(VI)Gram Positive Cocci (2)*Staphylococcus aureus Flashcards
Characterize (5) : Staph. aureus
(1) Catalase (+)
(2) Coagulase (+)
(3) β-hemolytic
(4) Ferments mannitol
(5) gram (+) cocci
What color does Staph. aureus turn mannitol agar?
Yellow
(Aureus = gold)
What is Staph. aureus’ main virulence factor?
Protein A
MOA: Staph. aureus’ Protein A
**Binds Fc region of IgG **
(⇒ Inhibition of complement ⇒ Inhibition of phagocytosis and opsonization)
Where does Staph. aureus colonize?
Nares (nostrils)
(And many other places)
Name 7 common infections caused by Staph. aureus
- Localized skin infections (often suppurative): folliculitis, carbuncle, furuncle, impetigo, cellulitis, surgical wound infection
- Deep infections (forms deep abscesses): osteomyelitis, septic arthritis, various other organs (kidney, brain, lung)
- Endocarditis (acute and rapidly fatal, usually left-sided, right-sided occurs in intravenous drug abusers - IVDA)
- Pneumonia (secondary to influenza viral infections, following right-sided endocarditis – commonly in IVDA)
- SSSS (due to epidermolytic toxins)
- Toxic shock syndrome (due to TSST-1)
- Food poisoning (due to enterotoxins)
How does pneumonia caused by Staph. aureus appear on chest x-ray?
Patchy infiltrate
What is the most common predisposing factor to developing pneumonia due to Staph. aureus?
Secondary to influenza viral infections
Who most commonly contracts Staph. aureus endocarditis?
IV drug abusers (IVDA)
Which valve is usually affected in Staph. aureus endocarditis?
Tricuspid valve
(First valve seeded by IV drug use)
Exotoxins (3) : Staph. aureus
(1) Epidermolytic toxin
(2) TSST
(3) Enterotoxin
(TSST = Toxin Shock Syndrome Toxin)
Which Staph. aureus exotoxin is a superantigen?
Toxic Shock Syndrome Toxin
Describe the food poisoning caused by Staph. aureus’ enterotoxin
(1) Rapid onset
(2) Mostly vomiting
(Rapid onset because it’s due to ingestion of preformed toxins)
What type of food is most associated with food poisoning due to Staph. aureus?
Mayonnaise and meats
What is the preferred treatment for MRSA?
Vancomycin, linzolid, ceftabiprole, ceftaroline, daptomycin