MicroB Antimicrobials 2. Bacteria Cell Wall Inhibitors Flashcards
1st - 4th gen Cephalosporins lacks activity against mnemonic “LAME”
- L[…]
- A[…]
- M[…]
- E[…]
1st - 4th gen Cephalosporins lacks activity against mnemonic “LAME”
- Listeria Monocytogenes
- Atypicals (Mycoplasma, Chlamydia, Legionella spp.)
- MRSA
- E**nterococcus **
A characteristic adverse reaction to Vancomycin is called the […] or […] syndrome
a. Rash above […] line due to histamine release when vancomycin is infused too rapidly
b. Accompanied by […]
Can be prevented by […] duration of infusion to 1-2 hours
A characteristic adverse reaction to Vancomycin is called the “Red-neck” or “Red man” syndrome
a. Rash above nipple line due to histamine release when vancomycin is infused too rapidly
b. Accompanied by hypotension
Can be prevented by prolonging duration of infusion to 1-2 hours
ALL cell wall inhibitors are cleared […] except for […] (40% secreted in bile –> hepatic)
ezdab
ALL cell wall inhibitors are cleared renally except for Ceftriaxone (40% secreted in bile –> hepatic)
All renal except the tri-axe
Bacteria cell wall synthesis inhibitors weakens cell wall structure in […] growing bacterial cells, resulting in build up of […] and hence […] of the bacterial cells.
What are the 2 classes of bacteria cell wall synthesis inhibitors?
1. […]: Penicillins, Cephalosporins, Carpanenems, Monobactam (Aztreonam)
2. […]: Vancomycin
How are they different?
- Beta Lactams binds to transpeptidase (PBP) enzyme, inhibiting cross linking of polymer chains
- Glycopeptides binds to D-Ala-D-Ala terminus of NAM component, inhibiting transglycosylation of cell wall precursor units
**Bacteria cell wall synthesis inhibitors **weakens cell wall structure in actively growing bacterial cells, resulting in **build up of intracellular osmotic pressure and hence lysis (kaboom) of the bacterial cells.
What are the 2 classes of bacteria cell wall synthesis inhibitors?
1. Beta Lactams: Penicillins, Cephalosporins, Carpanenems, Monobactam (Aztreonam)
2. Glycopeptides: Vancomycin
How are they different?
- Beta Lactams binds to transpeptidase (PBP) enzyme, inhibiting cross linking of polymer chains
- Glycopeptides binds to D-Ala-D-Ala terminus of NAM component, inhibiting transglycosylation of cell wall precursor units
Bacteria cell wall synthesis inhibitors weakens cell wall structure in actively growing bacterial cells, resulting in build up of intracellular osmotic pressure and hence lysis (kaboom) of the bacterial cells.
What are the 2 classes of bacteria cell wall synthesis inhibitors?
1. Beta Lactams: Penicillins, Cephalosporins, Carpanenems, Monobactam (Aztreonam)
2. Glycopeptides: Vancomycin
How are they different?
- […]
- […]
Bacteria cell wall synthesis inhibitors weakens cell wall structure in actively growing bacterial cells, resulting in build up of intracellular osmotic pressure and hence lysis (kaboom) of the bacterial cells.
What are the 2 classes of bacteria cell wall synthesis inhibitors?
1. Beta Lactams: Penicillins, Cephalosporins, Carpanenems, Monobactam (Aztreonam)
2. Glycopeptides: Vancomycin
How are they different?
- Beta Lactams binds to transpeptidase (PBP) enzyme, inhibiting cross linking of polymer chains
- Glycopeptides binds to D-Ala-D-Ala terminus of NAM component, inhibiting transglycosylation of cell wall precursor units
Beta Lactam adverse reactions (Cephalosporin & Carbapenems)
- […] w Penicillin
- Potential cross-hypersensitivity, avoid if pt has hx of anaphylaxis with penicillin - […] problems
- Diarrhea, etc
Beta Lactam adverse reactions (Cephalosporin & Carbapenems)
-
Hypersensitivity w Penicillin
- Potential cross-hypersensitivity, avoid if pt has hx of anaphylaxis with penicillin -
GIT problems
- Diarrhea, etc
Main ADR is hypersensitivity and cross-reactivity w penicillin.
GIT problems quite common for alot of drugs.
Beta Lactams binds to active site of […] enzyme, inhibiting cross linking of polymer chains
Beta Lactams binds to active site of **transpeptidase (PBP) **enzyme, inhibiting cross linking of polymer chains
Carbapenems is first line agent for […] producing bacteria (Gram -ve), such as E.coli, klebs, etc.
Carbapenems is first line agent for ESBL **(Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase) producing bacteria (Gram -ve**), such as E.coli, klebs, etc.
because ESBL wipes out penicillins + 1st – 3rd gen cephalosporins!!! 4th and 5th gen also not really useful against ESBL ☹
If u see ESBL producing bacteria, whack what??? CARBAPENEMS!!!!
Glycopeptides binds to […] terminus of […] component, inhibiting […] of cell wall precursor units
Glycopeptides binds to* D-Ala-D-Ala* terminus of NAM component, inhibiting transglycosylation of cell wall precursor units
Daladala of NAM HAHHAHAHA
MIC = […] = lowest concentration with no visible growth
Lower mic = […] susceptible
Expressed as mg/L (MIC) or mm (Disc)
MIC = Minimum Inhibitory Concentration = lowest concentration with no visible growth
Lower mic = more susceptible
Expressed as mg/L (MIC) or mm (Disc)
Came out in MEQ.
Pen G is administered […]
Pen V is administered […]
Pen G is administered IV/IM
Pen V is administered orally
How to rmb? cuz V is not IV lol…
Resistance to Beta-lactams can be due to (IMPT!!!)
1. […]
2. […]
Which bacteria has both of these 2 Beta-lactam resistance mechanisms?
[…]
Resistance to Beta-lactams can be due to (IMPT!!!)
1. Beta Lactamase Enzymes
2. Altered PBP
Which bacteria has both of these 2 Beta-lactam resistance mechanisms?
N. Gonorrhoeae
PBP = Penicillin Binding Protein
Why MRSA is resistant to penicillins/co-amoxiclav/1st-4th Gen cephalosporins/Carbapenems?
MRSA has the […] gene which codes for […] (does not bind to, so is resistant to penicillins/co-amoxiclav/1st -4th Gen cephalosporins/carbapenems)
How is MRSA treated then?
MRSA is treated with […], […], or […]
Why MRSA is resistant to penicillins/co-amoxiclav/1st-4th Gen cephalosporins/Carbapenems?
MRSA has the MecA gene which codes for PBP2 (does not bind to, so is resistant to penicillins/co-amoxiclav/1st -4th Gen cephalosporins/carbapenems)
How is MRSA treated then?
MRSA is treated with Vancomycin, Linezolid, or 5th Gen cephalosporins (Ceftabiprole/Ceftaroline)
MRSA = Meticillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus.
Bread and butter knowledge. Often tested.
