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Biol 348 Anatomy > vessels and circulation > Flashcards

vessels and circulation Flashcards

1
Q
  1. Gas, nutrient, and waste exchange occur between the __________ and the tissues of the body.
    A. arteries
    B. veins
    C. capillaries
    D. capillaries and veins
    E. capillaries and arteries
A

C. capillaries

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2
Q
  1. As an arterial pathway moves farther from the heart, the arteries
    A. get smaller.
    B. get larger.
    C. show no change in their lumen size.
A

A. get smaller.

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3
Q
  1. As a venous pathway moves closer to the heart, the veins
    A. get smaller.
    B. get larger.
    C. show no change in their lumen size.
A

B. get larger.

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4
Q
  1. Which are considered end arteries?
    A. Epigastric arteries
    B. Renal arteries
    C. Splenic arteries
    D. Epigastric and renal arteries
    E. Renal and splenic arteries
A

E. Renal and splenic arteries

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5
Q
  1. A network of small arteries called the ___________ provides a blood supply to the tunica externa of
    very large vessels.
    A. vasa vasorum
    B. companion vessels
    C. distributing arteries
    D. fenestrated arteries
    E. thoroughfare channels
A

A. vasa vasorum

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6
Q
  1. The ________ is composed of an endothelium and a subendothelial layer made up of a thin layer of
    areolar connective tissue.
    A. tunica media
    B. tunica externa
    C. tunica intima
    D. tunica adventitia
    E. None of the answers is correct.
A

C. tunica intima

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7
Q
  1. The ________ is composed of circularly arranged layers of smooth muscle cells.
    A. tunica media
    B. tunica externa
    C. tunica intima
    D. tunica interna
    E. None of the answers is correct.
A

A. tunica media

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8
Q
  1. In arteries, the thickest layer of the wall is the
    A. tunica media.
    B. tunica externa.
    C. tunica intima.
    D. tunica adventitia.
    E. None of these answers is correct.
A

A. tunica media.

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9
Q
  1. Which are found in the capillary wall?
    a: Endothelium
    b: Subendothelial layer
    c: Internal elastic lamina
    d: Intercellular clefts
    e: External elastic lamina
    f: Basement membrane
    A. a, d, f
    B. a, b, d, f
    C. a, b, d, e, f
    D. a, c, d, e, f
    E. b, d, e, f
A

A. a, d, f

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10
Q
  1. In general, as an artery’s diameter decreases, there is a(n)
    A. decrease in the amount of smooth muscle and an increase in the number of elastic fibers.
    B. increase in the amount of smooth muscle and a decrease in the number of elastic fibers.
    C. increase in both smooth muscle and elastic fibers.
    D. decrease in both smooth muscle and elastic fibers.
A

B. increase in the amount of smooth muscle and a decrease in the number of elastic fibers.

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11
Q
  1. The largest arteries of the body are classified as
    A. muscular arteries.
    B. arterioles.
    C. elastic arteries.
    D. muscular and elastic since they have the same dimensions.
A

C. elastic arteries.

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12
Q
  1. Which is the correct order of artery types for the passage of blood from the heart to the capillaries?
    a: Elastic arteries
    b: Arterioles
    c: Muscular arteries
    A. a, b, c
    B. a, c, b
    C. c, a, b
    D. c, b, a
    E. b, a, c
A

B. a, c, b

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13
Q
  1. Vasoconstriction of the arterioles will result in ________ in blood pressure.
    A. an increase
    B. a decrease
    C. no change
A

A. an increase

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14
Q
  1. Which of the artery types contain the internal and external elastic laminae?
    A. Elastic arteries
    B. Arterioles
    C. Muscular arteries
    D. Elastic and muscular arteries
    E. Elastic arteries and arterioles
A

C. Muscular arteries

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15
Q
  1. In the elastic arteries, which of the tunics have elastic fibers?
    A. Tunica externa
    B. Tunica intima
    C. Tunica media
    D. Tunica media and tunica externa
    E. Tunica media, tunica intima, and tunica externa
A

E. Tunica media, tunica intima, and tunica externa

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16
Q
  1. The systemic veins carry blood that is _______ oxygen.
    A. low in
    B. high in
    C. absent of any
A

A. low in

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17
Q
  1. In general, arterioles have _______ layers of smooth muscle.
    A. fewer than six
    B. more than six
    C. exactly six
    D. no
A

A. fewer than six

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18
Q
  1. The function of the postcapillary venule is to
    A. allow for diffusion of nutrients to the tissues.
    B. allow for diffusion of metabolic wastes from the tissues.
    C. drain the capillary bed.
    D. supply metarteriole with blood.
    E. allow for diffusion of nutrients and metabolic wastes.
A

C. drain the capillary bed.

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19
Q
  1. Precapillary sphincters will
    A. control blood flow into the true capillaries.
    B. cause blood to flow directly from the metarteriole into the postcapillary venule.
    C. open when the tissue needs nutrients.
    D. close when the tissue’s needs have been met.
    E. All of these answers are correct.
A

E. All of these answers are correct.

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20
Q
  1. Sinusoids are found in
    a: Bone marrow
    b: Spleen
    c: Small intestine
    d: Kidney
    e: Liver
    f: Muscle
    g: Skin
    A. a, b, e
    B. b, c, e, f
    C. c, d
    D. f, g
    E. b, c, d, g
A

A. a, b, e

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21
Q
  1. The most common type of capillaries are
    A. fenestrated.
    B. sinusoids.
    C. continuous.
    D. venules.
    E. discontinuous.
A

C. continuous.

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22
Q
  1. Muscles, skin, the thymus, the lungs, and the CNS contain
    A. sinusoid capillaries.
    B. continuous capillaries.
    C. fenestrated capillaries.
    D. None of these answers is correct.
A

B. continuous capillaries.

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23
Q
  1. A venule becomes a vein when its diameter is greater than ____ micrometers.
    A. 1
    B. 10
    C. 100
    D. 1000
    E. None of these answers is correct.
A

C. 100

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24
Q
  1. Valves in veins
    A. make the use of a skeletal muscle pump unnecessary for venous blood flow.
    B. are the leading cause of high blood pressure.
    C. are found only in the largest veins.
    D. cause venous blood flow to go in only one direction.
    E. are formed of the tunica media.
A

D. cause venous blood flow to go in only one direction.

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25
Q
  1. Blood pressure is lowest in
    A. arteries.
    B. veins.
    C. arterioles.
    D. venules.
    E. capillaries.
A

B. veins.

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26
Q
  1. The force per unit area that blood places on the inside wall of a blood vessel
    A. is called the pulse.
    B. is called the blood pressure.
    C. increases the farther the vessel is from the heart.
    D. is greater during diastole.
    E. is greater in the inferior vena cava than in the common iliac vein.
A

B. is called the blood pressure.

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27
Q
  1. Increased cardiac output ______ the blood pressure.
    A. decreases
    B. increases
    C. will not affect
A

B. increases

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28
Q
  1. The end of the aorta occurs when the vessel bifurcates into the
    A. brachiocephalic artery.
    B. subclavian arteries.
    C. common iliac arteries.
    D. common carotid arteries.
A

C. common iliac arteries.

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29
Q
  1. The artery that bifurcates into the right subclavian artery and the right common carotid artery is the
    A. brachiocephalic artery.
    B. right common iliac artery.
    C. right brachial artery.
    D. right coronary artery.
    E. superior vena cava.
A

A. brachiocephalic artery.

30
Q
  1. The artery pair that supplies the lower limbs are the
    A. common carotid arteries.
    B. internal iliac arteries.
    C. subclavian arteries.
    D. external iliac arteries.
    E. vertebral arteries.
A

D. external iliac arteries.

31
Q
  1. The most immediate artery responsible for supplying the teeth, gums, nasal cavity, and meninges is
    the _____ artery.
    A. superficial temporal
    B. maxillary
    C. lingual
    D. occipital
    E. ascending pharyngeal
A

B. maxillary

32
Q

The artery that will eventually divide to form the posterior cerebral arteries is the _____ artery.

A. basilar
B. external carotid
C. maxillary
D. superficial temporal
E. internal carotid

A

A. basilar

33
Q
  1. The cerebral arterial circle is an anastomosis of arteries around the
    A. pons.
    B. medulla oblongata.
    C. sella turcica.
    D. frontal lobes.
    E. dural venous sinuses.
A

C. sella turcica.

34
Q
  1. The anterior communicating artery of the cerebral arterial circle connects the
    A. posterior cerebral arteries.
    B. anterior cerebral arteries.
    C. vertebral arteries.
    D. basilar artery and the internal carotid artery.
    E. posterior communicating artery and the middle cerebral artery.
A

B. anterior cerebral arteries.

35
Q

35.
The brachiocephalic veins are formed by the
a: Internal jugular veins
b: Right sigmoid sinus
c: Left sigmoid sinus
d: Subclavian veins
e: Straight sinus

A. a, b, e
B. a, c, d
C. b, c, e
D. a, d
E. b, d, e

A

D. a, d

36
Q
  1. The internal thoracic artery will become the _________, which carries blood to the superior
    abdominal wall.
    A. superior epigastric artery
    B. inferior epigastric artery
    C. anterior intercostal arteries
    D. musculophrenic artery
A

A. superior epigastric artery

37
Q
  1. At the bifurcation of the aorta in the pelvic region, the _______ artery arises to supply the sacrum and
    coccyx.
    A. lumbar
    B. posterior intercostal
    C. subclavian
    D. median sacral
    E. femoral
A

D. median sacral

38
Q
  1. The superior vena cava is formed by the merging of the _______ veins.
    A. internal thoracic
    B. inferior epigastric
    C. lumbar
    D. brachiocephalic
    E. internal jugular
A

D. brachiocephalic

39
Q
  1. Which send blood to either esophageal arteries or esophageal branches to supply the esophagus with
    blood?
    A. Thoracic aorta
    B. Bronchial arteries
    C. Left gastric artery
    D. Thoracic aorta and left gastric artery
    E. Bronchial arteries and left gastric artery
A

D. Thoracic aorta and left gastric artery

40
Q
  1. Superior phrenic arteries supply the ______ and emerge from the _____.
    A. diaphragm; descending abdominal aorta
    B. diaphragm; descending thoracic aorta
    C. stomach; descending abdominal aorta
    D. pancreas; descending abdominal aorta
    E. esophagus; descending thoracic aorta
A

B. diaphragm; descending thoracic aorta

41
Q
  1. Which are unpaired arteries?
    a: Superior phrenic
    b: Celiac trunk
    c: Superior mesenteric
    d: Inferior mesenteric
    e: Inferior phrenic
    f: Vertebral
    A. a, d, e, f
    B. b, d, f
    C. b, c, d
    D. a, b, e
    E. b, c, f
A

C. b, c, d

42
Q
  1. The branches that arise from the celiac trunk are the
    A. left gastric and splenic arteries.
    B. left gastroepiploic and splenic arteries.
    C. left gastric and common hepatic arteries.
    D. left gastric, left gastroepiploic, and splenic arteries.
    E. left gastric, splenic, and common hepatic arteries.
A

E. left gastric, splenic, and common hepatic arteries.

43
Q
  1. The artery that arises from the descending aorta and is immediately inferior to the celiac trunk is the
    _____ artery.
    A. inferior mesenteric
    B. right gastric
    C. common hepatic
    D. superior mesenteric
    E. splenic
A

D. superior mesenteric

44
Q
  1. Which supply the pancreas?
    a: Inferior mesenteric artery
    b: Gastroduodenal artery
    c: Gastroepiploic artery
    d: Splenic artery
    e: Superior mesenteric artery
    A. b, d, e
    B. a, d, e
    C. b, c, e
    D. a, c, e
    E. b, e
A

A. b, d, e

45
Q
  1. The inferior mesenteric artery supplies blood to the
    A. transverse colon.
    B. transverse colon and descending colon.
    C. sigmoid colon.
    D. sigmoid colon and ascending colon.
    E. transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, and rectum.
A

E. transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, and rectum.

46
Q
  1. Which carries blood from the liver to the inferior vena cava?
    A. Hepatic portal vein
    B. Splenic vein
    C. Inferior mesenteric vein
    D. Superior mesenteric vein
    E. Hepatic veins
A

E. Hepatic veins

47
Q
  1. Which vein receives blood from the pancreatic veins, short gastric veins, and the right gastroepiploic
    vein?
    A. Splenic vein
    B. Inferior mesenteric vein
    C. Posterior mesenteric vein
    D. Hepatic veins
    E. Hepatic portal vein
A

A. Splenic vein

48
Q
  1. The left renal vein, right renal vein, right suprarenal vein, and right gonadal vein merge directly into
    the
    A. superior vena cava.
    B. great saphenous vein.
    C. inferior vena cava.
    D. common iliac vein.
    E. obturator vein.
A

C. inferior vena cava.

49
Q
  1. Which situations are shared by both the blood supply of the lower extremity and the upper extremity?
    a: Supplied by a main arterial vessel
    b: Have arterial arches
    c: Have venous arches
    d: Have superficial network of veins
    e: Have deep network of veins
    A. a, c, d
    B. a, b, c, d
    C. b, d
    D. b, c, e
    E. a, b, c, d, e
A

E. a, b, c, d, e

50
Q

50.
Which sequence indicates the correct pathway for blood in the arterial flow of the upper limb?

A. Axillary artery - brachial artery - subclavian artery - ulnar artery
B. Brachial artery - subclavian artery - axillary artery - radial artery
C. Axillary artery - subclavian artery - radial artery - ulnar artery
D. Subclavian artery - brachial artery - axillary artery - radial artery
E. Subclavian artery - axillary artery - brachial artery - ulnar artery

A

E. Subclavian artery - axillary artery - brachial artery - ulnar artery

51
Q
  1. The arteries that anastomose and form the two arterial arches in the palm are the _____ and _____
    arteries.
    A. axillary; subclavian
    B. radial; ulnar
    C. radial; brachial
    D. ulnar; brachial
    E. axillary; brachial
A

B. radial; ulnar

52
Q
  1. The _________ run(s) adjacent to the medial surface of the upper limb and eventually helps form the
    axillary vein.
    A. cephalic vein
    B. radial veins
    C. ulnar veins
    D. brachial veins
    E. basilic vein
A

E. basilic vein

53
Q
  1. The popliteal artery supplies the
    A. hip joint.
    B. ankle joint.
    C. knee joint.
    D. elbow joint.
    E. palmar region.
A

C. knee joint.

54
Q
  1. Digital arteries extend from the
    a: Superficial palmar arch
    b: Deep palmar arch
    c: Plantar arch
    A. a
    B. b, c
    C. c
    D. a, b
    E. a, b, c
A

E. a, b, c

55
Q
  1. The artery that divides and forms the anterior and posterior tibial arteries is the _____ artery.
    A. femoral
    B. popliteal
    C. medial plantar
    D. deep femoral
    E. axillary
A

B. popliteal

56
Q
  1. The vein that drains immediately into the femoral vein is the ______ vein.
    A. small saphenous
    B. common iliac
    C. posterior tibial
    D. anterior tibial
    E. great saphenous
A

E. great saphenous

57
Q
  1. The veins that merge to form the inferior vena cava are the _____ veins.
    A. external iliac
    B. internal iliac
    C. popliteal
    D. posterior and anterior tibial
    E. common iliac
A

E. common iliac

58
Q
  1. Typically, there are _____ left and _____ right pulmonary veins to carry the oxygenated blood to the
    left atrium.
    A. three; two
    B. two; three
    C. four; four
    D. two; two
    E. three; three
A

D. two; two

59
Q
  1. The pulmonary arteries have _____ elastic tissue and ______ lumens than systemic arteries.
    A. less; wider
    B. more; narrower
    C. more; wider
    D. less; narrower
A

A. less; wider

60
Q
  1. The vitelline system of fetal circulation
    A. drains the gastrointestinal region.
    B. supplies the placenta.
    C. forms the veins of the head and neck.
    D. forms the veins of the body wall.
    E. drains the limbs.
A

A. drains the gastrointestinal region.

61
Q
  1. The __________ vein of fetal circulation forms the hepatic portal system and the liver sinusoids, as
    well as a portion of the inferior vena cava.
    A. right vitelline
    B. left vitelline
    C. anterior cardinal
    D. subcardinal
A

A. right vitelline

62
Q
  1. During blood vessel development, the brachiocephalic trunk is formed from the
    A. common dorsal aorta.
    B. aortic sac.
    C. umbilical arteries.
    D. umbilical vein.
    E. fifth aortic arch vessel.
A

B. aortic sac.

63
Q
  1. By the second month of development, within the umbilical cord there are _____ umbilical vein(s) and
    _____ umbilical artery(ies).
    A. one; one
    B. two; two
    C. one; two
    D. two; one
    E. two; three
A

C. one; two

64
Q
  1. During blood vessel development, the ________ veins form the hemiazygos and azygos system of
    veins.
    A. subcardinal
    B. supracardinal
    C. anterior cardinal
    D. umbilical
    E. vitelline
A

B. supracardinal

65
Q
  1. Which fetal circulatory structure shunts blood from the pulmonary trunk to the aorta?
    A. Foramen ovale
    B. Ductus venosus
    C. Ductus arteriosus
    D. Umbilical vein
    E. Umbilical artery
A

C. Ductus arteriosus

66
Q
  1. The reason much of the blood in the fetal right atrium is shunted to the left atrium through the
    foramen ovale is
    A. the blood pressure in the right atrium is greater than in the left atrium.
    B. there is a valve that directs the blood that way.
    C. the fetus is in an antigravity situation provided by the amnionic fluid.
    D. the blood pressure in the left atrium is greater than in the right atrium.
    E. the umbilical arteries have valves.
A

A. the blood pressure in the right atrium is greater than in the left atrium.

67
Q
  1. After birth, the umbilical vein becomes the
    A. fossa ovalis.
    B. ligamentum arteriosum.
    C. ligamentum teres.
    D. ligamentum venosum.
    E. medial umbilical ligaments.
A

C. ligamentum teres.

68
Q
  1. The umbilical arteries carry _______ blood.
    A. deoxygenated
    B. oxygenated
    C. no
A

A. deoxygenated

69
Q
  1. The fetal shortcut from the right atrium to the left atrium is the
    A. ductus arteriosus.
    B. ductus venosus.
    C. umbilical vein.
    D. umbilical artery.
    E. foramen ovale.
A

E. foramen ovale.

70
Q
  1. The foramen ovale closes at birth due to
    A. higher pressure in the left atrium, which causes interatrial septum flaps to close.
    B. rapid myocardial tissue growth stimulated by pregnancy hormones.
    C. a rise in fetal oxygen levels, which triggers growth of the epithelial lining.
    D. an increase in endothelial mucous production, which forms a plug.
    E. migration of connective tissue from the right atrioventricular valve.
A

A. higher pressure in the left atrium, which causes interatrial septum flaps to close.

Biol 348 Anatomy (25 decks)

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