Cold War Part 1 Flashcards by Gail I

(WWII: a deadly affair) … killed worldwide; … graduates from BHS

60 million; 72

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(WWII: a deadly affair) nations with highest military losses:

soviet union, germany, china, japan

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(WWII: a deadly affair) nations with highest civilian losses:

soviet union=china, germany, japan

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(war time conferences) yalta conference- feb 1945: … of Germany/ … trials

de-nazification; war crime

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(war time conferences) yalta conference-feb 1945: …. in germany

allied zones of occupation

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(war time conferences) yalta conference- feb 1945: free … in poland, bulgaria, romania (promise would be broken by …)

elections; soviets

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(war time conferences) yalta conference-feb 1945: new … for poland

borders

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(war time conferences) yalta conference-feb 1945: soviets would join war against Japan ….

3 months after German surrender

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(war time conferences) yalta conference-feb 1945: soviet joining against japan: soviets to receive … and …

Japanese Kurile Islands and Sakhalin I

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(war time conferences) potsdam conference- july 1945: Japan: … or …

surrender; be destroyed

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(war time conferences) potsdam conference- july 1945: finalized German/Polish ..

borders

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(war time conferences) potsdam conference-july 1945: recognized new soviet-established … (…)

government in Poland; betrayal

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(war time conferences) potsdam conference-july 1945: soviets to collect … from soviet zone in germany: .. and … equipment

reparations; labor; industrial

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(war time conferences) potsdam conference- july 1945: expulsion of .. outside of new … (… million)

germans; German borders; 12

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(Post-War Germany) germany divided into

four occupation zones

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(Post-War Germany) berlin divided into … as well

4 zones

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(A new world order) united nation: organized by …, 1st meeting in … in april …., attended by … nations

FDR; san francisco; 1945; 50

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(A new world order) united nations: … and .. agree to join- FDR got … before war ended

U.S.; soviet union; senate ok

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(united nations vs. league of nations): included a permanent …: …, …, …, .., ..

security council; US; Soviet Union; Britain; France; China

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(united nations vs. league of nations): each security council member given …

veto power

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(united nations vs. league of nations): SC veto power allayed concern of

losing sovereignty

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(united nations vs. league of nations): general assembly gives

small nations a voice

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(bretton woods conference-1944) western allies established the …. which encourages … and regulates …

international monetary fund (IMF); world trade; currency exchange rates

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(general agreement on tarrifs and trade (GATT)-1947) reduced … between member nations

trade barriers

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(general agreement on tarrifs and trade (GATT)-1947) set groundwork for the … of today

globalized economy

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(nuremberg trials) nov 1945 through oct 1946: military …

tribunals

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(nuremberg trials) … top Nazis put on trial for “..”

22; crimes against humanity

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(nuremberg trials) top nazis receive: .., .., … year sentences

death penalty; life imprisonment; 10-25

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(nuremberg trials) … more nazis in 2nd phase

200

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(nuremberg trials) …. more nazis tried in regular …

1600; military tribunals

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(alliance frays) U.S. and Britain want: … in Eastern Europe and a .., .. Germany

free nations; strong, united

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(alliance frays) Soviet Union wants: Soviet control of …, a .., … Germany

eastern europe; weak; divided

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(soviet concerns) suspicious of west: intervened in … 1917-1921, soviet union was … before WWII, long delay in … (not until 1944)

russian civil war; isolated by world; invading france

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(soviet concerns) invaded twice by … in ….: want a …

germany; last 30 years; buffer zone

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(soviet concerns) country devastated by war: … dead, … and … in ruins

20 million; cities; industry

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(cold war) the international rivalry between

the U.S. and the Soviet Union

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(cold war) marked by: …, … competition; … race (… and …), competiton for the minds and hearts of …, “… wars”– giving … to different …, no direct …

espionage; economic; arms; conventional; nuclear; developing nations; proxy; arms; nations/groups; military conflict

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(basis for conflict→opposing world views) soviet union: dictatorship- no … or …, communist- … economy, no …

free elections; dissent; state-planned; private property

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(basis for conflict→opposing world views) united states: democracy- … elections, freedom to …, capitalism: free …, …

free; dissent; enterprise; private property

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(superpowers) nations that are …, ., and … superior to all other nations

militarily; politically; economically

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(superpowers) united states: … by war, enormous … base, …

untouched; industrial; atomic bomb

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(superpowers) soviet union: … by war, but significant … and enormous … in .. and …

devastated; industry; military; europe; asia

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(iron curtain) the soviets create … in most of eastern europe: technically … but do what …- 5 million … in Eastern Europe said so!

puppet communist governments; independent; soviets tell them; veteran Soviet troops

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(containment) george F. Kennan: U.S. ambassador to …, expert on ..

soviets; soviets

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(containment) kennan published an article july 1947: “The main element of any U.S. policy toward the Soviet Union must be that of long-term, patient but firm and vigilant … of Russian …

containment; expansive tendencies

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(containment) containment: policy of keeping … within its existing borders

communism contained

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(containment) involves: … not required, support …. governments, wait soviets out and they will …

direct conflict; friendly; fail

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(containment) this is not a policy to

convert communist nations

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(Truman Doctrine-1947) Civil War in Greece: … vs …

pro-democracy; pro-communist

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(Truman Doctrine-1947) turkey under pressure from the USSR for

concessions in the Dardanelles

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(Truman Doctrine-1947) “The US should support … throughout the world who were resisting takeovers by armed minorities or otside pressures…we must assist free peoples to work out their own … in their own way.”

free peoples; destinies

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(Truman Doctrine-1947) truman doctrine: promised to help governments resist …: give .. and …-not …

communist threats; money; materials; troops

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(Truman Doctrine-1947) the U.S. gave Greece & Turkey … in aid

$400 million

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(Marshall plan-1948) economic aid provided to Europe to provide … and …

direct relief; rebuild the economy

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(Marshall plan-1948) $13 billion of US aid: … and …, rebuild …, …, …/…

food; fuel; cities; businesses; roads/bridges

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(Marshall plan-1948) why? prosperous europe will…, buy U.S. ../U.S needs …, Soviet Union & puppets offered aid but …

reject Communism;goods; trading partners; stalin said no

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(Marshall plan-1948) … george marshall

secretary of state

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post war germany divided into

occupation zones

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(berlin blockade) june 1948- stalin cuts off all … to West Berlin- … million people

land access; 2

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(berlin blockade) options: U.S. & allies can use … to force supplies through→result would be …-U.S. would be …

military; WWIII; blamed;

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(berlin blockade) options: supply by …→soviets could …, but then Soviets blamed for …

air; shoot planes down; WWIII

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(berlin blockade & airlift) … and stalin gave in

11 months

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(the federal republic of germany-west germany) created in 1949 with the capital at …

bonn

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(the federal republic of germany-west germany) its army limited to … (275,000)

12 divisions

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(the federal republic of germany-west germany) konrad adenauer→1st …

president

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(the federal republic of germany-west germany) Adenauer: … foreign policy, helped oversee German “…“→2017-4th largest ..

pro-western; economic miracle; economy

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(North Atlantic Treaty Organization-1949) …, .., …, and other … form a defensive alliance-NATO

U.S.; Canada; Britain; Western European democracies

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(North Atlantic Treaty Organization-1949) pledge than an attack on one is an …, aimed to meet ..

attack on all; soviet threat

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(North Atlantic Treaty Organization-1949) still exists: expanded to include many former …, mission is now to serve as a … in the world

Soviet puppet states; stabilizing force

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(Warsaw Pact-1955) soviets eventually respond with their own … that includes … of Eastern Europe

defensive alliance; puppet states

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(Warsaw Pact-1955) theoretically, meant to defend against …, but actually served to keep

NATO; puppets in line

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(Harry Truman: “Give ‘em Hell Harry”) became president when FDR died in …, …

april 1945; unpopular

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(Harry Truman: “Give ‘em Hell Harry”) some said too .. with soviets, others said too …

aggressive; soft

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(Harry Truman: “Give ‘em Hell Harry”) … the military in 1948 by …

desegregated; executive order

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(election of 1948) Truman (democrat) vs. … (republican)

thomas dewey

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(election of 1948) dewey: popular …

governor of New York

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(election of 1948) truman wins both

popular and electoral

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(Japan) New Constittion-1947: … runs government- … influence is purged

prime minister; military

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(Japan) emperor is …

figurehead

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(Japan) renounced war as a …, military for … only

policy; defense

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(Japan) pro-western foreign policy- strong U.S. …→japanese “…”, 2016-world’s 3rd largest …

ally; economic miracle; largest economy

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(tokyo trials) april 1946 through nov 1946: military …

tribunals

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(tokyo trials) 28 top military and gov’t officials put on trial for “…..” and “….”

conspiring to plot and wage war; crimes against humanity

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(tokyo trials) penalties included: … (for 7 including …); ….;… year sentences

death penalty; tojo; life imprisonment; 10-25

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(tokyo trials) … others tried for lesser crimes: mostly …

5,700; prisoner abuse

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(Soviets in Asia-1945) soviets invaded … aug 9

japanese-held lands

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(chinese civil war: 1945-49-proxy war) … vs …: Chiang Kai-Sheik vs. Mao Zedong

nationalists; communists

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(chinese civil war: 1945-49-proxy war) nationalists: supported by … through .. and …, BUT …, put money in own pockets

U.S.; money; weapons; corrupt

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(chinese civil war: 1945-49-proxy war) communists: supported by … through … and …, popular with …: gave them … and promised …

soviets; money; weapons; people; good; communist paradise

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(chinese civil war: 1945-49-proxy war) … win

communists

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(chinese civil war: 1945-49-proxy war) nationalists flee to …

taiwan

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(chinese civil war: 1945-49-proxy war) taiwan protection guaranteed by …

U.S.

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(chinese civil war: 1945-49-proxy war) still a problem between U.S. and China today: china considers taiwan …, wants it back but U.S. …

breakaway province; defending taiwain

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(chinese civil war: 1945-49-proxy war) a 2nd great

communist power

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(Korean War-1950-53) Kim il Sung: … Korea- …/…

north; dictator/communist

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(Korean War-1950-53) syngman rhee: … korea-…./…

south; dictator/capitalist

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(Korean War-1950-53) stage 1: jun 1950: north korea… and … s.korea/US to .. perimeter (north winning)

invades; reduces; pusan perimeter

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(Korean War-1950-53) stage 1: US never declared …: truman sought action through …, congress not ….,

war; United Nations; involved

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(Korean War-1950-53) stage 1: U.S troops the majority of … forces: soviets didn’t overturn because they were boycotting UN due to …

U.N.; lack of recognition of China

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(Korean War-1950-53) stage 2: sept 1950: inchon landing pushes north up to … near … (south winning)

yalu river; chinese border

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(Korean War-1950-53) stage 2: inchon landing was a daring maneuver planned by …- the hero of …

general macarthur; wwii

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(Korean War-1950-53) stage 3: oct 1950-300,000 chinese “volunteers” … and U.S. forces pushed below … (north winning)

invade; original border

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(Korean War-1950-53) stage 3: china felt …, wanted to help communist “…”

threatened; little buddy

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(Korean War-1950-53) macarthur: wanted a …, invade …, blockade …, use … troops

total war; china; coast of China; taiwanese

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(Korean War-1950-53) truman: wanted …, a war with …. in this case- keep south korea …, macarthur was … by truman

limited war; specific goals; independent; fired

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(Korean War-1950-53) stage 4: jan 1951- south …. and pushes up to … (south winning)

counterattacks; original border

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(Korean War-1950-53) stage 5: july 1951-july 1953: … along original border

stalemate

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(Korean War-1950-53) ceasefire: july 1953-present: no … to this day; … americans killed, … from BHS

peace treaty; 38,000; 25

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(Korean War-1950-53) significance for US history: … in action, birth of … as a US policy, expanded powers for .. (de facto)

containment; limited war; president

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(Korean War-1950-53) significance for world today: north/south korean border- “most … in world”: … u.s troops stilll in south korea

dangerous place; 30,000

(Korean War-1950-53) significance for world today: north trying to develop …, north’s supreme leader Kim Jong Un only … ears old- grandson of …

nuclear weapons; 33; Kim il sung

(arms race) premier nikita khrushchev: new …, stalind died …: “history is on our side. we will …” (message to …)

soviet leader; 1953; bury you; capitalists

(arms race-nuclear age) soviets detonated their atomic bomb in …, had stolen many …

sept 1949; nuclear secrets

(arms race-nuclear age) truman ordered the development of the …, an atomic weapon that used different ..-… more powerful than Hiroshima bomb

hydrogen bomb; detonation technology; 100x

(arms race-nuclear age) u.s. successfully tested H-bomb in …

1952

(arms race-nuclear age) soviets followed (h-bomb) in …

1953

(arms race-nuclear age) arms race: the contest in which nations compete to build ever more

powerful weapons

(M.A.D) why did the cold war remain cold?→Mutually Assured Destruction (M.A.D): the policy in which the U.S. and Soviets hoped to deter nuclear war by building enough nuclear weapons to

completely destroy each other

Doomsday Clock: after the soviets tested their H-bomb in 1953: the clock was moved to

2 minutes to midnight

Eisenhower: wins presidential election of … (republican)

192

Eisenhower: agreed with …, disliked conflicts like …-too …, installed policy of …

containment policy; korea; costly; massive retaliation

massive retaliation: the U.S. would respond to aggression with … including …

massive force; nuclear weapons

massive retaliation: inability to help the 1956 hungarian uprising revealed … of this strategy: was hungary worth nuclear war?

shortcomings

(space race) oct 1957: soviets launch …, 1st space …, …

sputnik; satellite; unmanned

(space race) us feared soviets could drop

nuclear bombs from space

(space race) u.s. actions: national aeronautics and space administration (NASA): to coordinate the space-related efforts of … and the ….

scientists; military

(space race) national defense education act: … dedicated to promote …

$1 billlion; science education

(arms race) by the end of the 1950s, nuclear weapons could be delivered by: …, … from …(intercontinental ballistic missiles-ICBMs), … from …

plane; missiles; land; missiles; submarines

(arms race) by 1960: us had … nuclear warheads, soviets had … nuclear warheads: … bombs for every US. state

20,000; 1,600; 32

(other efforts) the central intelligence agency-CIA: established in 1947 by Truman as an

intelligence-gathering organization

(other efforts) eisenhower adds second mission to CIA-

secret operations

(other efforts) in 1953, the CIA helped overthrow an unfriendly but popular government in …: re-installs U.S. ally- “….”

iran; the shah

(other efforts) in 1979, a popular revolt overthrows the

shah

(early developments) truman created the loyalty review board via executive order 9835 (1947): 3 million federal workers investigated for …, 3,000 … or … without formal …

communist sympathies; resigned; dismissed; indictment

(early developments) motive of loyalty review board: truman wanted to quiet critics who said he was …, but put in precautions to avoid a “…”

soft on communism; witch hunt

(early developments) mcCarran Internal Security Act-1950: authorized the president to … and … suspicious person during an “….”

arrest; detain; internal security emergency

(early developments) mccarran internal security act: communists had to register with the ..

us. attorney general

(early developments) mccarran internal security act: banned picketing outside …

federal courthouses

(early developments) mccarran internal security act: passed over truman’s …, “the greatest danger to freedom of speech, press, and assembly since the alien and sedition laws of 1798” “ a mockery of the bill of rights” “a long step toward totalitarianism”

veto

(ethel and Julius Rosenberg) communists in the

1930s

(ethel and Julius Rosenberg) julius worked at fort monmoth, NJ for the … as an … during WWII

army; engineer

(ethel and Julius Rosenberg) ethel’s brother (david greenglass) worked on the … in los alamos, NM

manhattan project

(ethel and Julius Rosenberg) julius and greenglass recruited as … by … during WWII

spies; soviets

(ethel and Julius Rosenberg) arrested in

june 1950

(ethel and Julius Rosenberg) greengalss had passed … to julius rosenbert who passed these on to the …

atomic secrets; soviets

(ethel and Julius Rosenberg) greenglass cooperated and testified that his sister ethel was

aware of the affair

(ethel and Julius Rosenberg) greenglass received … years in prison

(House Un-American Activities Committee-HUAC) 1938-1975: originally inteded to root out

nazi sympathizers

(House Un-American Activities Committee-HUAC) from 1945: focused on rooting out

communists

(House Un-American Activities Committee-HUAC) republican …, from California, one of leading congressmen

richard m. nixon

(House Un-American Activities Committee-HUAC) whittaker chambers-foregn desk editor of …: caught as a … in 1948

time magazine; soviet spy

(House Un-American Activities Committee-HUAC) chambers named …, a …, as a soviet spy

alger hiss; state department official

(House Un-American Activities Committee-HUAC) hiss denied the charges and no

evidence was produced

(House Un-American Activities Committee-HUAC) hiss lied in his testimony before HUAC and convicted of …: served .. years in prison

perjury; 3.5

(House Un-American Activities Committee-HUAC) significance: puts .. in headlines: moved up to …, Ike’s … in 1952, future …

Nixon; Senate; VP; POTUS

(House Un-American Activities Committee-HUAC) significane: nixon using committee to promote himself as

anti-communist crusader

(hollywood blacklist) hundreds of movie industry professionals were …: stars, directors, screenwriters, musicians, etc.

haulted before the HUAC

(hollywood blacklist) asked about … or past involvement with the …

communist sympathies; communist party

(hollywood blacklist) ten people cited their …

1st amendment rights to free speech

(hollywood blacklist) result: ten artists were “blacklisted”– banned from …., including … “Johnny Got His Gun”

working in the industry; dalton trumbo

(hollywood blacklist) hundreds of others later affected- had to/wanted to …:
… - “War of the World” radio broadcaster/”Citizen Kane”
….-wrote “Brother Can You Spare a Dime”
….- “The Tramp” of the Silent Era of Film

leave the US; Orson Welles; YIP Harbargh; Charlie Chaplin

(hollywood blacklist) “The most … thing in the country”- 1959: former president .. regarding …

un-American; Truman; HUAC

(McCarthyism: 1950-54) Sen Joseph McCarthy: republican from ….

wisconsin

(McCarthyism: 1950-54) mccarthy claimed secretary of state Dean Acheson “knowingly employs ….” but when pressed, backed off and said it was really … but he had a …, would not share it publicly

203 communists; 57; list

(McCarthyism: 1950-54) mcCarthy’s “reign of terror” lasted 1950-54: moderate voices “cowed” out of fear of being …, had de facto power over ….-purges cost state department many …

labeled a communist; state department appointments; valuable personnel

(McCarthy’s downfall) in 1954, McCarthy went after the …, described former Army Chieff of Staff (WWII) and Secretary of State George C. Marshall as “part of a conspiracy so immense and an infamy so black as to dwarf any previous venture in the history of man”

United States Army

(McCarthy’s downfall) Army-McCarthy Hearings-Spring 1954: … days of hearings, …

35 days; televised

(McCarthy’s downfall) mcCarthy’s brutish methods …, the public …, officially … by the senate by …, died of … at age 48 in 1957

exposed; turned against him; censured; vote; alcoholism

(mcCarthyism today?) sen. ted cruz accused the harvard law school of “harboring a dozen … on its faculty when I studied there” from 1992 until 1995, grilled secretary of defense nominee chuck hagel in 2012, implying that hagel took money from …

communists; North Korea

(the economy) post-war blues: GDP fell by … in 1946, flat in 1947, prices rose .. in 1947

10%; 33%

(the economy) employment act of 1946: codified offical government policy to maximize: …, …, … (…)

employment; production; purchasing power (inflation)

(the economy) employment act of 1946: truman created …. attached to the white house

council of economic advisors

(the economy) significance of employment act: solidified new deal expectation that the federal government should

be involved in the economy

(the economy) millions of young men leaving the military after the war: most had little or no

work experience

(the economy) the servicemen’s readjustment act of 1944: commonly called the … (courtesy of FDR)

G.I. Bill

(the economy) G.I. Bill: … per week for … weeks after discharge, free … for college or vocational/technical school: … million took advantage, gov’t guaranteed low interest loans for …, .., and …

$20; 52 weeks; tuition; 8; home; farms; businesses

(post-war boom: 1950-1970) sustained … growth, national income … in 1950s, nearly … again in 1960s

GDP; doubled; doubled

(post-war boom: 1950-1970) americans were … of world population yet owned … of the world’s wealth

6%; 40%

(post-war boom: 1950-1970) the middle class doubled from … (1920s) to …

30%; 60%

(post-war boom: 1950-1970) union membership peaked at … of workers in 1954

35%

(post-war boom: 1950-1970) taft-hartley act (1947) weakened ..

union requirements

(post-war boom: 1950-1970) union membership at … in 2014

11%

(post-war boom: 1950-1970) reason for boom: U.S. … by war, cheap …: u.s. and british oil companies exploited …, … spending (10% of GDP), worker … increases: more … population, …, …, ..

unravaged; energy; oil producing nations; defense; productivity; educated; technology; transistors; computers

(baby boomers) … million babies born 1946-1964, …-….% of current U.S. population

75; 20-25%

(baby boomers) why? returning soldiers wanted to “…” and have a “…” after horrors of war ; remember their own tough … childhood; … and … in post-war economy

settle down; nice family; depression-era; optimism; opportunity

fertility rate: 1958- …, 2014-…

3.6, 1.88

(generations) the greatest generation (1901-1927)(1915-27): childhood/youth/young adults: ….
fought in …
parents in the …/….

great depression; wwii; 1950s/1960s

(generations) the silent generation (1927-1945): teenagers of …, … war

1950s; korean

(generations) baby boomers (1946-1964): grade school in …, teenagers/college kids of … (hippies)

1950s/1960s; 1960s/70s

(generations) generation X:

1965-1980)

(generations) generation Y: (…) (1981-2001)

millenials

(generations) generation Z (….)

2002-?

(the suburbs) millions moved ot the suburbs in pursuit of the “…”: own your own …, more space for …, a yard, grass, trees, white picket fence

american dream; home; growing families

(the suburbs) who? …, … workers, skilled …-overwhelmingly …

war vets; white-collar; blue collar workers; white

(the suburbs) redlining: discriminatory practice in which banks, insurance companies, etc, refuse someone because they live in areas that are considered to be of

financial risk

(the suburbs) how? generous federal loans for .., small …/…

vets; down payment; low interest

(the suburbs) “white flight” to suburbs left lower income people in cities which led to …; poor … and …

urban decay; whites; african-americans

(the suburbs) movie representing plights of americans:

the man in the gray flannel suit

(the suburbs) tract housing- uniform/similar houses built by a

developer and sold on speculation

(the suburbs) tract housing: levitt brothers were …, used efficient … developed during WW2 in field of …:
levittown NY, Levittown NJ, Levittown PA

pioneers; assembly line techniques; house construction

(sun belt) millions started moving to the sun belt for: …, …, low ..,

jobs; climate; taxes

(sun belt) rust belt today:

michigan throgh western PA

(interstate system) federal highway act of 1956: $27 billion to build … miles of wide, fast …

42,000; motorways

(interstate system) ike inspired by

german autobahns

(interstate system) primary purpose to move …

troops easily in case of Soviet attack

(interstate system) impact: facilitated migration to … and …:, but: hurt … industry/ increased … and ..

suburbs; sun belt; passenger train; energy use; pollution

(television) no real television broadcasts in 1930s and early 1940s due to

depressiona nd war

(television) late 1940s: rich people’s

novelty

(television) 1946: … tv stations/ 1956: … stations

6; 442

(television) … million sold in 1951

(television) by 1960, virtually all american homes had one, color tvs spread in the

1960s

(television) family shows:

“father knows best”

“leave it to Beaver”

(television) comedy shows:

“I Love Lucy”

“The Honeymooners”

(television) variety shows

the ed sullivan show

(television) game shows:

what’s my line?

The $64,000 question

(television) kid shows:

the howdy doody show

the mickey mouse club

(nixon on tv) the checkers speech: sen. richard nixon had been chosen to be eisenhower’s running mate on the republican presidential ticket in …, but in Sept, reports of an … slush fund put together by … came to light

1952; $18,000; nixon supporters

(nixon on tv) the republican nat’l committee bought … minutes of airtime on national tv: significance- saved nixon’s spot as …, first use of tv by politician to make …

30 ; VP; direct appeal to the public

(1950s movies) cold war fears reflected in …: …, …

science fiction: Body Snatchers, The Day the Earth Stood Still

(Teens of the 1950s:) The silent generation (1928-1945): first generation of teens that had …, no child … (outlawed 1937), most not …, no “…” war, … economy

leisure time; labor; farmers; hot; prosperous

(music) the parents (greatest generation): loved …- continuation of …, popular with many … too

frank sinatra; jazz age; teens

(music) frank sinatra sang from the ….: tunes written …: geoge gershwin, irving berlin, johnny mercer, cole porter, rogers and hart; sung by …

Great American Songbook; 1920-1960; many artists

(early rock and roll) many african-americans listened to “…” (roy brown–…)

Rhythm & blues; good rockin’ at midnight

(early rock and roll) Rhythm and blues: … oriented, yet with … more prominent; music, like american society, was …: most americans (…%) …, or not …

jazz; guitar; segregated; 91; unaware; interested

(early rock and roll) the electric guitar was invented in …: acoustic guitar hard to hear amongst …

1931; Big Bands

(early rock and roll) by early 1950s, white southerners start to pick up on this “…” they had been playing guitar for …

sound; country music

(early rock and roll) bill haley and the comets: former country band performed “….”: featured as oppening song to “….” film

Rock Around the Clock; Blackboard Jungle

(early rock and roll) bill haley and the comets: kicked off national interest in music now known as “….” 1955

rock and roll

(early rock and roll) teens wanted a … of their own and wanted to rebel against …

music; rigid social norms

(early rock and roll) alan freed- a…in cleveland: noticed white teenagers were buying “…” rhythm and blues records

radio host; black

(early rock and roll) freed promoted these songs on the …, dubbed the music “….”, organized … and …

air; rock and roll; tours; films

(early rock and roll) elvis presley: … years old, from Tupelo, Mississippi, recorded regional hit “….” 1954, elvis sang in the manner of … artists but was …, and …, which made him instantly appealing to millions of .. (guys wanted to be him)

19; That’s Alright Mama; African-American rhythm and blues; white; handsome; teenage girls

(chuck berry) guitar …, wrote … and … about …, …,and …; signifiacne: established the guitar as the …

virtuoso; music; lyrics; girls; cars; school; core instrument of rock and roll

(john f. kennedy) election of 1960: john f. kennedy: democrat, us. … from …

senator; massachusetts

(john f. kennedy) election of 1960: richard m. nixon: republican, eisenhower’s …, former senator from …

vp; california

(john f. kennedy) election of 1960: landmark election: 1st time both candidates born in …

20th century

(john f. kennedy) kennedy’s religion was an issue: he was a …, u.s. never had a … president: many feared he would take orders from the …

roman catholic; catholic; pope

(john f. kennedy) first televised …: tv only about .. years old, TV … played a decisive role in the …

presidential debates; 10; debates; outcome

(john f. kennedy) JFK offered america a “…”, visited … on Sept 12, 1960

new frontier; newark

(john f. kennedy) when MLK in jail, Senator JFK convinced local authorities to: take mlk out of …, given access to … and …

solitary confinement; lawyers; wife

(john f. kennedy) visited big city bosses to “….”

get out the vote

(john f. kennedy) Nixon: dissipated his energies by …, emphasized his …

campaigning in all 50 states; experience

(john f. kennedy) popular vote: only … vote difference but Kennedy wins!

120,000

(john f. kennedy) only a few thousand votes in … and … gave JFK the victory: evidence Kennedy campaign greased money from the … and the … in Chicago

illinois; texas; mafia; teamster union

(john f. kennedy) lyndon johnson (JFK running mate): senator from … (helped JFK get votes in …)

texas; south

(kennedy’s agenda) peace corps: goal: to promoe … and ….

world peace; friendship

(kennedy’s agenda) peace corps: how? volunteers work in … countries- … assistance, …, … services

third world; technical; education; health

(kennedy’s agenda) peace corps: committed resoures to …: set 1970 as the goal for an american …, introduced … legislation

space exploration; on the moon; Civil Rights

(bay of pigs invasion) background: cuba went … in 1959 under …: u.s. businesses lost … in the revolution, a soviet ally only … from florida

communist; fidel castro; millions; 90 miles

(bay of pigs invasion) pres. eisenhower and CIA plotted to train …. to … Cuba and … Castro

Cuban exiles; invade; otherthrow

(bay of pigs invasion) kennedy inherited this plan, and the CIA convinced him to launch it; april 1961: 1,400 CIA trained Cuban exiles invade Cuba at the …, a massive …: … are … or …

Bay of Pigs; failure; 1100; killed; captured

(bay of pigs invasion) why a failure? kennedy called off U.S. … at last minute out of concern for …, in reality, … and … on many levels

air support; angering the soviets; ill-conceived; poorly planned

(berlin crisis) west berlin was a … and … oasis in a Communist East Germany: … million East Germans had escaped to the … by 1961

free; prosperous; 3.5; west

(berlin crisis) bberlin wall erected in ..: significantly increased …, JFK visited West Berlin in June 1963 to demonstrate …

aug 1961; cold war tensions; u.s. support for west germany

(cuban missile crisis) in oct 1962, U.S. aerial reconnaissance photos revealed that the Soviets had secretly placed

nuclear missiles on Cuba

(cuban missile crisis) missiles launched from Cuba would hit washington, D.C. in

10 minutes

(cuban missile crisis) after jfk speech, on oct 22: … days of high tension negotiations: …in effect/ U.S. poised to …. Cuba and Soviet Union- U.S. plane …, U.S. Navy attacks a Soviet ..

6; blockade; attack; shot down submarine

(cuban missile crisis) oct 27: JFK sends last offer to …, u.s. ready to ….on …

Khrushchev/Soviets; invade; 10/28

(cuban missile crisis) khrushchev …. kennedy’s offer

accepts

(cuban missile crisis) the deal: U.S. promises to …, soviets will remove their ….

never invade Cuba; nuclear missiles from Cuba

(cuban missile crisis) secret part of the deal: U.S. agrees to remove nuclear missiles from …. and …

Turkey; Italy

(cuban missile crisis) who won? the world: A …. established in 1963, above ground …. signed in 1963

washington-moscow hotline; nuclear test ban

(cuban missile crisis) Kennedy/U.S.: Soviet missiles were …, U.S. missiles in Turkey/Italy were a secret
JFK’s approval rating went from … to …

removed; 66%; 77%

(cuban missile crisis) khrushchev removed from power

2 years later

(JFK goes to Dallas) prime reason was to smooth over internal …. before 1964 re-election, also went to promote the

Democratic Party politics; space program

(cuban missile crisis) map shows Kennedy’s … through dallas the next day- nov 22

motorcade route

(JFK assassination) JFK was president for … years, … months, … days

2; 10; 2

(JFK assassination) november 22, 1963: JFK was in dallas, tx on a mainly …. trip
JFK was … while travelling in an … through …

political; shot; open car; Dealey Plaza

(JFK assassination) Lee Harvey Oswald was arrested 1 hr. later- after ….- and was the main suspect in the assassination

shooting a Dallas police officer

(JFK assassination) who was oswald? born in …, former …: rated a “…”
defected to the … in 1960: worked in a .., Soviets thought he was “….”
returned to the US: got a job in the … in Dallas

1939; U.S. Marine; sharpshooter; Soviet Union; factory; unstable; Texas Book Depository warehouse

(JFK assassination) two days later (nov 24): … - a Dallas “businessman”: … and … Oswald in the Dallas Police Station

Jack Ruby; shot; killed

(JFK assassination) JFK was buried on Nov 25 in

Arlington National Cemetery

(JFK assassination) The Warren Commission: appointed by … nov 29
this panel, chaired by Chief Justice …, investigated the assassination

President Johnson; Earl Warren

(JFK assassination) in sept 1964 it issued an … page report:

oswald … and … JFK
Ruby … and … Oswald
each acted …

889; shot; killed; shot; killed; alone

Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Cold War Part 1 Flashcards

Brainscape's Knowledge Genome^TM