ch 29 key terms Flashcards by Gail I

(central powers) germany and austria-hungary, later joined by … and …, made up this alliance against the Allies in World War I.

turkey and bulgaria

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(allies) great britain, russia, and france, later joined by …, …, and the …, formed this alliance against the central powers in world war i

italy; japan; united states

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(u-boats) german submarines, named for the german unterseeboot, proved deadly for allied ships in the war zone. u-boat attacks played an important role in

drawing the U.S. into the First World War

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(lusitania) british passenger liner that sank after it was …. on May 7, 1915. it ended the lives of … people, including 128 americans, and pushed the United States closer to war

torpedoed by Germany; 1,198

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(zimmerman note) german foreign secretary arthur zimmerman had secretly proposed a german-mexican alliance against the united states. when the note was intercepted and published in …, it caused an uproar that made some americans

march 1917; more willing to enter the war

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(fourteen points) woodrow wilson’s proposal to … after World War I, calling for an end to …, widespread …, national …, and a new …

ensure peace; secret treaties; arms reduction; self-determination; league of nations

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(fourteen points) these points ensured rights for minorities and satisfied many groups, such as .. and …; representive of the Allies’ … and impacted the ….

liberal nations; anti-imperialists; moral ideas; treaty of versailles

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(committee on public information) a government office during WWI known popularly as the … for its chairman …., it was dedicated to winning everyday Americans’ support for the war effort. It regularly distributed …. and sent out an army of “four-minute men” to … and deliver “…”

creel committee; george creel; prowar propaganda; rally crowds; patriotic pep

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(Espionage act) a law prohibiting interference with the… and other acts of national “disloyalty.” together with the sedition act of 1918, which added penalties for abusing the government in …., it created a climate that was unfriendly to …

draft; writing; civil liberties

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(schenk v. united states) a supreme court decision that upheld the … and …, reasoning that freedom of speech could be curtailed when it posed a “clear and present danger” to the nation

espionage; sedition acts

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(schenk v. united states) insinuated that …. is of greater important than …

national security; an individual’s civil liberties

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(war industries board) headed by …, this federal agency coordinated … during WWI, setting …, allocaating …, and pushing companies to increase … and eliminate … Under the economic mobilization of the War Industries Board, industrial production in the U.S. increased …. during the war

Bernard Baruch; industrial production; production quotas; raw materials; efficiency; waste; 20 percent

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(war industries board) aided in …. during the war; resembled … policies; set a … for gov to follow in subsequent crises

organizing the US economy; communist economic; precedent

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(industrial workers of the world) IWW, also known as “…,” was a radical organization that sought to build “…” and advocated …. in defense of that goal

wobblies; one big union; industrial sabotage

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(industrial workers of the world) at its peak in 1923, it could claim … members and could gain the support of ….; particularly appealed to …. and to …, all of whom suffered from ….

100,000; 300,000; migratory workers in agriculture and lumbering; miners; horrific working conditions

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(industrial workers of the world) wobblies formed … during the war and after

strikes

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(great migration) the movement of … african americans from the rural south to the urban north and west in two major waves

6 million

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(great migration) the first wave, from WWI until the onset of the great depression, brought more than … to northern cities

1.5 million migrants

(great migration) from 1940 to 1970, another … left the south, pushed off the land by the … and lured north and west by hopes for greater … and more equitable ….

5 million; mechanization of cotton farming; economic opportunity; political participation

(great migration) after 1970, increasing numbers of African Americans trekked …. in what was called the …., as new jobs became more plentiful in the … than in the older …. and …. improved in the south

bacck to the South; New Great Migration; South; industrial cities; racial relations

(nineteenth amendment) this constitutional amendment, finallypassed by congress in … and ratified in …., gave women the right to … over seventy years after the first organized calls for ….

1919; 1920; vote; women’s suffrage in Seneca Falls, NY

(sheppard-towner maternity act) designed to appeal to …, this act provided federally financed instruction in …. and expanded the role of gov in …

new women voters; maternal and infant health care; family welfare

(sheppard-towner maternity act) the sheppard-towner maternity act was indicative of the unchanging … regarding women

stereotypes

(american expeditionary forces) the name given to the U.S. Army forced deployed to … in WWI commanded by …. and composed mostly of …

Europe; General John J. Persing; conscripts

(american expeditionary forces) because the U.S. entered the war so late, by the time the AEF was raised, trained, and deployed, the war was ...

in its last year

(american expeditionary forces) units of the AEF fought at ...in May and at .... and ... in June, its major engagements were at l.... (september 12-15) and the ... (september 26-november 11)

cantigny; chateau thierry; belleau wood; saint mihiel; meuse-argonne

(battle of chateau-thierry) the first significant .... in WWI-and, indeed, in any .... to weary french soliders, the american doughboys were an image of ...

U.S. engagement; European war; fresh and gleaming youth

(battle of chateau-thierry) battle showed how the U.S. contributed

"decisive military weight."

(meuse-argonne offensive) general John J. ("Black Jack") Pershing led american troops in this effort to ... supplying the western front. one of the major battles that americans participated in during the entire war, it was still ...

cut the German railroad lines; under way when the war ended

(league of nations) a world organization of national governments proposed by president woodrow wilson and established by the treaty of versailles in 1919. it worked to facilitate .... despite emotional appeals by wilson, isolationists' objections to the league created the major .. to american signing of the treaty

peaceful international cooperation; obstacle

(treaty of versailles) signed in france's famed palace after ... of tough negotiations, it established the terms of settlement of the first war begtween germany and the allied and associated powers (most notably ..., ..., ..., and the ...)

6 months; france; britain; italy; United States

(treaty of versailles) article 231, soon dubbed "..." blamed the war on .. as justification for forcing German ... and saddling Germany with ... to the Allied victors

the war guilt clause; Germany; disarmament; reparations payments

(treaty of versailles) germans detested the treaty as too ..., the french feared it was too ... to prevent ..., and the U.S. Senate rejected it, largely because it obliged the U.S. to join the ...

harsh; weak; future aggression; league of nations

(irreconcilables) led by senators ... of idaho and ... of california, this was a hardcore group of militant isolationists who opposed the wilsonian dream of ... after world war i

william borah; hiram johnson; international cooperation in the league of nations

(irreconcilables) their efforts played an important part in preventing t

american participation in the international organization

(arthur zimmerman) german ... zimmerman authored the zimmermann note, in which he addressed mexico concerning the possibillity of ... for the purpose of ...

foreign secretary; aligning; defeating the U.S.

(arthur zimmerman) zimmermann's note was intended as a ... for Germany in the case that the U.S. was to enter the war in favor of the allies

safeguard

(george creel) creel, a ..., served as the ... through this organization, creel generated a substantial amount of proaganda that supported the ...

journalist; chairman of the Committee on public Information; allied war effort

(george creel) creel's work symbolized the way the U.S. "relied more on ... and ... than on ..." to gain support during the war

aroused passion; voluntary compliance; formal laws

(herbert c. hoover) hoover, a significant figure of the food administration, attempted to encourage civilians to limit their ..., as he opposed requiring citizens to conserve through ...

consumption of particular food products; legislation

(herbert c. hoover) he played a significant role in supplying Allies with enough ..., as well as in increasing ... in the U.S.

food; production

(henry cabot lodge) lodge, a republican who despised ..., was the chairman of the ... Lodge denounced the ..., presenting "..."

president wilson; senate committee on foreign relations; treaty of versailles; "fourteen formal reservations to it."

u-boat attacks peak in ...; ... ships attacked

1917; 3500

(new nations) ... from austria; .... from austria; .... from germany/austria/russia; ... from russia; ... from russia; .... from ottomans

yugoslavia; czechoslovakia; poland; finland; the baltic states; middle east mandates