-war; anti-war; anti-war

127
Q

(1968 democratic convention- chicago) vice president hubert humphrey was for … and …

A

continuation of the war; ultimate victory

128
Q

(1968 democratic convention- chicago) humphrey received the nomination from the

A

big political bosses

129
Q

(enter nixon 1968) richard nixon: … under eisenhower, lost to … in 1960

A

VP; JFK

130
Q

(enter nixon 1968) campaign: … the war: “peace with …”, had a “….”, … and … at home

A

end; honor; secret plan; law; order

131
Q

(enter nixon 1968) nixon …

A

wins

132
Q

(enter nixon 1968) controversially, nixon communicated to the south vietnamese that they should … and wait until he becomes president so as to get them a …

A

hold off on peace talks; better deal

133
Q

(nixon’s war plan) vietnamization: gradually turn over the war to the … and gradually … US troops

A

south vietnam army; withdraw

134
Q

(nixon’s war plan) however, nixon also: increased the …., secretly (illegally) expanded the war into … and … which were … nations

A

bombing campaign; Cambodia; Laos; neutral

135
Q

(nixon’s war plan) phan thi kim phuc: “the … girl” she was ….

A

napalm; burnt

136
Q

(moratorium march) … gathered on the … in nov 1969 demanding an … to the war

A

500,000; mall in washington, d.c., end

137
Q

(other views) “tonight- to you, the great silent majority of my fellow Americans- I ask for your support” - Richard Nixon

Nixon’s reference to the large group of Americans who:
did not join … or the …, did not express their ….

A

anti-war protests; counterculture; political views aloud

138
Q

(other views) although at the time of this speech in nov 1969, … thought war in Vietnam was a ….

A

55%; mistake

139
Q

Kent State Shootings May 4, 1970: four students … and … by …; students were being .., however

A

shot; killed; ohio national guard; violent

140
Q

(paris peace accords - 1973) the plan: …, u.s. would withdraw all …, north vietnam and south vietnam would settle things …

A

cease fire; combat troops; politically

141
Q

(paris peace accords - 1973) the reality: U.S. troops leave but 160,000 … stay in South, cease fire …, north vietnam … south vietnam, april 1975- south vietnam … to communists because U.S. aid (… and …) had dried up

A

north vietnamese troops; breaks down; aggressively attacks; falls; money; supplies

142
Q

(why did u.s. lose the war?) … americans killed: … young men from Bayonne

A

58,000; 30

143
Q

(why did u.s. lose the war?) estimated … Vietnamese … and …. killed during the war

A

2 million; soldiers; civilians

144
Q

(why did u.s. lose the war?) u.s. lost because it got involved in a …., it fought a … against an enemy who wanted …, south vietnam gov was … and had … of the people

A

civil war; limited war; total victory; corrupt; lukewarm support

145
Q

(legacy of the Vietnam war) short term: feeling of … about America, lack of … in the U.S. military

A

self-doubt; confidence

146
Q 
(legacy of the Vietnam war) long term: draft ended in ../ all ... military 
26th amendment (1973)- lowered ... to ..
A

1973; volunteer; voting age; 18

147
Q

(legacy of the Vietnam war) long term (more): war powers act (1973): president can only deploy military up to … in absence of: … by congress or other congressional …

A

60 days; declaration of war; authorization

148
Q

(agent orange) an herbicide (poison) used to … vietnamese jungles to deny … used by VC and NVA, over … of Vietnam’s jungles were sprayed

A

defoliate; cover; 17%

149
Q

(agent orange) still causes … today: it seeped into …

A

birth defects; groundwater

150
Q

(unexploded ordinance) millions of unexploded …/… still litter Vietnam, vietnam says … have been … or … since 1975

A

bombs; shells; 100,000; killed; maimed

US2H (15 decks)

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