Imperialism Flashcards
1
Q
imperialism: ….,…..,…, and …. domination
A
cultural, military, political, economic
2
Q
(economic reasons) Europeans and japan obtained colonies for
A
raw materials for home industries
3
Q
(economic reasons) raw materials:
A
iron, rubber, tea, oil, lumber
4
Q
(economic reasons) U.S. had raw materials BUT:
1)
2)
A
1) had more food/ goods than could be consumed
2) needed markets to sell goods
5
Q
(military reasons) Europeans and Japan had big …. to protect ….
A
militaries; overseas interests
6
Q
(military reasons) admiral Alfred Mahan claimed that U.S. needed big … to protect … as well as … to ……
A
navy; interests; bases; re-supply ships
7
Q
(military reasons) by 1898, U.S. had …. navy
A
3rd largest
8
Q
(belief in national superiority) social Darwinism:
A
U.S. →superior→right to dominate
9
Q
(belief in national superiority) survival of the fittest:
A
compete with nations or don’t survive as nation
10
Q
1853- U.S. forces isolated Japan to
A
open to trade
11
Q
1853 US forces Japan trade– Admiral Matthew Perry sails into
A
Tokyo Bay
12
Q
1850s/60s: U.S. claims … and other small islands in …
A
Midway Island; middle Pacific
13
Q
1820s-1870s: … and … in Hawaii
A
whalers; missionaries
14
Q
Hawaii(1800s):
A
independent kingdom
15
Q
by 1870s: U.S. sugar planters gain
A
influence in Hawaii
16
Q
Hawaii and U.S. had treaties in … and …
A
1875; 1878
17
Q
treaties between Hawaii and U.S.→ new Hawaiian constitution: only …..
A
large landowners (Americans) could vote
18
Q
treaties between Hawaii and U.S.→U.S. naval base in
A
Pearl Harbor
19
Q
(Crisis-1891) Queen Liliuokalani takes back power from ….; thus voiding
A
American planters; 1887 constitution
20
Q
(Crisis-1891) new U.S. tariff threatens ..
A
sugar planters
21
Q
(Crisis-1891) new tariff will cause Hawaiian sugar to
A
cost too much
22
Q
(Crisis-1891) American planters and U.S. Ambassador …
A
overthrow queen in 1891
23
Q
(Crisis-1891) ambassador uses … without real power for overthrowing
A
military
24
Q
(Crisis-1891) “New Gov” demands U.S.
A
annex hawaii
25
(Crisis-1891) big controversy over ....
annexation of Hawaii
26
(Crisis-1891) in 1900, Hawaiian residents were considered ... although Hawaii was not a ...
U.S. citizens; state
27
(Spanish-American war) U.S. enters
world stage
28
(Spanish-American war) Spain is a ... European power
2nd-rate
29
(Spanish-American war) spain owned
cuba, Puerto rico, Philippines
30
(Spanish-American war) spain was semi-respected but
weak
31
(Spanish-American war) by 1897, U.S. businesses had .... invested in ..
$50 million; Cuban operations
32
(Spanish-American war) cuba was .... miles from Florida
90
33
(Spanish-American war) by 1895, Cubans were in open ...
rebellion against Spanish
34
(Spanish-American war) ..... led Cuban rebellion
Jose Marti
35
(Spanish-American war) Spanish General Weyler fought ..., using .... and ....
harshly; concentration camps; executions
36
(Spanish-American war) U.S. interests: U.S. property
destroyed
37
(Spanish-American war) Americans .... to rebels
sympathetic
38
(Spanish-American war) Yellow journalism:
sensational, exaggerated reporting
39
(Spanish-American war) publishers Joseph Pulitzer and Hearst had competing newspapers, published things that affected ...
public opinion
40
(Spanish-American war) De Lome Letter- Feb ...
1898
41
(Spanish-American war) De Lome: Spanish ... to U.S>
ambassador
42
(Spanish-American war) De Lome wrote letter to Spanish government that was ... and ...
stolen; published in NY paper
43
(Spanish-American war) in letter, DeLome describes McKinley as ... and ...
"weak"; "low politician"
44
(Spanish-American war) a national ...., calls for ...
insult; war
45
(Spanish-American war) Battleship U.S.S. Maine sent to Havana to ...
protect U.S. interests
46
(Spanish-American war) On Feb 15, 1898, Maine .... (266 of ... men killed)
explodes; 350
47
(Spanish-American war) Spanish .... blamed for Maine explosion, calls for ...
mine; war increase
48
(Spanish-American war) Battle of Manila Bay (.....)- May ....
Philippines; 1898
49
(Spanish-American war) Battle of Manila Bay- Admiral Dewey.... and ....
attacks; destroys Spanish fleet
50
(Spanish-American war) Battle of Manila Bay- ... marines land in ...
15,000; August 1898
51
(Spanish-American war) after 15,000 marines arrive, Spanish troops ...
surrender
52
(Spanish-American war) .... volunteers joined U.S. Army
200,000
53
(Spanish-American war) U.S. army:
1) most weapons ...
2) poor ..../ .. meat
1) obsolete
| 2) supplies; rotten
54
(Spanish-American war) rough riders: special
cavalry unit
55
(Spanish-American war) rough riders led by
Teddy Roosevelt
56
(Spanish-American war) Rough riders consist of ... and eastern ...
cowboys; eastern college types
57
(Spanish-American war) U.S. navy ...
blockades Cuba
58
(Spanish-American war) 17,000 American troops land near ... in June ...
Santiago; 1898
59
(Spanish-American war) Battle San Juan Hill- July ...
1898
60
(Spanish-American war) Battle of San Juan Hill- Americans attack, take heights that ...
dominate Santiago
61
(Spanish-American war) Battle of San Juan Hill- TR plays a key role→ celebrated ..., earns ...
celebrated hero; congressional medal of honor
62
(Spanish-American war) battle of san juan hill: Spanish tried to ...
flee
63
(Spanish-American war) fighting is over by
august 1898
64
(Spanish-American war) .... Americans died
3,000
65
(Spanish-American war) only ... Americans died in combat, the rest died from ...
380; disease/ food poisoning
66
(Spanish-American war) spain surrenders ... and ... to U.S.
Puerto Rico; Guam (Pacific Islands)
67
(Spanish-American war) Philippines sold to U.S. for
$20 million
68
(Spanish-American war) significance: U.S. military defeats a
European power
69
(Spanish-American war) "A splendid ...." →secretary of state ...
little war; John Hay
70
(Spanish-American war) U.S. now has
colonies
71
(Spanish-American war) U.S> is now a player on the
world stage
72
Teller Amendment: U.S. can't
annex Cuba
73
Cuba independent but: U.S. troops
stay until 1902
74
Cuba independent but: Platt Amendment to .... allows U.S. to maintain
Cuban constitution; authority
75
platt amendment: u.s. must approve ...., U.S. can have naval base at ...., U.S. has ability to ...
treaties; Guantanamo Bay; "preserve order"
76
Cuba is a protectorate: independent but ...
foreign affairs controlled by U.S.
77
Puerto Rico is ...; military rule until ...
annexed; 1900
78
Puerto rico gives strategic entrance to ..., ... and proposed ...
Caribbean, Gulf of Mexico, canal
79
foraker act (1900): U.S. president appoints most of Puerto Rican ... (Puerto Ricans are not ...)
government; citizens
80
Jones-Shafroth Act (1917): Puerto Ricans become
U.S. citizens
81
Jones- Shafroth Act passed during time of WWI to boost ... of Puerto Ricans
loyalty
82
Puerto Rico Status Referendum: Puerto Ricans vote in favor of
statehood
83
question of what to do with the
Philippines
84
the Philippines has .... people in far away ...
7 million; Asia
85
Do we give Philippines..., keep it as a ..., or ... it
independence; protectorate; annex
86
Anti-Imperialist League: opposed to
territorial expansion
87
Anti-Imperialist League had .... members
25,000
88
anti-imperialist league was diverse. some members include
```
grover Cleveland
Andrew Carnegie
Samuel gompers (labor leader)
Mark Twain
Harvard & Stanford presidents
```
89
(Pro-annexation of Philippines) stepping stone to
Asia--> trade
90
(Pro-annexation of Philippines) if not U.S keeping Philippines, then...
others, such as Germany and Japan, will
91
(Pro-annexation of Philippines) lift up and
civilize Filipinos
92
(anti-annexation of Philippines) against our
principles (right to self govern)
93
(anti-annexation of Philippines) people were
racist
94
(anti-annexation of Philippines) do not want .... to be part of U.S.
non-whites
95
(anti-annexation of Philippines) cheap labor undercuts
U.S. workers
96
senate approves treaty of paris by just
1 vote for 2/3 required majority
97
important question: does U.S. constitution
follow the flag?
98
does constitution follow the flag means: do people of territories deserve
citizenship and rights?
99
insular cases (decision): constitution doesn't automatically
apply to U.S. held territories
100
Philippines annexed: Filipinos are not .... which causes ...
citizens; resentment
101
Emilio Aguinaldo turns rebels against
U.S.
102
brutal war: ... and ... on part of U.S.
atrocities; concentration camps
103
.... Filipinos killed
200,000
104
.... U.S. troops killed
6,000
105
the Filipino insurrection cost ....
$400 million
106
Aguinaldo captured in
1901
107
July 4, 190: insurrection is
over
108
pardon is granted to
all rebels
109
end of insurrection and pardon is due to
teddy Roosevelt
110
(philippines) 1901: taft begins building
roads, bridges, schools
111
(philippines) 1902: limited
self-government
112
(philippines) 1916: jones Act- more..., eventual ...
self-government; independence
113
(philippines) 1934: independence set for
1944
114
(philippines) independence is delayed by ... during WWII
Japanese occupation
115
(philippines) 1946: gained
full independence
116
Big stick diplomacy (TR): create and use when necessary a
strong military to achieve U.S. goals
117
TR updated the Monroe doctrine to allow the rule of "...." for U.S in ...
police power; Latin America
118
TR's update to the Monroe doctrine is the
Roosevelt corollary
119
u.s. bought rights for proposed panama canal in
1903 from French company
120
Roosevelt saw canal as
essential for U.S.
121
the canal would benefit economy through:
shorter trips for ships
122
the canal would benefit military by allowing U.S. to quickly shift
warships between Atlantic and Pacific
123
problem: Panama was a province of ....
Colombia
124
Colombia didn't want to offer U.S. a
deal
125
big stick in action: TR provides aid to
Panamanian rebels
126
big stick in action: tr sends U.S. navy off coast of
panama (no shots)
127
panama becomes independent and allows access to annex canal zone for
$10 million + $250,000 per year
128
canal opens in 1914: saved 8000 miles/ 45 days from
NY to San Francisco
129
dollar diplomacy used by
president taft
130
taft's idea was to use money instead of ... to achieve U.S. goals in ..
military Latin America
131
(dollar diplomacy-taft) Promote U.S. investment in
mines, plantations, oil and railroads
132
(dollar diplomacy-taft) still used .... e.g. ... in 1909 - 1910
military; Nicaragua
133
(moral diplomacy- President Wilson) promote "
human rights, national integrity and opportunity"
134
(moral diplomacy- President Wilson) U.S. won't seen any new .... (for most part, this remained ...)
territory; true
135
(moral diplomacy- President Wilson) Wilson set the ... for
tone; future presidents
136
(moral diplomacy- President Wilson) Wilson did send troops to
a. ....
b. ...
a. Haiti in 1915 (until 1934)
| b. D.R. in 1917 (until 1924)
137
1911: Mexican
revolution
138
Madero→president, supported by
Wilson
139
1913: Huerta overthrows Madero and executes him and Wilson doesn't
support Huerta
140
1914: Wilson helps some guy overthrow
huerta
141
1914: rebels are unhappy with the new guy's
slow pace
142
Francisco "Pancho" Villa:
rebel leader
143
Villa comes in New Mexico and kills
18 americans
144
because of Villa's actions Wilson sends.... under general
10,000 troops into Mexico; Pershing
145
U.S. never catches Villa and leaves Mexico in
1917 due to WWI
146
(China) spheres of influence: zones of special privileges and access to ... circa ...
Chinese markets granted to foreign powers; 1900
147
(China) U.S. blocked from
trade with China
148
(China) Secretary of State John Hay wrote to great powers in 1899:
Britain, France, Russia, Germany, etc.
149
(China) Hay's letter was about the open door policy, but he was
ignored
150
(China) Chinese secret society "the Boxers" rose up to
cast out "foreign devils"
151
(China) Boxers were ... strong
100M - 300M
152
(China) boxers killed ... and attacked ..
missionaries; embassies
153
(China) .... foreign troops crush ..
20,000; rebellion
154
(China) aftermath of boxer rebellion: Hay
writes again
155
(China) open door: free ... (all ...)
trade; china
156
(China) open door: respect China's
independence
157
(China) open door: U.S. doesn't want
colonies in China
158
(China) Nine Power Treaty (1922): great powers agree to
hay's open door policy
159
(Japan pre-1867) japan was isolated until
1853
160
(Japan pre-1867) japan had no ..., no..., guns were ... because they were considered ....
trade; foreigners; banned; unmanly
161
(Japan pre-1867) the Japanese used ... and ... for weapons
swords; bows and arrows
162
(Japan pre-1867) Japan had controlled contact with
dutch and Chinese traders in Nagasaki only
163
(treaty of kanagawa) 1853: U.S. Commmodore Perry and 4 warships were sent to
Japan
164
(treaty of kanagawa) U.S. forced japan to open to
u.s. trade
165
(treaty of kanagawa) trade was ... at first but then it was expanded against ...
limited; Japan's will
166
(treaty of kanagawa) extraterritoriality: U.S. citizens exempt from
Japan's laws
167
(treaty of kanagawa) 1862, Shogun sent officials and scholars to China to
study the situation there
168
(treaty of kanagawa) forward thinking nobles resent Shogun for
unequal treaty with U.S.
169
(treaty of kanagawa) Japan was considered to be at
risk
170
(treaty of kanagawa) overthrew ... and restored ...
Shogun; emperor
171
(treaty of kanagawa) began process of
major reforms
172
(treaty of kanagawa) emperor Meiji:
1868-1912
173
(1868-1900) Japan modernizes using
western model
174
(1868-1900) modernized Japan:
industrialization, market economy, social changes (business class respected), modern army and navy
175
(1868-1900) new slogan: "Japanese spirit,
Western technology!"
176
(1868-1900) 1900: Russia and Japan were competing for dominance in
Korea and northeast China
177
(1868-1900) Japan resented Europeans and America in Asia because they wanted to
dominate Asia
178
(1868-1900) Japan wins war with China for
dominance in Korea
179
Russo-Japanese war from 1904-1905: tensions
rising
180
Feb 1904: surprise naval attack by Japan
destroys Russian fleet
181
Russo-Japanese war: high
casualties
182
Russia losing war and there is a
revolution at home
183
Czar forced to recognize a
Parliament
184
Japanese financial and military resources were
depleted despite victories
185
treaty of portsmouth: japan influence over
korea recognized
186
treaty of Portsmouth: Russian troops out of
Manchuria
187
treaty of Portsmouth: Japan gets half of
Sakhalin Island
188
TR gets ... for the treaty of portsmouth
nobel peace prize
189
significance of war: Non-European nation defeats major
European power
190
San Francisco Board of Ed-1906: Asian children couldn't
attend school with white kids
191
decision of San Fran BOE causes outrage. Japanese government is ... and there is talk of ...
insulted; war
192
TR takes action through the
"gentlemen's Agreement"
193
Gentlemen's agreement: san fran schools no longer
segregate
194
gentlement's agreement: Japan agrees to limit
immigration
195
(great white fleet) tr orders U.S. fleet (including 16 battleships) for a
good will cruise around the world
196
(great white fleet) painted white to emphasize
"peaceful" intensions
197
(great white fleet) purpose: to show the world that the U.S. has a
big stick (big navy)
