(V)Gram Negative Rods Vibrio spp. Flashcards
Characterize (4) : Vibrio cholera
(1) **Gram (-) curved (comma shaped) rod **
(2) Fimbriae
(3) Acid labile
(4) (+) Oxidase
Which bacteria is most commonly described as “comma-shaped”?
V. cholerae
(Other curved rods are more helical)
Describe the diarrhea caused by V. cholera
“Rice water stools”
Is V. cholera invasive?
No
(Only attaches to intestinal wall with fimbriae)
MOA: Cholera toxin
Activates Gs
⇒ ↑ cAMP
⇒ Electrolyte secretion
⇒ Diarrhea
Treatment: V. cholera
Oral rehydration
(Should have a little bit of glucose and salt to increase water absorption. Na+ dependent glucose uptake + Cl- for charge balance ⇒ 3 solutes and corresponding water absorbed)
What type of media does V. cholera grow best in?
Alkaline
(∴ Acid labile)
How does V. parahaemolyticus infection occur?
Eating contaminated oysters/seafood
(V. vulnificus as well)
Vibrio Cholera
Transmission:[…]
Virulence factor: […]
Clinical Presentation:
[…]
Treatment:
[…]
Vibrio Cholera
Transmission: faecal oral
Virulence factor: Cholera toxins —> prevents active reabsorption of electrolytes and water
Clinical Presentation:
Copious watery painless diarrhea, aka rice water diarrhea (SEVERE dehydration without abdominal pain or fever. CAN CAUSE DEATH IN A DAY)
Treatment:
- ORS
- Cipro or Tetracyclin
Note:
- non-invasive (doesn’t go to other parts of body), unlike v. parahaemolyticus
- legally notifiable disease
Vibrio Cholerae grows […] on TCBS agar (sucrose fermenting)
Vibrio Parahaemolyticus grows […] on TCBS agar (non-sucrose fermenting)
Vibrio Cholerae grows yellow on TCBS agar (sucrose fermenting)
Vibrio Parahaemolyticus grows green on TCBS agar (non-sucrose fermenting)
TCBS = Thiosulfphate-Citrate-Bilesalts-Sucrose agar
Honestly I myself also cannot see the yellow word but thats what we want right LOL
Vibrio parahaemolyticus
Transmission:
[…]
Virulence factor:
[…]
Clinical presentation:
[…]
Treatment
[…]
Vibrio parahaemolyticus
Transmission:
Contaminated seafood
Virulence factor:
Enterotoxin
Clinical presentation:
- acute onset of explosive watery diarrhea or frank dysentry-like syndrome (with cramping and abdominal pain and low-grade fever)
- Food poisoning (diarrhea, vomitting)
Treatment
- usually self limiting
- antibiotics don’t alter course
dysentery: *infection of the intestines resulting in severe diarrhoea with the presence of blood and mucus in the faeces.
*
Note: this is invasive
Vibrio vulnificus infection
Transmission: […]
Clinical Presentation:
[…]
Treatment:
[…]
Vibrio vulnificus infection
Transmission: contaminated seawater and wounds
Clinical Presentation:
1. Food poisoning: self-limiting diarrhea
- acute septicaemia in immunocompromised:high fever, hypotension and multiple erythematous skin infection - turns haemmorhagic, necrotic and ulcerating
2. Wound infection: cellulitis with edema erythema and life-threatening necrosis
Treatment:
- Aggressive surgical wound Debridement
- combination: doxy/ceftazidime/cipro
Vibro spp. are gram negative rods that appear […].
They are mostly found in […] and are mostly oxidase […]
4 Examples of species include
[…]
Similar to the species is
aeromonas spp –> causes occasional diarrhea and skin infection
Vibro spp. are gram negative rods that appear curved.
They are mostly found in surface waters around the world and are mostly oxidase positive
4 Examples of species include
- V. cholerae
- V. parahaemolyticus
- V. alginolyticus
- V. vulnificus
Similar to the species is
aeromonas spp –> causes occasional diarrhea and skin infection
“as a guy is PARAchuting into a CHlorinated lake with ALGae, a VULture is attacking him”
