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US2H > ch 29 powerpoint notes > Flashcards

ch 29 powerpoint notes Flashcards

1
Q

ww1 (years):

A

1914-1918

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2
Q

europe 1914 consisted of

A

german empire; austro-hungarian empire; russian empire; serbia

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3
Q

(long term causes of ww1) militarism: massive … build-up, esp. the …

A

military; German Navy

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4
Q

(long term causes of ww1) militarism: … held in high regard

A

military

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5
Q

(long term causes of ww1) alliances: intended to …, …; but- dragged most of …

A

prevent war; intimidate enemies; europe into war

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6
Q

(long term causes of ww1) imperialism: nations competed for …- ….; …. was late to the game

A

colonies; status symbols; germany

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7
Q

(long term causes of ww1) nationalism: nations felt …; … had to be defended; also-… wanted their own countries

A

superior; national honor; ethnic groups

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8
Q

triple Entente- Allies:

A

Britain, France, Russia

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9
Q

triple Alliance- Central Powers:

A

Germany; Austria-Hungary; Italy

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10
Q

alliances kick in if

A

one member is attacked

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11
Q

italy joins allies for promise … in …

A

austrian land; 1915

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12
Q

the ottoman empire joins the … in …

A

Central Powers; 1914

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13
Q

the … dynasty: ….-Austrian

A

habsburg; archduke franz ferdinand

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14
Q

the …..(serbians): …

A

Black Hand; gavrilo princip

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15
Q

the black hand was a …

A

terrorist group

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16
Q

princip … ferdinand and his wife in … on …

A

assassinates; sarejevo, bosnia; june 28, 1914

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17
Q

austria-hungary (with … minorities) wants to crush … (serbia)

A

slav; Slav upstart

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18
Q

austrians issue … to …

A

ultimatum; serbs

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19
Q

ultimatum had a … deadline

A

july 28

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20
Q

russians want to protect

A

“Little Slav Brothers”

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21
Q

the Germans … obligated to back the Austrian by terms of the treaty

A

were not

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22
Q

(mobilization) to move 100M’s of men/equipment requires .., takes about … weeks

A

planning; 3-4

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23
Q

(mobilization) if a nation did not mobilize in a timely fashion, it would

A

be at a disadvantage

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24
Q

(mobilization) considered an act of

A

war

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25
Q

(mobilization) the … and … of troops before a …

A

preparation; movement; war

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26
Q

russia starts to mobilize in

A

late july

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27
Q

germany starts to mobilize and

A

declares war on Russia

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28
Q

…. backs up russia and declares war on …

A

france; germany

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29
Q

germany invades … and …

A

france; neutral belgium

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30
Q

…. declares war on Germany

A

Britain

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31
Q

(Schlieffen plan) dilemma of a … war; germany planned to .. out of the war

A

2-front; knock France

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32
Q

the last war had been the … in 1870-71

A

franco-prussian war

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33
Q

(ww1 new innovations)

A

trenches, no man’s land

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34
Q

(ww1 new innovations) artillery:

A

larger cannons (ex. “Big Bertha”)

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35
Q

(ww1 new innovations) german railroad gun: range

A

80 miles

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36
Q

(ww1 new innovations) cost of war

A

numerous casualties

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37
Q

soldiers remained in … for a long period of time: caused sin to rot and … which resulted in …

A

mud; become infected; amputations

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38
Q

use of … as a weapon including …., …., …, and …

A

gas; chlorine gas; phosgene gas; biophosgene gas; mustard gas

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39
Q

rats: … and … rats; ate …

A

ground; black; cadavers

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40
Q

lice: caused

A

trench fever

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41
Q

new weapons: t

A

tanks; airplanes; zepppelins “bombing”

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42
Q

zeppelins: like .., but with metal “…” inside

A

blimps; casing

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43
Q

… surgery began in WW1

A

cosmetic

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44
Q

(u.s. neutrality) due to thought that war was a … as well as on the …

A

“european problem”; monroe doctrine

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45
Q

(u.s. neutrality) diverse … in america

A

ethnic groups

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46
Q

(U.s. neutrality) …% of people were … or …

A

30; immigrants; 1st generation

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47
Q

(U.s. neutrality) came from countries on .. of the war

A

both sides

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48
Q

(U.s. neutrality) u.s. had … to both sides and wanted to keep …

A

economic ties; trading

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49
Q

(U.s. neutrality) citizens heard about the

A

horror

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50
Q

british blockade: block … going into germany through ..

A

supplies; naval blockade

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51
Q

germans respond with a … blockade

A

u-boat

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52
Q

u-boats are

A

submarines

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53
Q

the lusitainia sunk in …, nearly … dead including … americans

A

may 1915; 1200; 128

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54
Q

(u-boats) 1914-1915: … submarine warfare; germans will … all ships in …

A

unrestricted; sink; war zone

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55
Q

(u-boats) 1915-1916: … sumbarine warfare; germans will sink only …. (…) in the war zone; will warn British/French …; will sink … if confirm …

A

restricted; warships; no warning; merchant ships; neutrals; war supplies

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56
Q

march 1916: “….” (French channel steamer, …) several … seriously …

A

sussex; unarmed; americans; wounded

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57
Q

(sussex pledge) u.s. declares germany to be

A

held responsible

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58
Q

(sussex pledge) wilson reads … before congress (april 2016): demands germany modify its … or the u.s. will sever …

A

ultimatum; u-boat policy; diplomatic relations

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59
Q

(sussex pledge) germany replies: promise not to sink …; merchant ships … if confirm … and provide for …

A

passenger ships; ok to sink ;military cargo; crew

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60
Q

(sussex pledge) wilson … pledge: crisis …

A

accepts; avoided

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61
Q

election of 1916 wilson campaign slogan

A

“he kept us out of the war”

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62
Q

election of 1916- in … things will change regarding war

A

1917

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63
Q

(results of british blockade (1914-1916)) u.s trade with germany and austria… ; (1914: .. million; 1916: .. million)

A

declines; $169; $1

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64
Q

(results of british blockade (1914-1916)) u.s. trade with england and allies … (1914: … million; 1916 .. billion)

A

grows; $825; $3.2

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65
Q

(results of british blockade (1914-1916)) u.s. bank loans to england and allies are … (march 1915-april 1917: … plus)

A

large; $2 billion

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66
Q

(results of british blockade (1914-1916)) increased trade with allies more than offsets

A

lost trade with central powers

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67
Q

(results of british blockade (1914-1916)) u.s. banks fear Brits/ French will … if lose war

A

default on loans

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68
Q

Germans: resumption of

A

unrestricted submarine warfare

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69
Q

january 31, 1917 germany to sink …, … or …, … or …, within the war zone

A

all ships; armed; unarmed; neutral; belligerent

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70
Q

(zimmermann telegram) secret german … to …

A

telegram; mexican gov’t

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71
Q

(zimmermann telegram) essentially asks for mexico to … with Germany, so that, in the case that U.S. becomes involved in war, Mexico would … U.S.

A

align; attack

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72
Q

(zimmermann telegram) intercepted by … who gave it to ..

A

brits; u.s.

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73
Q

(zimmermann telegram) made … (2/28/17); causes …

A

public; outrage

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74
Q

(u.s. goes to war) wilson proclaimes that the “world must be ….”

A

made safe for democracy

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75
Q

(u.s. goes to war) congress declares war on

A

april 6, 1917

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76
Q

(U.S. military situation) 1914: u.s. regulary army: .. men; U.S. navy: … ships: … and ..

A

90,000; outdated; weak; feeble

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77
Q

(U.S. military situation) national defense act (1916): increase army to …; increase national guard to …; … million for navy

A

225,000; 450,000; $313

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78
Q

us joining war was a major… to war weary britain and france

A

morale boost

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79
Q

us joining war: increased level of

A

war supplies and food

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80
Q

us joining war: merican

A

“doughboys”

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81
Q

u.s. joining war: no … until …

A

significant troops; spring 1918

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82
Q

u-boats: sink supply ships in … to cripple britainbefore …

A

1917; u.s. can have impact (unrestricted- feb 1917)

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83
Q

(the russian revolution) march 1917: …
november 1917: ….
march 1918: …

A

czar overthrown; lenin and communists takeover; russia out of war

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84
Q

(the russian revolution) with russia out: … german soldiers free to shift to … against …

A

1 million; west; britain/france

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85
Q

(spring 1918) germans launch … aimed at …. in which they add … from the east

A

major offensive; winning war; 1 million men

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86
Q

(spring 1918) germans use new tactics: …- attack … points and cause …; strong points overwhelmed by … with …

A

storm troopers; weak; chaos; large groups; heavy weapons

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87
Q

(spring 1918) early … and get within … of paris

A

success; 50 miles

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88
Q

u-boats sink many ships in early …; allied solution: …; fleets of … protectd by …

A

1917; convoy system; warships

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89
Q

spring 1918 offensive stalls after success: germans are … and have ..; by may-americans are now fighting in …- … arrive in France daily

A

tired; low supplies; significant numbers; 10,000;

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90
Q

(general john j. pershing) commander of … (A.E.F)

A

American Expeditionary Forces

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91
Q

(general john j. pershing) insisted U.S> troops fight as separate … under …

A

army; american commanders

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92
Q

(general john j. Pershing) insistence that american troops fight as separate army allowed assignment of select… during …

A

units; german spring offensive

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93
Q

battle of belleau woods: june …

A

1918

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94
Q

(belleau woods) u.s. amry and marines stop … and seize …

A

german advance; key wooded area

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95
Q

(belleau woods) “Retreat? hell, we just got here.”: U.S> marine captain lloyd williams on being urged to … by …

A

retreat; french officers

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96
Q

(belleau woods) “We have Americans opposite us who are terribly reckless fellows.” German private, one of .. left of … in his company

A

30; 120

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97
Q

(meuse-argonne offensive) sept …, 1918- ….

A

26; nov 11, 1918

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98
Q

(meuse-argonne offensive) the major … of the war (joint effort with ..)

A

u.s. engagement; french

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99
Q

(meuse-argonne offensive) 1.2 mm u.s. troops

A

engaged

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100
Q

(meuse-argonne offensive) … killed/ … wounded

A

26M; 96M

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101
Q

(meuse-argonne offensive) significance: helped roll Germans out of … and created conditions for the …

A

france; war to end

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102
Q

(the hundred days offensive) aug …- …

A

8; nov 11, 1918

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103
Q

(the hundred days offensive) allies push … out of ..

A

germans; france

104
Q

(march 1918) russian …; 1 million germans attack …

A

revolution; western front

105
Q

(may 1918) germans … from Paris

A

50 miles

106
Q

(june 1918) u.s. plays a key role in

A

turning back the Germans

107
Q

(fall 1918) germans exchausted/ allies fresh with … (… million men)

A

American troops; 2

108
Q

november 11, 1918 @ … a.m: …

A

11:00; armistice

109
Q

(us mobilizes troops) selectie service act:

A

may 1917

110
Q

(us mobilizes troops) selective service act- … million young men ..

A

24; register

111
Q

(us mobilizes troops) selective service act- … million …

A

2.8; drafted

112
Q

(us mobilizes troops) selective service act- plus … men …

A

2 million; volunteered

113
Q

war was an example of

A

total war

114
Q

total war: a war in which nations mobilize their

A

entire population

115
Q

total war: full use of .. for war …

A

civilian population; pproduction

116
Q

total war: civilians often … by enemies as they are considered a …

A

targeted; war resource

117
Q

(war industries board) bernard baruch: reported to …

A

president

118
Q

(war industries board) regulated and controlled industry:

A

what produced; where supplies sent; set prices

119
Q

(food administration) herbert …

A

hoover

120
Q

(Food administration) set… and other … high to encourage

A

wheat; crop prices; producton

121
Q

(food administration)urged food …: meatless …; wheatless … and …

A

conservation; tuesdays; mondays; wednesdays

122
Q

many americans still … or … about war in …

A

unsure; confused; 1917

123
Q

committe on public information: educate americans about … and ..

A

causes; nature of war

124
Q

(food administration)… pamphlets; … public speakers (…); … of posters

A

75 million; 75,000; “Four Minute Men”; millions

125
Q

ethnic groups some …; some ….

A

german-americans; irish-americans

126
Q

irish-americans: …, wnated … for Ireland

A

anti-british; independence

127
Q

(draft resistors) …% ignored …: faced … if caught

A

12; call up; prison

128
Q

(draft resistors) faced … and …

A

humiliation; harassment

129
Q

(draft resistors) conscientious objectors: those whose .. or … beliefs forbid them to …

A

moral; religious; fight in war

130
Q

(draft resistors) conscientous objectors gien … within military

A

non-combat jobs

131
Q

(espionage act) us post office banned

A

treasonous newspapers, magazins, etc

132
Q

(espionage act) made it a crime to block

A

military recruitment

133
Q

(espionage act) blocking military recruitment earned: … prison; … fine

A

20 years; $10,000

134
Q

(sedition act) banned “…” speec about: …, …, or …

A

disloyal profane and abusive; U.S. Government; U.S. Constitution ; U.S. Military

135
Q

(sedition act) eugene debs: union leader/ socialist candidate for …(1912); … for mildly anti-war speech

A

president; 10 years prison

136
Q

some challenged that espionage and sedition acts violated the

A

first amendment

137
Q

schenck v. united states (191): supreme court ruled that freedome of speech could be … if it posed a “…” to the natoin

A

revoked; clear and present danger

138
Q

black tom explosion: black tom pier was

A

set on fire due to Germans

139
Q

germans portrayed as “…” and “…”

A

“evil”; “barbaric”

140
Q

stopped teaching … in schools

A

german language

141
Q

stopped performing … such as …

A

german composers; beethoven

142
Q

changed names of german …

A

foods & things

143
Q

german-americans …; several were

A

harrassed and attacked; killed

144
Q

(german name changes) hamburger

A

liberty steak

145
Q

(german name changes) sauerkraut

A

liberty cabbage

146
Q

(german name changes) dachshunds

A

liberty pups

147
Q

(german name changes) german measles/ rubella

A

liberty measles

148
Q

women: … join workforce for first time

A

500,000

149
Q

women take traditional “…” jobs in …, …., …

A

men’s; factories; railroads/trolly drivers; farms

150
Q

women went overseas as

A

nurses

151
Q

war had full support of

A

NAWSA and NWP

152
Q

the great migration: … million african-americans move … to take … and to escape … of the South

A

1.2; North; war industry jobs; racism

153
Q

increased … migration to … for …

A

mexican; southwest U..S.; farm work

154
Q

(radium girls) young women in … factory painted the dials of watches with … in …

A

orange, nj; radium ; 1917-18

155
Q

(radium girls) watches were … for soldiers to …

A

glow in the dark; see at night

156
Q

(radium girls) problem: the girls got … and some began to ..

A

sick; die

157
Q

(radium girls) significnace: key event in establishment of … and the right of … to …

A

occupational safety laws; employees; sue employers

158
Q

(sept-november 1918) allies push germans back towards …; boosted by fresh and numerous …

A

germany; americans

159
Q

(sept-november 1918) allies push germans back: supplies to britain-france/brit blockade

A

cripples germany

160
Q

(sept-november 1918) germany near … and …

A

collapse; kaiser flees

161
Q

an armistice is a … or …: not a …

A

cease-fire; suspension of fighting; surrender

162
Q

soon apparent the … have the …

A

allies; upper hand

163
Q

(cost of war) … soldiers dead
… wounded
… civilians dead

A

10 million; 20 million; 6 million

164
Q

(allied dead) france: … million (..%)

A

1.4; 3.5

165
Q

(allied dead) britain: … (..%)

A

900,000; 2

166
Q

(allied dead) russia: .. million

A

1.7

167
Q

(allied dead) USA: … (…%)

A

116,000; .15

168
Q

(centrl powers dead) germany: … million (…%)

A

1.7; 2.5

169
Q

(centrl powers dead) austria:

A

1.4 million

170
Q

(centrl powers dead) ottomans:

A

325,000

171
Q

(paris peace conference) allied leaders meet at … to draft terms of ..

A

palace of versailles; peace

172
Q

(paris peace conference) germans not allowed to participate in

A

meetings

173
Q

(paris peace conference) russians also left out due to

A

communist revolution

174
Q

(wilson’s 14 points-“peace without victory”) announced before congress in

A

jan 1918

175
Q

(wilson’s 14 points-“peace without victory”) points

A

1) open treaties
2) freedom of seas
3) lower tariffs
4) arms reduction
5) consider colonial peoples
6-13) self-determination
14) league of nations

176
Q

self-determination: the right of peoples to choose their own

A

government

177
Q

point 1, 14 addressed problem with

A

alliances

178
Q

points 2,3,5,14 addressed

A

imperialism

179
Q

points 4, 6-13, and 14 addressed

A

militarism

180
Q

points 5, 6-13, 14 addressed

A

nationalism

181
Q

(wilson’s 14 points-“peace without victory”) gave hope to ethnic peoples without their

A

own nations

182
Q

(wilson’s 14 points-“peace without victory”) factored into german decision to

A

aaccept the armistice

183
Q

wilson travels to … to participate in ..

A

paris; peace conference

184
Q

wilson was the 1st u.s. president to … while …

A

visit europe; president

185
Q

wilson was hailed as a … by the people

A

hero

186
Q

britain and france too … form war to be ..

A

bitter; generous victors

187
Q

horrified german representatives had no choice but to … because allies threatened …

A

sign; resumption of war

188
Q

(terms of treaty) german war …; caused…

A

guilt; resentment

189
Q

(terms of treaty) german…; caused

A

reparations ($33 billion); resentment, economic hardship

190
Q

(terms of treaty) german territory … in … and with …; caused

A

loss; europe; all colonies; resentment, economic hardship, ethnic minorities

191
Q

(terms of treaty) german arms …; caused…

A

reduction; humiliation, resentment

192
Q

(terms of treaty) demilitarized …(border area with ..); caused

A

rhineland; france; resentment

193
Q

(terms of treaty) self-…; caused …

A

determination; ethnic minorities, not all peoples received independence

194
Q

(terms of treaty) league of …; problem:

A

nations; weak, u.s. does not join

195
Q

(reations to treaty) john maynard keynes: british …, decried the treaty as …; predicted economic .. for germany, which would lead to … and .. in Europe

A

economist; “carthaginian peace”; ruin; economic; political chaos

196
Q

(reations to treaty) ferdinand foch: french field ….; supreme commander of …; decried the treaty as too …; “this is not peace. it is an ….”

A

marshal; allied armies; lenient; armistice for 20 years

197
Q

germany: empire … and loses land to .. and ..

A

destroyed; france; poland

198
Q

austriahungary: empire ..; austria and hungary are …; new countries created for …

A

destroyed; rumps; ethnic groups

199
Q

ottoman empire: empire destroyed and turkey is a …; territories in middle east given to … and .. as…

A

rump; britain; france; mandates

200
Q

mandates … for league of nations: really …

A

“administered”; colonies

201
Q

russia: empire destroyed; … takeover; new …

A

communist; soviet union

202
Q

russia loses … territory: was on winning side but …

A

most; quit

203
Q

new european countries formed from …, .., …, and …. based on policy of …

A

austria; germany; russia; ottomans; self-determination

204
Q

treaty of versailles needs approval by

A

senate

205
Q

republicans take control of congress in

A

1918

206
Q

wilson (democrat) did not invite .. to …

A

key republicans; paris conference

207
Q

irreconcilables: senators against any

A

treaty with a league of nations

208
Q

reservationists: senators who wanted some changes to

A

language regarding league

209
Q

wilson was bull-headed and would not

A

compromise

210
Q

sept 1919: wilson has a major … and is severely …

A

stroke; disabled

211
Q

result of wilson’s stroke: treaty is … in senate; u.s. does not join …

A

defeated; league of nations

212
Q

(weakeness and problems caused by versailles treaty) severley punished germanY: resulted in rise of … and …

A

nazi germany; wwii

213
Q

(weakeness and problems caused by versailles treaty) large euro …-unrest/… troubles: … that lead to wwii; … in the 1990s

A

ethnic minorities; border; hot spots; balkan ethnic cleansing

214
Q

(weakeness and problems caused by versailles treaty) isolated new soviet union: … nation: the …; the spread of …; russia’s actions today (…/…)

A

rogue; cold war; communism; crimea/ukraine

215
Q

(weakeness and problems caused by versailles treaty) league of nations is weka, no U.S.: inability to stop aggression by …/…/… before ..

A

nazi germany; fascist italy; imperial japan; wwii

216
Q

colonial empires in … and … still …

A

africa and asia; intact

217
Q

artifical borders in .. (ethnic …)

A

africa; conflict

218
Q

artifical borders in the … (ethnic ../../weak …)

A

middle east; conflict; ISIS; regimes

219
Q

chaos of forced … post-…

A

de-colonization; wwii

220
Q

(legacy of WW1) old empires were … and attempts were made to ensure a …

A

smashed; lasting peace

221
Q

(weakeness and problems caused by versailles treaty) seeds of turmoil were sown that plagued the 20th century and casued

A

problems through the present day

222
Q

ww1: u.s. played big role in … during war for the first …; women can …; gov’t had more control over/ more involved with …

A

world affairs; time; vote; people than ever

223
Q

(world) angry …; isolated .

A

germany; communist russia

224
Q

(influenza epidemic 1918-19) 1st appeared in … in spring 1918

A

kansas army base

225
Q

(influenza epidemic 1918-19) war activity helped

A

spread disease

226
Q

(influenza epidemic 1918-19) form of

A

bird flu

227
Q

(influenza epidemic 1918-19) killed … million worldwide

A

20-50

228
Q

(influenza epidemic 1918-19)..% of americans sickened; … americans died; strangely, many … died

A

25; 675,000; young adults

229
Q

women won the right to bote but returning men replaced women who had …; by 1920, less … than in 1910

A

taken their jobs; working women

230
Q

african americans had a general frustration with lack of …, esp. among returning ..

A

rights; veterans

231
Q

(tulsa riots-1921) veterans tried to stop … of young men; … city blocks …; … african-americans dead; … whites dead

A

lynching; 35; burned; 26; 13

232
Q

(economic troubles) inflation: general … in prices; pent-up demand for consumer goods drove up …

A

rise; prices

233
Q

(economic troubles) massive strikes 1919: … workers on strike at diferent times; …% of the workforce

A

4 million; 20

234
Q

communist … emerged from WW1: dedicated to worldwide revolution of … and death of …

A

russia; revolution; capitalism

235
Q

real … and … activity did exist in US

A

communist; anarchist

236
Q

bombs sent to … and … were intercepted

A

gob’t officials; industrialists

237
Q

bombs in us cities:

A

wall street bombin 1920: 38 killed/ 143 hurt; italian anarchists suspected

238
Q

palmer raids (nov 1919-jan 1920)- attorney general palmer ordered the roundup of

A

100s of radicals

239
Q

palmer raids (nov 1919-jan 1920)- most radicals never

A

charged

240
Q

palmer raids (nov 1919-jan 1920)- hundreds of radicalss

A

deported

241
Q

palmer raids (nov 1919-jan 1920)- many protested threat to

A

american civil rights

242
Q

palmer raids (nov 1919-jan 1920)- american civil liberties union (ACLU) formed: lawyers group dedicate dto protecting

A

civivl rights of ALL Americans

243
Q

(sacco and vanzetti) 1920: two payroll clerks killed during

A

robbery at boston shoe factory

244
Q

(sacco and vanzetti) sacco and vanzetti arrested: … immigrants; known ..

A

italian; anarchists

245
Q

(sacco and vanzetti) found …: sppedy trial despite

A

guilty; little hard evidence

246
Q

(sacco and vanzetti) sent to

A

electric chair

247
Q

(sacco and vanzetti) many felt trial was

A

unfair and biased

248
Q

(sacco and vanzetti) many believe conviction based more on … than … : chance for gov’t to eliminate …

A

background; hard evidence; 2 anarchists

249
Q

(sacco and vanzetti) no one knows the definite truth: bullets matched .. found on ..; former-anarchists later told gov’t that … was guilty but .. wasn’t

A

gun; sacco; sacco; vanzetti

250
Q

(election of 1920) woodrow wilson is …; served two …; diabled by …

A

done; terms; massive stroke

251
Q

(election of 1920) james cox: …; ohio …; would continue …; promoted …

A

democrat; governor; wilson’s progressive policies; league of nations

252
Q

(election of 1920) warreng G. Harding: ohio …; tired of wilson’s …; tired of “…”; slogan: “….”

A

senator; progressive reforms; foreign crusades; “A Return to Normalcy”

253
Q

(election of 1920) harding .. in a landslide

A

wins

254
Q

(election of 1920) popular vote: ..% harding; …% cox

A

60; 34

255
Q

electoral votes: … harding; … cox

A

404; 124

US2H (15 decks)

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