Cold War Part 1 Flashcards
1
Q
(WWII: a deadly affair) … killed worldwide; … graduates from BHS
A
60 million; 72
2
Q
(WWII: a deadly affair) nations with highest military losses:
A
soviet union, germany, china, japan
3
Q
(WWII: a deadly affair) nations with highest civilian losses:
A
soviet union=china, germany, japan
4
Q
(war time conferences) yalta conference- feb 1945: … of Germany/ … trials
A
de-nazification; war crime
5
Q
(war time conferences) yalta conference-feb 1945: …. in germany
A
allied zones of occupation
6
Q
(war time conferences) yalta conference- feb 1945: free … in poland, bulgaria, romania (promise would be broken by …)
A
elections; soviets
7
Q
(war time conferences) yalta conference-feb 1945: new … for poland
A
borders
8
Q
(war time conferences) yalta conference-feb 1945: soviets would join war against Japan ….
A
3 months after German surrender
9
Q
(war time conferences) yalta conference-feb 1945: soviet joining against japan: soviets to receive … and …
A
Japanese Kurile Islands and Sakhalin I
10
Q
(war time conferences) potsdam conference- july 1945: Japan: … or …
A
surrender; be destroyed
11
Q
(war time conferences) potsdam conference- july 1945: finalized German/Polish ..
A
borders
12
Q
(war time conferences) potsdam conference-july 1945: recognized new soviet-established … (…)
A
government in Poland; betrayal
13
Q
(war time conferences) potsdam conference-july 1945: soviets to collect … from soviet zone in germany: .. and … equipment
A
reparations; labor; industrial
14
Q
(war time conferences) potsdam conference- july 1945: expulsion of .. outside of new … (… million)
A
germans; German borders; 12
15
Q
(Post-War Germany) germany divided into
A
four occupation zones
16
Q
(Post-War Germany) berlin divided into … as well
A
4 zones
17
Q
(A new world order) united nation: organized by …, 1st meeting in … in april …., attended by … nations
A
FDR; san francisco; 1945; 50
18
Q
(A new world order) united nations: … and .. agree to join- FDR got … before war ended
A
U.S.; soviet union; senate ok
19
Q
(united nations vs. league of nations): included a permanent …: …, …, …, .., ..
A
security council; US; Soviet Union; Britain; France; China
20
Q
(united nations vs. league of nations): each security council member given …
A
veto power
21
Q
(united nations vs. league of nations): SC veto power allayed concern of
A
losing sovereignty
22
Q
(united nations vs. league of nations): general assembly gives
A
small nations a voice
23
Q
(bretton woods conference-1944) western allies established the …. which encourages … and regulates …
A
international monetary fund (IMF); world trade; currency exchange rates
24
Q
(general agreement on tarrifs and trade (GATT)-1947) reduced … between member nations
A
trade barriers
25
(general agreement on tarrifs and trade (GATT)-1947) set groundwork for the ... of today
globalized economy
26
(nuremberg trials) nov 1945 through oct 1946: military ...
tribunals
27
(nuremberg trials) ... top Nazis put on trial for ".."
22; crimes against humanity
28
(nuremberg trials) top nazis receive: .., .., ... year sentences
death penalty; life imprisonment; 10-25
29
(nuremberg trials) ... more nazis in 2nd phase
200
30
(nuremberg trials) .... more nazis tried in regular ...
1600; military tribunals
31
(alliance frays) U.S. and Britain want: ... in Eastern Europe and a .., .. Germany
free nations; strong, united
32
(alliance frays) Soviet Union wants: Soviet control of ..., a .., ... Germany
eastern europe; weak; divided
33
(soviet concerns) suspicious of west: intervened in ... 1917-1921, soviet union was ... before WWII, long delay in ... (not until 1944)
russian civil war; isolated by world; invading france
34
(soviet concerns) invaded twice by ... in ....: want a ...
germany; last 30 years; buffer zone
35
(soviet concerns) country devastated by war: ... dead, ... and ... in ruins
20 million; cities; industry
36
(cold war) the international rivalry between
the U.S. and the Soviet Union
37
(cold war) marked by: ..., ... competition; ... race (... and ...), competiton for the minds and hearts of ..., "... wars"-- giving ... to different ..., no direct ...
espionage; economic; arms; conventional; nuclear; developing nations; proxy; arms; nations/groups; military conflict
38
(basis for conflict→opposing world views) soviet union: dictatorship- no ... or ..., communist- ... economy, no ...
free elections; dissent; state-planned; private property
39
(basis for conflict→opposing world views) united states: democracy- ... elections, freedom to ..., capitalism: free ..., ...
free; dissent; enterprise; private property
40
(superpowers) nations that are ..., ., and ... superior to all other nations
militarily; politically; economically
41
(superpowers) united states: ... by war, enormous ... base, ...
untouched; industrial; atomic bomb
42
(superpowers) soviet union: ... by war, but significant ... and enormous ... in .. and ...
devastated; industry; military; europe; asia
43
(iron curtain) the soviets create ... in most of eastern europe: technically ... but do what ...- 5 million ... in Eastern Europe said so!
puppet communist governments; independent; soviets tell them; veteran Soviet troops
44
(containment) george F. Kennan: U.S. ambassador to ..., expert on ..
soviets; soviets
45
(containment) kennan published an article july 1947: "The main element of any U.S. policy toward the Soviet Union must be that of long-term, patient but firm and vigilant ... of Russian ...
containment; expansive tendencies
46
(containment) containment: policy of keeping ... within its existing borders
communism contained
47
(containment) involves: ... not required, support .... governments, wait soviets out and they will ...
direct conflict; friendly; fail
48
(containment) this is not a policy to
convert communist nations
49
(Truman Doctrine-1947) Civil War in Greece: ... vs ...
pro-democracy; pro-communist
50
(Truman Doctrine-1947) turkey under pressure from the USSR for
concessions in the Dardanelles
51
(Truman Doctrine-1947) "The US should support ... throughout the world who were resisting takeovers by armed minorities or otside pressures...we must assist free peoples to work out their own ... in their own way."
free peoples; destinies
52
(Truman Doctrine-1947) truman doctrine: promised to help governments resist ...: give .. and ...-not ...
communist threats; money; materials; troops
53
(Truman Doctrine-1947) the U.S. gave Greece & Turkey ... in aid
$400 million
54
(Marshall plan-1948) economic aid provided to Europe to provide ... and ...
direct relief; rebuild the economy
55
(Marshall plan-1948) $13 billion of US aid: ... and ..., rebuild ..., ..., .../...
food; fuel; cities; businesses; roads/bridges
56
(Marshall plan-1948) why? prosperous europe will..., buy U.S. ../U.S needs ..., Soviet Union & puppets offered aid but ...
reject Communism;goods; trading partners; stalin said no
57
(Marshall plan-1948) ... george marshall
secretary of state
58
post war germany divided into
occupation zones
59
(berlin blockade) june 1948- stalin cuts off all ... to West Berlin- ... million people
land access; 2
60
(berlin blockade) options: U.S. & allies can use ... to force supplies through→result would be ...-U.S. would be ...
military; WWIII; blamed;
61
(berlin blockade) options: supply by ...→soviets could ..., but then Soviets blamed for ...
air; shoot planes down; WWIII
62
(berlin blockade & airlift) ... and stalin gave in
11 months
63
(the federal republic of germany-west germany) created in 1949 with the capital at ...
bonn
64
(the federal republic of germany-west germany) its army limited to ... (275,000)
12 divisions
65
(the federal republic of germany-west germany) konrad adenauer→1st ...
president
66
(the federal republic of germany-west germany) Adenauer: ... foreign policy, helped oversee German "..."→2017-4th largest ..
pro-western; economic miracle; economy
67
(North Atlantic Treaty Organization-1949) ..., .., ..., and other ... form a defensive alliance-NATO
U.S.; Canada; Britain; Western European democracies
68
(North Atlantic Treaty Organization-1949) pledge than an attack on one is an ..., aimed to meet ..
attack on all; soviet threat
69
(North Atlantic Treaty Organization-1949) still exists: expanded to include many former ..., mission is now to serve as a ... in the world
Soviet puppet states; stabilizing force
70
(Warsaw Pact-1955) soviets eventually respond with their own ... that includes ... of Eastern Europe
defensive alliance; puppet states
71
(Warsaw Pact-1955) theoretically, meant to defend against ..., but actually served to keep
NATO; puppets in line
72
(Harry Truman: "Give 'em Hell Harry") became president when FDR died in ..., ...
april 1945; unpopular
73
(Harry Truman: "Give 'em Hell Harry") some said too .. with soviets, others said too ...
aggressive; soft
74
(Harry Truman: "Give 'em Hell Harry") ... the military in 1948 by ...
desegregated; executive order
75
(election of 1948) Truman (democrat) vs. ... (republican)
thomas dewey
76
(election of 1948) dewey: popular ...
governor of New York
77
(election of 1948) truman wins both
popular and electoral
78
(Japan) New Constittion-1947: ... runs government- ... influence is purged
prime minister; military
79
(Japan) emperor is ...
figurehead
80
(Japan) renounced war as a ..., military for ... only
policy; defense
81
(Japan) pro-western foreign policy- strong U.S. ...→japanese "...", 2016-world's 3rd largest ...
ally; economic miracle; largest economy
82
(tokyo trials) april 1946 through nov 1946: military ...
tribunals
83
(tokyo trials) 28 top military and gov't officials put on trial for "....." and "...."
conspiring to plot and wage war; crimes against humanity
84
(tokyo trials) penalties included: ... (for 7 including ...); ....;... year sentences
death penalty; tojo; life imprisonment; 10-25
85
(tokyo trials) ... others tried for lesser crimes: mostly ...
5,700; prisoner abuse
86
(Soviets in Asia-1945) soviets invaded ... aug 9
japanese-held lands
87
(chinese civil war: 1945-49-proxy war) ... vs ...: Chiang Kai-Sheik vs. Mao Zedong
nationalists; communists
88
(chinese civil war: 1945-49-proxy war) nationalists: supported by ... through .. and ..., BUT ..., put money in own pockets
U.S.; money; weapons; corrupt
89
(chinese civil war: 1945-49-proxy war) communists: supported by ... through ... and ..., popular with ...: gave them ... and promised ...
soviets; money; weapons; people; good; communist paradise
90
(chinese civil war: 1945-49-proxy war) ... win
communists
91
(chinese civil war: 1945-49-proxy war) nationalists flee to ...
taiwan
92
(chinese civil war: 1945-49-proxy war) taiwan protection guaranteed by ...
U.S.
93
(chinese civil war: 1945-49-proxy war) still a problem between U.S. and China today: china considers taiwan ..., wants it back but U.S. ...
breakaway province; defending taiwain
94
(chinese civil war: 1945-49-proxy war) a 2nd great
communist power
95
(Korean War-1950-53) Kim il Sung: ... Korea- .../...
north; dictator/communist
96
(Korean War-1950-53) syngman rhee: ... korea-..../...
south; dictator/capitalist
97
(Korean War-1950-53) stage 1: jun 1950: north korea... and ... s.korea/US to .. perimeter (north winning)
invades; reduces; pusan perimeter
98
(Korean War-1950-53) stage 1: US never declared ...: truman sought action through ..., congress not ....,
war; United Nations; involved
99
(Korean War-1950-53) stage 1: U.S troops the majority of ... forces: soviets didn't overturn because they were boycotting UN due to ...
U.N.; lack of recognition of China
100
(Korean War-1950-53) stage 2: sept 1950: inchon landing pushes north up to ... near ... (south winning)
yalu river; chinese border
101
(Korean War-1950-53) stage 2: inchon landing was a daring maneuver planned by ...- the hero of ...
general macarthur; wwii
102
(Korean War-1950-53) stage 3: oct 1950-300,000 chinese "volunteers" ... and U.S. forces pushed below ... (north winning)
invade; original border
103
(Korean War-1950-53) stage 3: china felt ..., wanted to help communist "..."
threatened; little buddy
104
(Korean War-1950-53) macarthur: wanted a ..., invade ..., blockade ..., use ... troops
total war; china; coast of China; taiwanese
105
(Korean War-1950-53) truman: wanted ..., a war with .... in this case- keep south korea ..., macarthur was ... by truman
limited war; specific goals; independent; fired
106
(Korean War-1950-53) stage 4: jan 1951- south .... and pushes up to ... (south winning)
counterattacks; original border
107
(Korean War-1950-53) stage 5: july 1951-july 1953: ... along original border
stalemate
108
(Korean War-1950-53) ceasefire: july 1953-present: no ... to this day; ... americans killed, ... from BHS
peace treaty; 38,000; 25
109
(Korean War-1950-53) significance for US history: ... in action, birth of ... as a US policy, expanded powers for .. (de facto)
containment; limited war; president
110
(Korean War-1950-53) significance for world today: north/south korean border- "most ... in world": ... u.s troops stilll in south korea
dangerous place; 30,000
111
(Korean War-1950-53) significance for world today: north trying to develop ..., north's supreme leader Kim Jong Un only ... ears old- grandson of ...
nuclear weapons; 33; Kim il sung
112
(arms race) premier nikita khrushchev: new ..., stalind died ...: "history is on our side. we will ..." (message to ...)
soviet leader; 1953; bury you; capitalists
113
(arms race-nuclear age) soviets detonated their atomic bomb in ..., had stolen many ...
sept 1949; nuclear secrets
114
(arms race-nuclear age) truman ordered the development of the ..., an atomic weapon that used different ..-... more powerful than Hiroshima bomb
hydrogen bomb; detonation technology; 100x
115
(arms race-nuclear age) u.s. successfully tested H-bomb in ...
1952
116
(arms race-nuclear age) soviets followed (h-bomb) in ...
1953
117
(arms race-nuclear age) arms race: the contest in which nations compete to build ever more
powerful weapons
118
(M.A.D) why did the cold war remain cold?→Mutually Assured Destruction (M.A.D): the policy in which the U.S. and Soviets hoped to deter nuclear war by building enough nuclear weapons to
completely destroy each other
119
Doomsday Clock: after the soviets tested their H-bomb in 1953: the clock was moved to
2 minutes to midnight
120
Eisenhower: wins presidential election of ... (republican)
192
121
Eisenhower: agreed with ..., disliked conflicts like ...-too ..., installed policy of ...
containment policy; korea; costly; massive retaliation
122
massive retaliation: the U.S. would respond to aggression with ... including ...
massive force; nuclear weapons
123
massive retaliation: inability to help the 1956 hungarian uprising revealed ... of this strategy: was hungary worth nuclear war?
shortcomings
124
(space race) oct 1957: soviets launch ..., 1st space ..., ...
sputnik; satellite; unmanned
125
(space race) us feared soviets could drop
nuclear bombs from space
126
(space race) u.s. actions: national aeronautics and space administration (NASA): to coordinate the space-related efforts of ... and the ....
scientists; military
127
(space race) national defense education act: ... dedicated to promote ...
$1 billlion; science education
128
(arms race) by the end of the 1950s, nuclear weapons could be delivered by: ..., ... from ...(intercontinental ballistic missiles-ICBMs), ... from ...
plane; missiles; land; missiles; submarines
129
(arms race) by 1960: us had ... nuclear warheads, soviets had ... nuclear warheads: ... bombs for every US. state
20,000; 1,600; 32
130
(other efforts) the central intelligence agency-CIA: established in 1947 by Truman as an
intelligence-gathering organization
131
(other efforts) eisenhower adds second mission to CIA-
secret operations
132
(other efforts) in 1953, the CIA helped overthrow an unfriendly but popular government in ...: re-installs U.S. ally- "...."
iran; the shah
133
(other efforts) in 1979, a popular revolt overthrows the
shah
134
(early developments) truman created the loyalty review board via executive order 9835 (1947): 3 million federal workers investigated for ..., 3,000 ... or ... without formal ...
communist sympathies; resigned; dismissed; indictment
135
(early developments) motive of loyalty review board: truman wanted to quiet critics who said he was ..., but put in precautions to avoid a "..."
soft on communism; witch hunt
136
(early developments) mcCarran Internal Security Act-1950: authorized the president to ... and ... suspicious person during an "...."
arrest; detain; internal security emergency
137
(early developments) mccarran internal security act: communists had to register with the ..
us. attorney general
138
(early developments) mccarran internal security act: banned picketing outside ...
federal courthouses
139
(early developments) mccarran internal security act: passed over truman's ..., "the greatest danger to freedom of speech, press, and assembly since the alien and sedition laws of 1798" " a mockery of the bill of rights" "a long step toward totalitarianism"
veto
140
(ethel and Julius Rosenberg) communists in the
1930s
141
(ethel and Julius Rosenberg) julius worked at fort monmoth, NJ for the ... as an ... during WWII
army; engineer
142
(ethel and Julius Rosenberg) ethel's brother (david greenglass) worked on the ... in los alamos, NM
manhattan project
143
(ethel and Julius Rosenberg) julius and greenglass recruited as ... by ... during WWII
spies; soviets
144
(ethel and Julius Rosenberg) arrested in
june 1950
145
(ethel and Julius Rosenberg) greengalss had passed ... to julius rosenbert who passed these on to the ...
atomic secrets; soviets
146
(ethel and Julius Rosenberg) greenglass cooperated and testified that his sister ethel was
aware of the affair
147
(ethel and Julius Rosenberg) greenglass received ... years in prison
15
148
(House Un-American Activities Committee-HUAC) 1938-1975: originally inteded to root out
nazi sympathizers
149
(House Un-American Activities Committee-HUAC) from 1945: focused on rooting out
communists
150
(House Un-American Activities Committee-HUAC) republican ..., from California, one of leading congressmen
richard m. nixon
151
(House Un-American Activities Committee-HUAC) whittaker chambers-foregn desk editor of ...: caught as a ... in 1948
time magazine; soviet spy
152
(House Un-American Activities Committee-HUAC) chambers named ..., a ..., as a soviet spy
alger hiss; state department official
153
(House Un-American Activities Committee-HUAC) hiss denied the charges and no
evidence was produced
154
(House Un-American Activities Committee-HUAC) hiss lied in his testimony before HUAC and convicted of ...: served .. years in prison
perjury; 3.5
155
(House Un-American Activities Committee-HUAC) significance: puts .. in headlines: moved up to ..., Ike's ... in 1952, future ...
Nixon; Senate; VP; POTUS
156
(House Un-American Activities Committee-HUAC) significane: nixon using committee to promote himself as
anti-communist crusader
157
(hollywood blacklist) hundreds of movie industry professionals were ...: stars, directors, screenwriters, musicians, etc.
haulted before the HUAC
158
(hollywood blacklist) asked about ... or past involvement with the ...
communist sympathies; communist party
159
(hollywood blacklist) ten people cited their ...
1st amendment rights to free speech
160
(hollywood blacklist) result: ten artists were "blacklisted"-- banned from ...., including ... "Johnny Got His Gun"
working in the industry; dalton trumbo
161
(hollywood blacklist) hundreds of others later affected- had to/wanted to ...:
... - "War of the World" radio broadcaster/"Citizen Kane"
....-wrote "Brother Can You Spare a Dime"
....- "The Tramp" of the Silent Era of Film
leave the US; Orson Welles; YIP Harbargh; Charlie Chaplin
162
(hollywood blacklist) "The most ... thing in the country"- 1959: former president .. regarding ...
un-American; Truman; HUAC
163
(McCarthyism: 1950-54) Sen Joseph McCarthy: republican from ....
wisconsin
164
(McCarthyism: 1950-54) mccarthy claimed secretary of state Dean Acheson "knowingly employs ...." but when pressed, backed off and said it was really ... but he had a ..., would not share it publicly
203 communists; 57; list
165
(McCarthyism: 1950-54) mcCarthy's "reign of terror" lasted 1950-54: moderate voices "cowed" out of fear of being ..., had de facto power over ....-purges cost state department many ...
labeled a communist; state department appointments; valuable personnel
166
(McCarthy's downfall) in 1954, McCarthy went after the ..., described former Army Chieff of Staff (WWII) and Secretary of State George C. Marshall as "part of a conspiracy so immense and an infamy so black as to dwarf any previous venture in the history of man"
United States Army
167
(McCarthy's downfall) Army-McCarthy Hearings-Spring 1954: ... days of hearings, ...
35 days; televised
168
(McCarthy's downfall) mcCarthy's brutish methods ..., the public ..., officially ... by the senate by ..., died of ... at age 48 in 1957
exposed; turned against him; censured; vote; alcoholism
169
(mcCarthyism today?) sen. ted cruz accused the harvard law school of "harboring a dozen ... on its faculty when I studied there" from 1992 until 1995, grilled secretary of defense nominee chuck hagel in 2012, implying that hagel took money from ...
communists; North Korea
170
(the economy) post-war blues: GDP fell by ... in 1946, flat in 1947, prices rose .. in 1947
10%; 33%
171
(the economy) employment act of 1946: codified offical government policy to maximize: ..., ..., ... (...)
employment; production; purchasing power (inflation)
172
(the economy) employment act of 1946: truman created .... attached to the white house
council of economic advisors
173
(the economy) significance of employment act: solidified new deal expectation that the federal government should
be involved in the economy
174
(the economy) millions of young men leaving the military after the war: most had little or no
work experience
175
(the economy) the servicemen's readjustment act of 1944: commonly called the ... (courtesy of FDR)
G.I. Bill
176
(the economy) G.I. Bill: ... per week for ... weeks after discharge, free ... for college or vocational/technical school: ... million took advantage, gov't guaranteed low interest loans for ..., .., and ...
$20; 52 weeks; tuition; 8; home; farms; businesses
177
(post-war boom: 1950-1970) sustained ... growth, national income ... in 1950s, nearly ... again in 1960s
GDP; doubled; doubled
178
(post-war boom: 1950-1970) americans were ... of world population yet owned ... of the world's wealth
6%; 40%
179
(post-war boom: 1950-1970) the middle class doubled from ... (1920s) to ...
30%; 60%
180
(post-war boom: 1950-1970) union membership peaked at ... of workers in 1954
35%
181
(post-war boom: 1950-1970) taft-hartley act (1947) weakened ..
union requirements
182
(post-war boom: 1950-1970) union membership at ... in 2014
11%
183
(post-war boom: 1950-1970) reason for boom: U.S. ... by war, cheap ...: u.s. and british oil companies exploited ..., ... spending (10% of GDP), worker ... increases: more ... population, ..., ..., ..
unravaged; energy; oil producing nations; defense; productivity; educated; technology; transistors; computers
184
(baby boomers) ... million babies born 1946-1964, ...-....% of current U.S. population
75; 20-25%
185
(baby boomers) why? returning soldiers wanted to "..." and have a "..." after horrors of war ; remember their own tough ... childhood; ... and ... in post-war economy
settle down; nice family; depression-era; optimism; opportunity
186
fertility rate: 1958- ..., 2014-...
3.6, 1.88
187
(generations) the greatest generation (1901-1927)(1915-27): childhood/youth/young adults: ....
fought in ...
parents in the .../....
great depression; wwii; 1950s/1960s
188
(generations) the silent generation (1927-1945): teenagers of ..., ... war
1950s; korean
189
(generations) baby boomers (1946-1964): grade school in ..., teenagers/college kids of ... (hippies)
1950s/1960s; 1960s/70s
190
(generations) generation X:
1965-1980)
191
(generations) generation Y: (...) (1981-2001)
millenials
192
(generations) generation Z (....)
2002-?
193
(the suburbs) millions moved ot the suburbs in pursuit of the "...": own your own ..., more space for ..., a yard, grass, trees, white picket fence
american dream; home; growing families
194
(the suburbs) who? ..., ... workers, skilled ...-overwhelmingly ...
war vets; white-collar; blue collar workers; white
195
(the suburbs) redlining: discriminatory practice in which banks, insurance companies, etc, refuse someone because they live in areas that are considered to be of
financial risk
196
(the suburbs) how? generous federal loans for .., small .../...
vets; down payment; low interest
197
(the suburbs) "white flight" to suburbs left lower income people in cities which led to ...; poor ... and ...
urban decay; whites; african-americans
198
(the suburbs) movie representing plights of americans:
the man in the gray flannel suit
199
(the suburbs) tract housing- uniform/similar houses built by a
developer and sold on speculation
200
(the suburbs) tract housing: levitt brothers were ..., used efficient ... developed during WW2 in field of ...:
levittown NY, Levittown NJ, Levittown PA
pioneers; assembly line techniques; house construction
201
(sun belt) millions started moving to the sun belt for: ..., ..., low ..,
jobs; climate; taxes
202
(sun belt) rust belt today:
michigan throgh western PA
203
(interstate system) federal highway act of 1956: $27 billion to build ... miles of wide, fast ...
42,000; motorways
204
(interstate system) ike inspired by
german autobahns
205
(interstate system) primary purpose to move ...
troops easily in case of Soviet attack
206
(interstate system) impact: facilitated migration to ... and ...:, but: hurt ... industry/ increased ... and ..
suburbs; sun belt; passenger train; energy use; pollution
207
(television) no real television broadcasts in 1930s and early 1940s due to
depressiona nd war
208
(television) late 1940s: rich people's
novelty
209
(television) 1946: ... tv stations/ 1956: ... stations
6; 442
210
(television) ... million sold in 1951
7
211
(television) by 1960, virtually all american homes had one, color tvs spread in the
1960s
212
(television) family shows:
"father knows best"
| "leave it to Beaver"
213
(television) comedy shows:
"I Love Lucy"
| "The Honeymooners"
214
(television) variety shows
the ed sullivan show
215
(television) game shows:
what's my line?
| The $64,000 question
216
(television) kid shows:
the howdy doody show
| the mickey mouse club
217
(nixon on tv) the checkers speech: sen. richard nixon had been chosen to be eisenhower's running mate on the republican presidential ticket in ..., but in Sept, reports of an ... slush fund put together by ... came to light
1952; $18,000; nixon supporters
218
(nixon on tv) the republican nat'l committee bought ... minutes of airtime on national tv: significance- saved nixon's spot as ..., first use of tv by politician to make ...
30 ; VP; direct appeal to the public
219
(1950s movies) cold war fears reflected in ...: ..., ...
science fiction: Body Snatchers, The Day the Earth Stood Still
220
(Teens of the 1950s:) The silent generation (1928-1945): first generation of teens that had ..., no child ... (outlawed 1937), most not ..., no "..." war, ... economy
leisure time; labor; farmers; hot; prosperous
221
(music) the parents (greatest generation): loved ...- continuation of ..., popular with many ... too
frank sinatra; jazz age; teens
222
(music) frank sinatra sang from the ....: tunes written ...: geoge gershwin, irving berlin, johnny mercer, cole porter, rogers and hart; sung by ...
Great American Songbook; 1920-1960; many artists
223
(early rock and roll) many african-americans listened to "..." (roy brown--...)
Rhythm & blues; good rockin' at midnight
224
(early rock and roll) Rhythm and blues: ... oriented, yet with ... more prominent; music, like american society, was ...: most americans (...%) ..., or not ...
jazz; guitar; segregated; 91; unaware; interested
225
(early rock and roll) the electric guitar was invented in ...: acoustic guitar hard to hear amongst ...
1931; Big Bands
226
(early rock and roll) by early 1950s, white southerners start to pick up on this "..." they had been playing guitar for ...
sound; country music
227
(early rock and roll) bill haley and the comets: former country band performed "....": featured as oppening song to "...." film
Rock Around the Clock; Blackboard Jungle
228
(early rock and roll) bill haley and the comets: kicked off national interest in music now known as "...." 1955
rock and roll
229
(early rock and roll) teens wanted a ... of their own and wanted to rebel against ...
music; rigid social norms
230
(early rock and roll) alan freed- a...in cleveland: noticed white teenagers were buying "..." rhythm and blues records
radio host; black
231
(early rock and roll) freed promoted these songs on the ..., dubbed the music "....", organized ... and ...
air; rock and roll; tours; films
232
(early rock and roll) elvis presley: ... years old, from Tupelo, Mississippi, recorded regional hit "...." 1954, elvis sang in the manner of ... artists but was ..., and ..., which made him instantly appealing to millions of .. (guys wanted to be him)
19; That's Alright Mama; African-American rhythm and blues; white; handsome; teenage girls
233
(chuck berry) guitar ..., wrote ... and ... about ..., ...,and ...; signifiacne: established the guitar as the ...
virtuoso; music; lyrics; girls; cars; school; core instrument of rock and roll
234
(john f. kennedy) election of 1960: john f. kennedy: democrat, us. ... from ...
senator; massachusetts
235
(john f. kennedy) election of 1960: richard m. nixon: republican, eisenhower's ..., former senator from ...
vp; california
236
(john f. kennedy) election of 1960: landmark election: 1st time both candidates born in ...
20th century
237
(john f. kennedy) kennedy's religion was an issue: he was a ..., u.s. never had a ... president: many feared he would take orders from the ...
roman catholic; catholic; pope
238
(john f. kennedy) first televised ...: tv only about .. years old, TV ... played a decisive role in the ...
presidential debates; 10; debates; outcome
239
(john f. kennedy) JFK offered america a "...", visited ... on Sept 12, 1960
new frontier; newark
240
(john f. kennedy) when MLK in jail, Senator JFK convinced local authorities to: take mlk out of ..., given access to ... and ...
solitary confinement; lawyers; wife
241
(john f. kennedy) visited big city bosses to "...."
get out the vote
242
(john f. kennedy) Nixon: dissipated his energies by ..., emphasized his ...
campaigning in all 50 states; experience
243
(john f. kennedy) popular vote: only ... vote difference but Kennedy wins!
120,000
244
(john f. kennedy) only a few thousand votes in ... and ... gave JFK the victory: evidence Kennedy campaign greased money from the ... and the ... in Chicago
illinois; texas; mafia; teamster union
245
(john f. kennedy) lyndon johnson (JFK running mate): senator from ... (helped JFK get votes in ...)
texas; south
246
(kennedy's agenda) peace corps: goal: to promoe ... and ....
world peace; friendship
247
(kennedy's agenda) peace corps: how? volunteers work in ... countries- ... assistance, ..., ... services
third world; technical; education; health
248
(kennedy's agenda) peace corps: committed resoures to ...: set 1970 as the goal for an american ..., introduced ... legislation
space exploration; on the moon; Civil Rights
249
(bay of pigs invasion) background: cuba went ... in 1959 under ...: u.s. businesses lost ... in the revolution, a soviet ally only ... from florida
communist; fidel castro; millions; 90 miles
250
(bay of pigs invasion) pres. eisenhower and CIA plotted to train .... to ... Cuba and ... Castro
Cuban exiles; invade; otherthrow
251
(bay of pigs invasion) kennedy inherited this plan, and the CIA convinced him to launch it; april 1961: 1,400 CIA trained Cuban exiles invade Cuba at the ..., a massive ...: ... are ... or ...
Bay of Pigs; failure; 1100; killed; captured
252
(bay of pigs invasion) why a failure? kennedy called off U.S. ... at last minute out of concern for ..., in reality, ... and ... on many levels
air support; angering the soviets; ill-conceived; poorly planned
253
(berlin crisis) west berlin was a ... and ... oasis in a Communist East Germany: ... million East Germans had escaped to the ... by 1961
free; prosperous; 3.5; west
254
(berlin crisis) bberlin wall erected in ..: significantly increased ..., JFK visited West Berlin in June 1963 to demonstrate ...
aug 1961; cold war tensions; u.s. support for west germany
255
(cuban missile crisis) in oct 1962, U.S. aerial reconnaissance photos revealed that the Soviets had secretly placed
nuclear missiles on Cuba
256
(cuban missile crisis) missiles launched from Cuba would hit washington, D.C. in
10 minutes
257
(cuban missile crisis) after jfk speech, on oct 22: ... days of high tension negotiations: ...in effect/ U.S. poised to .... Cuba and Soviet Union- U.S. plane ..., U.S. Navy attacks a Soviet ..
6; blockade; attack; shot down submarine
258
(cuban missile crisis) oct 27: JFK sends last offer to ..., u.s. ready to ....on ...
Khrushchev/Soviets; invade; 10/28
259
(cuban missile crisis) khrushchev .... kennedy's offer
accepts
260
(cuban missile crisis) the deal: U.S. promises to ..., soviets will remove their ....
never invade Cuba; nuclear missiles from Cuba
261
(cuban missile crisis) secret part of the deal: U.S. agrees to remove nuclear missiles from .... and ...
Turkey; Italy
262
(cuban missile crisis) who won? the world: A .... established in 1963, above ground .... signed in 1963
washington-moscow hotline; nuclear test ban
263
(cuban missile crisis) Kennedy/U.S.: Soviet missiles were ..., U.S. missiles in Turkey/Italy were a secret
JFK's approval rating went from ... to ...
removed; 66%; 77%
264
(cuban missile crisis) khrushchev removed from power
2 years later
265
(JFK goes to Dallas) prime reason was to smooth over internal .... before 1964 re-election, also went to promote the
Democratic Party politics; space program
266
(cuban missile crisis) map shows Kennedy's ... through dallas the next day- nov 22
motorcade route
267
(JFK assassination) JFK was president for ... years, ... months, ... days
2; 10; 2
268
(JFK assassination) november 22, 1963: JFK was in dallas, tx on a mainly .... trip
JFK was ... while travelling in an ... through ...
political; shot; open car; Dealey Plaza
269
(JFK assassination) Lee Harvey Oswald was arrested 1 hr. later- after ....- and was the main suspect in the assassination
shooting a Dallas police officer
270
(JFK assassination) who was oswald? born in ..., former ...: rated a "..."
defected to the ... in 1960: worked in a .., Soviets thought he was "...."
returned to the US: got a job in the ... in Dallas
1939; U.S. Marine; sharpshooter; Soviet Union; factory; unstable; Texas Book Depository warehouse
271
(JFK assassination) two days later (nov 24): ... - a Dallas "businessman": ... and ... Oswald in the Dallas Police Station
Jack Ruby; shot; killed
272
(JFK assassination) JFK was buried on Nov 25 in
Arlington National Cemetery
273
(JFK assassination) The Warren Commission: appointed by ... nov 29
this panel, chaired by Chief Justice ..., investigated the assassination
President Johnson; Earl Warren
274
(JFK assassination) in sept 1964 it issued an ... page report:
- oswald ... and ... JFK
- Ruby ... and ... Oswald
- each acted ...
889; shot; killed; shot; killed; alone
