ch 29 powerpoint notes Flashcards
1
Q
ww1 (years):
A
1914-1918
2
Q
europe 1914 consisted of
A
german empire; austro-hungarian empire; russian empire; serbia
3
Q
(long term causes of ww1) militarism: massive … build-up, esp. the …
A
military; German Navy
4
Q
(long term causes of ww1) militarism: … held in high regard
A
military
5
Q
(long term causes of ww1) alliances: intended to …, …; but- dragged most of …
A
prevent war; intimidate enemies; europe into war
6
Q
(long term causes of ww1) imperialism: nations competed for …- ….; …. was late to the game
A
colonies; status symbols; germany
7
Q
(long term causes of ww1) nationalism: nations felt …; … had to be defended; also-… wanted their own countries
A
superior; national honor; ethnic groups
8
Q
triple Entente- Allies:
A
Britain, France, Russia
9
Q
triple Alliance- Central Powers:
A
Germany; Austria-Hungary; Italy
10
Q
alliances kick in if
A
one member is attacked
11
Q
italy joins allies for promise … in …
A
austrian land; 1915
12
Q
the ottoman empire joins the … in …
A
Central Powers; 1914
13
Q
the … dynasty: ….-Austrian
A
habsburg; archduke franz ferdinand
14
Q
the …..(serbians): …
A
Black Hand; gavrilo princip
15
Q
the black hand was a …
A
terrorist group
16
Q
princip … ferdinand and his wife in … on …
A
assassinates; sarejevo, bosnia; june 28, 1914
17
Q
austria-hungary (with … minorities) wants to crush … (serbia)
A
slav; Slav upstart
18
Q
austrians issue … to …
A
ultimatum; serbs
19
Q
ultimatum had a … deadline
A
july 28
20
Q
russians want to protect
A
“Little Slav Brothers”
21
Q
the Germans … obligated to back the Austrian by terms of the treaty
A
were not
22
Q
(mobilization) to move 100M’s of men/equipment requires .., takes about … weeks
A
planning; 3-4
23
Q
(mobilization) if a nation did not mobilize in a timely fashion, it would
A
be at a disadvantage
24
Q
(mobilization) considered an act of
A
war
25
(mobilization) the ... and ... of troops before a ...
preparation; movement; war
26
russia starts to mobilize in
late july
27
germany starts to mobilize and
declares war on Russia
28
.... backs up russia and declares war on ...
france; germany
29
germany invades ... and ...
france; neutral belgium
30
.... declares war on Germany
Britain
31
(Schlieffen plan) dilemma of a ... war; germany planned to .. out of the war
2-front; knock France
32
the last war had been the ... in 1870-71
franco-prussian war
33
(ww1 new innovations)
trenches, no man's land
34
(ww1 new innovations) artillery:
larger cannons (ex. "Big Bertha")
35
(ww1 new innovations) german railroad gun: range
80 miles
36
(ww1 new innovations) cost of war
numerous casualties
37
soldiers remained in ... for a long period of time: caused sin to rot and ... which resulted in ...
mud; become infected; amputations
38
use of ... as a weapon including ...., ...., ..., and ...
gas; chlorine gas; phosgene gas; biophosgene gas; mustard gas
39
rats: ... and ... rats; ate ...
ground; black; cadavers
40
lice: caused
trench fever
41
new weapons: t
tanks; airplanes; zepppelins "bombing"
42
zeppelins: like .., but with metal "..." inside
blimps; casing
43
... surgery began in WW1
cosmetic
44
(u.s. neutrality) due to thought that war was a ... as well as on the ...
"european problem"; monroe doctrine
45
(u.s. neutrality) diverse ... in america
ethnic groups
46
(U.s. neutrality) ...% of people were ... or ...
30; immigrants; 1st generation
47
(U.s. neutrality) came from countries on .. of the war
both sides
48
(U.s. neutrality) u.s. had ... to both sides and wanted to keep ...
economic ties; trading
49
(U.s. neutrality) citizens heard about the
horror
50
british blockade: block ... going into germany through ..
supplies; naval blockade
51
germans respond with a ... blockade
u-boat
52
u-boats are
submarines
53
the lusitainia sunk in ..., nearly ... dead including ... americans
may 1915; 1200; 128
54
(u-boats) 1914-1915: ... submarine warfare; germans will ... all ships in ...
unrestricted; sink; war zone
55
(u-boats) 1915-1916: ... sumbarine warfare; germans will sink only .... (...) in the war zone; will warn British/French ...; will sink ... if confirm ...
restricted; warships; no warning; merchant ships; neutrals; war supplies
56
march 1916: "...." (French channel steamer, ...) several ... seriously ...
sussex; unarmed; americans; wounded
57
(sussex pledge) u.s. declares germany to be
held responsible
58
(sussex pledge) wilson reads ... before congress (april 2016): demands germany modify its ... or the u.s. will sever ...
ultimatum; u-boat policy; diplomatic relations
59
(sussex pledge) germany replies: promise not to sink ...; merchant ships ... if confirm ... and provide for ...
passenger ships; ok to sink ;military cargo; crew
60
(sussex pledge) wilson ... pledge: crisis ...
accepts; avoided
61
election of 1916 wilson campaign slogan
"he kept us out of the war"
62
election of 1916- in ... things will change regarding war
1917
63
(results of british blockade (1914-1916)) u.s trade with germany and austria... ; (1914: .. million; 1916: .. million)
declines; $169; $1
64
(results of british blockade (1914-1916)) u.s. trade with england and allies ... (1914: ... million; 1916 .. billion)
grows; $825; $3.2
65
(results of british blockade (1914-1916)) u.s. bank loans to england and allies are ... (march 1915-april 1917: ... plus)
large; $2 billion
66
(results of british blockade (1914-1916)) increased trade with allies more than offsets
lost trade with central powers
67
(results of british blockade (1914-1916)) u.s. banks fear Brits/ French will ... if lose war
default on loans
68
Germans: resumption of
unrestricted submarine warfare
69
january 31, 1917 germany to sink ..., ... or ..., ... or ..., within the war zone
all ships; armed; unarmed; neutral; belligerent
70
(zimmermann telegram) secret german ... to ...
telegram; mexican gov't
71
(zimmermann telegram) essentially asks for mexico to ... with Germany, so that, in the case that U.S. becomes involved in war, Mexico would ... U.S.
align; attack
72
(zimmermann telegram) intercepted by ... who gave it to ..
brits; u.s.
73
(zimmermann telegram) made ... (2/28/17); causes ...
public; outrage
74
(u.s. goes to war) wilson proclaimes that the "world must be ...."
made safe for democracy
75
(u.s. goes to war) congress declares war on
april 6, 1917
76
(U.S. military situation) 1914: u.s. regulary army: .. men; U.S. navy: ... ships: ... and ..
90,000; outdated; weak; feeble
77
(U.S. military situation) national defense act (1916): increase army to ...; increase national guard to ...; ... million for navy
225,000; 450,000; $313
78
us joining war was a major... to war weary britain and france
morale boost
79
us joining war: increased level of
war supplies and food
80
us joining war: merican
"doughboys"
81
u.s. joining war: no ... until ...
significant troops; spring 1918
82
u-boats: sink supply ships in ... to cripple britainbefore ...
1917; u.s. can have impact (unrestricted- feb 1917)
83
(the russian revolution) march 1917: ...
november 1917: ....
march 1918: ...
czar overthrown; lenin and communists takeover; russia out of war
84
(the russian revolution) with russia out: ... german soldiers free to shift to ... against ...
1 million; west; britain/france
85
(spring 1918) germans launch ... aimed at .... in which they add ... from the east
major offensive; winning war; 1 million men
86
(spring 1918) germans use new tactics: ...- attack ... points and cause ...; strong points overwhelmed by ... with ...
storm troopers; weak; chaos; large groups; heavy weapons
87
(spring 1918) early ... and get within ... of paris
success; 50 miles
88
u-boats sink many ships in early ...; allied solution: ...; fleets of ... protectd by ...
1917; convoy system; warships
89
spring 1918 offensive stalls after success: germans are ... and have ..; by may-americans are now fighting in ...- ... arrive in France daily
tired; low supplies; significant numbers; 10,000;
90
(general john j. pershing) commander of ... (A.E.F)
American Expeditionary Forces
91
(general john j. pershing) insisted U.S> troops fight as separate ... under ...
army; american commanders
92
(general john j. Pershing) insistence that american troops fight as separate army allowed assignment of select... during ...
units; german spring offensive
93
battle of belleau woods: june ...
1918
94
(belleau woods) u.s. amry and marines stop ... and seize ...
german advance; key wooded area
95
(belleau woods) "Retreat? hell, we just got here.": U.S> marine captain lloyd williams on being urged to ... by ...
retreat; french officers
96
(belleau woods) "We have Americans opposite us who are terribly reckless fellows." German private, one of .. left of ... in his company
30; 120
97
(meuse-argonne offensive) sept ..., 1918- ....
26; nov 11, 1918
98
(meuse-argonne offensive) the major ... of the war (joint effort with ..)
u.s. engagement; french
99
(meuse-argonne offensive) 1.2 mm u.s. troops
engaged
100
(meuse-argonne offensive) ... killed/ ... wounded
26M; 96M
101
(meuse-argonne offensive) significance: helped roll Germans out of ... and created conditions for the ...
france; war to end
102
(the hundred days offensive) aug ...- ...
8; nov 11, 1918
103
(the hundred days offensive) allies push ... out of ..
germans; france
104
(march 1918) russian ...; 1 million germans attack ...
revolution; western front
105
(may 1918) germans ... from Paris
50 miles
106
(june 1918) u.s. plays a key role in
turning back the Germans
107
(fall 1918) germans exchausted/ allies fresh with ... (... million men)
American troops; 2
108
november 11, 1918 @ ... a.m: ...
11:00; armistice
109
(us mobilizes troops) selectie service act:
may 1917
110
(us mobilizes troops) selective service act- ... million young men ..
24; register
111
(us mobilizes troops) selective service act- ... million ...
2.8; drafted
112
(us mobilizes troops) selective service act- plus ... men ...
2 million; volunteered
113
war was an example of
total war
114
total war: a war in which nations mobilize their
entire population
115
total war: full use of .. for war ...
civilian population; pproduction
116
total war: civilians often ... by enemies as they are considered a ...
targeted; war resource
117
(war industries board) bernard baruch: reported to ...
president
118
(war industries board) regulated and controlled industry:
what produced; where supplies sent; set prices
119
(food administration) herbert ...
hoover
120
(Food administration) set... and other ... high to encourage
wheat; crop prices; producton
121
(food administration)urged food ...: meatless ...; wheatless ... and ...
conservation; tuesdays; mondays; wednesdays
122
many americans still ... or ... about war in ...
unsure; confused; 1917
123
committe on public information: educate americans about ... and ..
causes; nature of war
124
(food administration)... pamphlets; ... public speakers (...); ... of posters
75 million; 75,000; "Four Minute Men"; millions
125
ethnic groups some ...; some ....
german-americans; irish-americans
126
irish-americans: ..., wnated ... for Ireland
anti-british; independence
127
(draft resistors) ...% ignored ...: faced ... if caught
12; call up; prison
128
(draft resistors) faced ... and ...
humiliation; harassment
129
(draft resistors) conscientious objectors: those whose .. or ... beliefs forbid them to ...
moral; religious; fight in war
130
(draft resistors) conscientous objectors gien ... within military
non-combat jobs
131
(espionage act) us post office banned
treasonous newspapers, magazins, etc
132
(espionage act) made it a crime to block
military recruitment
133
(espionage act) blocking military recruitment earned: ... prison; ... fine
20 years; $10,000
134
(sedition act) banned "..." speec about: ..., ..., or ...
disloyal profane and abusive; U.S. Government; U.S. Constitution ; U.S. Military
135
(sedition act) eugene debs: union leader/ socialist candidate for ...(1912); ... for mildly anti-war speech
president; 10 years prison
136
some challenged that espionage and sedition acts violated the
first amendment
137
schenck v. united states (191): supreme court ruled that freedome of speech could be ... if it posed a "..." to the natoin
revoked; clear and present danger
138
black tom explosion: black tom pier was
set on fire due to Germans
139
germans portrayed as "..." and "..."
"evil"; "barbaric"
140
stopped teaching ... in schools
german language
141
stopped performing ... such as ...
german composers; beethoven
142
changed names of german ...
foods & things
143
german-americans ...; several were
harrassed and attacked; killed
144
(german name changes) hamburger
liberty steak
145
(german name changes) sauerkraut
liberty cabbage
146
(german name changes) dachshunds
liberty pups
147
(german name changes) german measles/ rubella
liberty measles
148
women: ... join workforce for first time
500,000
149
women take traditional "..." jobs in ..., ...., ...
men's; factories; railroads/trolly drivers; farms
150
women went overseas as
nurses
151
war had full support of
NAWSA and NWP
152
the great migration: ... million african-americans move ... to take ... and to escape ... of the South
1.2; North; war industry jobs; racism
153
increased ... migration to ... for ...
mexican; southwest U..S.; farm work
154
(radium girls) young women in ... factory painted the dials of watches with ... in ...
orange, nj; radium ; 1917-18
155
(radium girls) watches were ... for soldiers to ...
glow in the dark; see at night
156
(radium girls) problem: the girls got ... and some began to ..
sick; die
157
(radium girls) significnace: key event in establishment of ... and the right of ... to ...
occupational safety laws; employees; sue employers
158
(sept-november 1918) allies push germans back towards ...; boosted by fresh and numerous ...
germany; americans
159
(sept-november 1918) allies push germans back: supplies to britain-france/brit blockade
cripples germany
160
(sept-november 1918) germany near ... and ...
collapse; kaiser flees
161
an armistice is a ... or ...: not a ...
cease-fire; suspension of fighting; surrender
162
soon apparent the ... have the ...
allies; upper hand
163
(cost of war) ... soldiers dead
... wounded
... civilians dead
10 million; 20 million; 6 million
164
(allied dead) france: ... million (..%)
1.4; 3.5
165
(allied dead) britain: ... (..%)
900,000; 2
166
(allied dead) russia: .. million
1.7
167
(allied dead) USA: ... (...%)
116,000; .15
168
(centrl powers dead) germany: ... million (...%)
1.7; 2.5
169
(centrl powers dead) austria:
1.4 million
170
(centrl powers dead) ottomans:
325,000
171
(paris peace conference) allied leaders meet at ... to draft terms of ..
palace of versailles; peace
172
(paris peace conference) germans not allowed to participate in
meetings
173
(paris peace conference) russians also left out due to
communist revolution
174
(wilson's 14 points-"peace without victory") announced before congress in
jan 1918
175
(wilson's 14 points-"peace without victory") points
1) open treaties
2) freedom of seas
3) lower tariffs
4) arms reduction
5) consider colonial peoples
6-13) self-determination
14) league of nations
176
self-determination: the right of peoples to choose their own
government
177
point 1, 14 addressed problem with
alliances
178
points 2,3,5,14 addressed
imperialism
179
points 4, 6-13, and 14 addressed
militarism
180
points 5, 6-13, 14 addressed
nationalism
181
(wilson's 14 points-"peace without victory") gave hope to ethnic peoples without their
own nations
182
(wilson's 14 points-"peace without victory") factored into german decision to
aaccept the armistice
183
wilson travels to ... to participate in ..
paris; peace conference
184
wilson was the 1st u.s. president to ... while ...
visit europe; president
185
wilson was hailed as a ... by the people
hero
186
britain and france too ... form war to be ..
bitter; generous victors
187
horrified german representatives had no choice but to ... because allies threatened ...
sign; resumption of war
188
(terms of treaty) german war ...; caused...
guilt; resentment
189
(terms of treaty) german...; caused
reparations ($33 billion); resentment, economic hardship
190
(terms of treaty) german territory ... in ... and with ...; caused
loss; europe; all colonies; resentment, economic hardship, ethnic minorities
191
(terms of treaty) german arms ...; caused...
reduction; humiliation, resentment
192
(terms of treaty) demilitarized ...(border area with ..); caused
rhineland; france; resentment
193
(terms of treaty) self-...; caused ...
determination; ethnic minorities, not all peoples received independence
194
(terms of treaty) league of ...; problem:
nations; weak, u.s. does not join
195
(reations to treaty) john maynard keynes: british ..., decried the treaty as ...; predicted economic .. for germany, which would lead to ... and .. in Europe
economist; "carthaginian peace"; ruin; economic; political chaos
196
(reations to treaty) ferdinand foch: french field ....; supreme commander of ...; decried the treaty as too ...; "this is not peace. it is an ...."
marshal; allied armies; lenient; armistice for 20 years
197
germany: empire ... and loses land to .. and ..
destroyed; france; poland
198
austriahungary: empire ..; austria and hungary are ...; new countries created for ...
destroyed; rumps; ethnic groups
199
ottoman empire: empire destroyed and turkey is a ...; territories in middle east given to ... and .. as...
rump; britain; france; mandates
200
mandates ... for league of nations: really ...
"administered"; colonies
201
russia: empire destroyed; ... takeover; new ...
communist; soviet union
202
russia loses ... territory: was on winning side but ...
most; quit
203
new european countries formed from ..., .., ..., and .... based on policy of ...
austria; germany; russia; ottomans; self-determination
204
treaty of versailles needs approval by
senate
205
republicans take control of congress in
1918
206
wilson (democrat) did not invite .. to ...
key republicans; paris conference
207
irreconcilables: senators against any
treaty with a league of nations
208
reservationists: senators who wanted some changes to
language regarding league
209
wilson was bull-headed and would not
compromise
210
sept 1919: wilson has a major ... and is severely ...
stroke; disabled
211
result of wilson's stroke: treaty is ... in senate; u.s. does not join ...
defeated; league of nations
212
(weakeness and problems caused by versailles treaty) severley punished germanY: resulted in rise of ... and ...
nazi germany; wwii
213
(weakeness and problems caused by versailles treaty) large euro ...-unrest/... troubles: ... that lead to wwii; ... in the 1990s
ethnic minorities; border; hot spots; balkan ethnic cleansing
214
(weakeness and problems caused by versailles treaty) isolated new soviet union: ... nation: the ...; the spread of ...; russia's actions today (.../...)
rogue; cold war; communism; crimea/ukraine
215
(weakeness and problems caused by versailles treaty) league of nations is weka, no U.S.: inability to stop aggression by .../.../... before ..
nazi germany; fascist italy; imperial japan; wwii
216
colonial empires in ... and ... still ...
africa and asia; intact
217
artifical borders in .. (ethnic ...)
africa; conflict
218
artifical borders in the ... (ethnic ../../weak ...)
middle east; conflict; ISIS; regimes
219
chaos of forced ... post-...
de-colonization; wwii
220
(legacy of WW1) old empires were ... and attempts were made to ensure a ...
smashed; lasting peace
221
(weakeness and problems caused by versailles treaty) seeds of turmoil were sown that plagued the 20th century and casued
problems through the present day
222
ww1: u.s. played big role in ... during war for the first ...; women can ...; gov't had more control over/ more involved with ...
world affairs; time; vote; people than ever
223
(world) angry ...; isolated .
germany; communist russia
224
(influenza epidemic 1918-19) 1st appeared in ... in spring 1918
kansas army base
225
(influenza epidemic 1918-19) war activity helped
spread disease
226
(influenza epidemic 1918-19) form of
bird flu
227
(influenza epidemic 1918-19) killed ... million worldwide
20-50
228
(influenza epidemic 1918-19)..% of americans sickened; ... americans died; strangely, many ... died
25; 675,000; young adults
229
women won the right to bote but returning men replaced women who had ...; by 1920, less ... than in 1910
taken their jobs; working women
230
african americans had a general frustration with lack of ..., esp. among returning ..
rights; veterans
231
(tulsa riots-1921) veterans tried to stop ... of young men; ... city blocks ...; ... african-americans dead; ... whites dead
lynching; 35; burned; 26; 13
232
(economic troubles) inflation: general ... in prices; pent-up demand for consumer goods drove up ...
rise; prices
233
(economic troubles) massive strikes 1919: ... workers on strike at diferent times; ...% of the workforce
4 million; 20
234
communist ... emerged from WW1: dedicated to worldwide revolution of ... and death of ...
russia; revolution; capitalism
235
real ... and ... activity did exist in US
communist; anarchist
236
bombs sent to ... and ... were intercepted
gob't officials; industrialists
237
bombs in us cities:
wall street bombin 1920: 38 killed/ 143 hurt; italian anarchists suspected
238
palmer raids (nov 1919-jan 1920)- attorney general palmer ordered the roundup of
100s of radicals
239
palmer raids (nov 1919-jan 1920)- most radicals never
charged
240
palmer raids (nov 1919-jan 1920)- hundreds of radicalss
deported
241
palmer raids (nov 1919-jan 1920)- many protested threat to
american civil rights
242
palmer raids (nov 1919-jan 1920)- american civil liberties union (ACLU) formed: lawyers group dedicate dto protecting
civivl rights of ALL Americans
243
(sacco and vanzetti) 1920: two payroll clerks killed during
robbery at boston shoe factory
244
(sacco and vanzetti) sacco and vanzetti arrested: ... immigrants; known ..
italian; anarchists
245
(sacco and vanzetti) found ...: sppedy trial despite
guilty; little hard evidence
246
(sacco and vanzetti) sent to
electric chair
247
(sacco and vanzetti) many felt trial was
unfair and biased
248
(sacco and vanzetti) many believe conviction based more on ... than ... : chance for gov't to eliminate ...
background; hard evidence; 2 anarchists
249
(sacco and vanzetti) no one knows the definite truth: bullets matched .. found on ..; former-anarchists later told gov't that ... was guilty but .. wasn't
gun; sacco; sacco; vanzetti
250
(election of 1920) woodrow wilson is ...; served two ...; diabled by ...
done; terms; massive stroke
251
(election of 1920) james cox: ...; ohio ...; would continue ...; promoted ...
democrat; governor; wilson's progressive policies; league of nations
252
(election of 1920) warreng G. Harding: ohio ...; tired of wilson's ...; tired of "..."; slogan: "...."
senator; progressive reforms; foreign crusades; "A Return to Normalcy"
253
(election of 1920) harding .. in a landslide
wins
254
(election of 1920) popular vote: ..% harding; ...% cox
60; 34
255
electoral votes: ... harding; ... cox
404; 124
