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Biol 348 Anatomy > respiratory > Flashcards

respiratory Flashcards

1
Q
  1. Which is not part of the conducting portion of the respiratory system?
    A. Alveoli
    B. Trachea
    C. Larynx
    D. Nasal cavity
    E. Bronchi
A

A. Alveoli

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2
Q
  1. Organize the items listed into the proper sequence of events for gas exchange.
    a: O2
    is transported to cells by circulatory system
    b: O2
    is drawn into the lungs during inhalation
    c: Cells use O2
    and generate CO2
    d: CO2 is exhaled
    e: The circulatory system transports CO2 to the lungs

A. a, b, c, d, e
B. b, a, c, d, e
C. b, a, c, e, d
D. c, e, d, a, b
E. e, d, c, b, a

A

C. b, a, c, e, d

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3
Q
  1. Which is not a function of the respiratory system?
    A. Sound reception
    B. Gas exchange
    C. Olfaction
    D. Gas conditioning
A

A. Sound reception

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4
Q
  1. Several things happen to inhaled air in a process called conditioning. Select the exception.
    A. The air is cooled.
    B. The air is humidified.
    C. The air is cleansed.
    D. The air is moistened.
    E. The air becomes turbulent.
A

A. The air is cooled.

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5
Q
  1. Which does not prevent entrance of foreign bodies into the respiratory system?
    A. Nasal hairs
    B. Twisted passageways
    C. Saliva
    D. Mucus
    E. Lysozyme
A

C. Saliva

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6
Q
  1. The openings into the nasal cavity are the
    A. internal nares.
    B. fauces.
    C. external nares.
    D. paranasal sinuses.
    E. inferior nasal conchae.
A

C. external nares.

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7
Q
  1. Paranasal sinuses are not found within the
    A. sphenoid bone.
    B. frontal bone.
    C. ethmoid bone.
    D. mandible.
    E. maxilla.
A

D. mandible.

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8
Q
  1. Inhaled air is humidified and warmed by the
    A. nasal cavity and the pharynx.
    B. nasal cavity and the larynx.
    C. nasal cavity and the paranasal sinuses.
    D. pharynx and the paranasal sinuses.
    E. tonsils and the paranasal sinuses.
A

C. nasal cavity and the paranasal sinuses

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9
Q
  1. What feature is used by both the respiratory and digestive systems?
    A. Pharynx
    B. Larynx
    C. Nasal cavity
    D. Paranasal sinuses
    E. Esophagus
A

A. Pharynx

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10
Q
  1. Which statement is regarding the oropharynx?
    A. It houses the paired palatine tonsils.
    B. It is located posterior to the oral cavity.
    C. It houses the lingual tonsils.
    D. It houses the pharyngeal tonsil.
    E. It extends from the soft palate to the level of the hyoid bone.
A

D. It houses the pharyngeal tonsil.

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11
Q
  1. Which region(s) of the pharynx is(are) lined by pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium?
    A. Oropharynx
    B. Nasopharynx
    C. Laryngopharynx
    D. Oropharynx and nasopharynx
    E. Oropharynx, nasopharynx, and laryngopharynx
A

B. Nasopharynx

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12
Q
  1. Into what region of the pharynx do auditory tubes open?
    A. Oropharynx
    B. Nasopharynx
    C. Laryngopharynx
A

B. Nasopharynx

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13
Q
  1. Food is normally prevented from entering the nasopharynx by the
    A. elevation of the epiglottis.
    B. elevation of the soft palate.
    C. depression of the hard palate.
    D. closure of the nasal conchae.
    E. constriction of the esophagus.
A

B. elevation of the soft palate.

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14
Q
  1. What structure is also known as the “voice box”?
    A. Larynx
    B. Pharynx
    C. Esophagus
    D. Bronchus
    E. Trachea
A

A. Larynx

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15
Q
  1. What connects the pharynx to the trachea?
    A. Esophagus
    B. Bronchi
    C. Alveolar ducts
    D. Larynx
    E. Nasal cavity
A

D. Larynx

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16
Q
  1. What structure prevents food and drink from entering the trachea, conducts air, and produces sound?
    A. Esophagus
    B. Bronchi
    C. Pharynx
    D. Nasal cavity
    E. Larynx
A

E. Larynx

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17
Q
  1. What structure connects the larynx to the primary bronchi?
    A. Trachea
    B. Pharynx
    C. Esophagus
    D. Bronchioles
    E. Alveolar ducts
A

A. Trachea

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18
Q
  1. The larynx is supported by nine pieces of cartilage. Which cartilages occur in pairs?
    A. Thyroid and corniculate
    B. Corniculate and cuneiform
    C. Cricoid, corniculate, and arytenoid
    D. Corniculate, cuneiform, and arytenoid
    E. Arytenoid and cuneiform
A

D. Corniculate, cuneiform, and arytenoid

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19
Q
  1. What structures actually produce sound?
    A. Vestibular folds
    B. Paranasal sinuses
    C. Arytenoid cartilages
    D. Vestibular ligaments
    E. Vocal folds
A

E. Vocal folds

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20
Q
  1. Which statement is true regarding the location of the trachea?
    A. It lies superior to the esophagus, inferior to the larynx, and superior to the primary bronchi of the
    lungs.
    B. It lies posterior to the esophagus, inferior to the larynx, and superior to the primary bronchi of the
    lungs.
    C. It lies anterior to the esophagus, inferior to the larynx, and inferior to the primary bronchi of the lungs.
    D. It lies anterior to the esophagus, inferior to the larynx, and superior to the primary bronchi of the
    lungs.
    E. It lies superior to the esophagus, superior to the larynx, and superior to the primary bronchi of the
    lungs.
A

D. It lies anterior to the esophagus, inferior to the larynx, and superior to the primary bronchi of the
lungs.

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21
Q
  1. How long is the average trachea?
    A. 12-14 inches
    B. 12-14 cm
    C. 12-14 mm
A

B. 12-14 cm

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22
Q
  1. What type of tissue lines the trachea?
    A. Cuboidal epithelium
    B. Simple squamous epithelium
    C. Stratified squamous keratinized epithelium
    D. Stratified squamous nonkeratinized epithelium
    E. Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
A

E. Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium

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23
Q
  1. Foreign particles
    A. are more likely to lodge in the right primary bronchus.
    B. are more likely to lodge in the left primary bronchus.
    C. can lodge equally in either the right or left bronchi.
A

A. are more likely to lodge in the right primary bronchus.

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24
Q
  1. Which statement is true regarding secondary bronchi?
    A. The right lung has two secondary bronchi and the left lung has three secondary bronchi.
    B. The left lung has two secondary bronchi and the right lung has three secondary bronchi.
    C. Each lung has two secondary bronchi.
    D. Each lung has three secondary bronchi.
    E. Each lung has four secondary bronchi.
A

B. The left lung has two secondary bronchi and the right lung has three secondary bronchi.

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25
Q
  1. Bronchioles are kept open by
    A. rings of cartilage.
    B. plates of cartilage.
    C. skeletal muscle.
    D. smooth muscle.
    E. layers of epithelium.
A

D. smooth muscle.

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26
Q
  1. Which do not belong to the respiratory portion of the respiratory system?
    A. Respiratory bronchioles
    B. Alveolar ducts
    C. Terminal bronchioles
    D. Pulmonary alveoli
    E. Alveolar sacs
A

C. Terminal bronchioles

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27
Q
  1. Alveoli abut against each other, causing them to appear _________ in cross section.
    A. collapsed
    B. polygonal
    C. stratified
    D. circular
    E. flattened
A

B. polygonal

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28
Q
  1. The typical cell making up the alveolar wall is the
    A. alveolar type II cell.
    B. alveolar type I cell.
    C. alveolar macrophages.
    D. dust cells.
    E. septal cell.
A

B. alveolar type I cell.

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29
Q
  1. The alveolar cell that secretes pulmonary surfactant is the
    A. alveolar type II cell.
    B. alveolar type I cell.
    C. alveolar macrophages.
    D. dust cells.
    E. squamous alveolar cell.
A

A. alveolar type II cell.

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30
Q
  1. Phagocytic cells of the alveolus are the
    A. alveolar type II cells.
    B. alveolar type I cells.
    C. alveolar macrophages.
    D. septal cells.
    E. squamous alveolar cells.
A

C. alveolar macrophages.

31
Q
  1. Which is not part of the respiratory membrane?
    A. Capillary endothelium
    B. Fused basement membrane
    C. Plasma membrane of type I cell
    D. Plasma membrane of type II cell
A

D. Plasma membrane of type II cell

32
Q
  1. What prevents the trachea from collapsing?
    A. The internal air pressure within the trachea
    B. The surrounding muscles
    C. The internal epithelium
    D. The C-shaped cartilaginous rings
    E. Nothing, it pulsates (expands and contracts) with each breath.
A

D. The C-shaped cartilaginous rings

33
Q
  1. On each side of the chest, the _________ pleura lines the internal thoracic wall and the __________
    pleura tightly covers the lung.
    A. thoracic; pulmonary
    B. parietal; visceral
    C. visceral; parietal
    D. fibrous; serous
    E. respiratory; pleural
A

B. parietal; visceral

34
Q
  1. Which is not correct about the left lung?
    A. It is slightly smaller than the right lung.
    B. It has a cardiac impression.
    C. It has a cardiac notch.
    D. It has 2 lobes and 1 fissure.
    E. It has an esophageal depression.
A

E. It has an esophageal depression.

35
Q
  1. Each lung consists of a number of segments called
    A. alveolar segments.
    B. bronchopulmonary segments.
    C. mesothelial segments.
    D. pleural segments.
    E. systemic segments.
A

B. bronchopulmonary segments.

36
Q
  1. Foreign particles that are not filtered out by the respiratory epithelium are
    A. dissolved by enzymes in the alveoli.
    B. coughed up during normal daily activities.
    C. collected by lymph nodes.
    D. carried away in blood.
    E. stored in nearby pulmonary alcoves.
A

C. collected by lymph nodes.

37
Q
  1. The hilum of the lung
    A. is an indented area through which the bronchi, pulmonary vessels, lymphatic vessels, and nerves pass.
    B. is the point of exit of exhaled air.
    C. is the point of entrance for inhaled air.
    D. is an elevated area through which the trachea, pulmonary vessels, and nerves pass.
    E. serves to anchor all pulmonary structures to the mediastinum.
A

A. is an indented area through which the bronchi, pulmonary vessels, lymphatic vessels, and nerves pass.

38
Q
  1. You may have noticed that after a large meal you have had some difficulty breathing. Which
    explanation is most accurate with regard to this situation?
    A. The food presses on the bronchi making air flow difficult.
    B. The large quantity of food retards pulmonary blood flow.
    C. Oxygen to the lungs is restricted due to fullness in the stomach.
    D. A full stomach impedes contraction of the diaphragm, limiting inhalation.
    E. It’s just difficult to fill the lungs since blood-filled oxygen is flowing primarily to the stomach.
A

D. A full stomach impedes contraction of the diaphragm, limiting inhalation.

39
Q
  1. These muscles increase thoracic cavity dimensions by elevating the first and second ribs during forced
    inhalation.
    A. External intercostals
    B. Scalenes
    C. Transversus thoracis
    D. Internal intercostals
    E. Serratus posterior inferior
A

B. Scalenes

40
Q

This muscle extends across the inner surface of the thoracic cage and attaches to ribs 26. It helps depress the ribs.

A. External intercostal
B. Scalene
C. Transversus thoracis
D. Internal intercostal
E. Serratus posterior inferior

A

C. Transversus thoracis

41
Q
  1. These muscles extend from a superior rib inferomedially to the adjacent inferior rib. They elevate the
    ribs upon contraction, thereby increasing the transverse dimensions of the thoracic cavity during
    inhalation.
    A. External intercostals
    B. Scalenes
    C. Transversus thoracis
    D. Internal intercostals
    E. Serratus posterior inferior
A

A. External intercostals

42
Q
  1. Contraction of these muscles depresses the ribs, but only during forced exhalation.
    A. External intercostals
    B. Scalenes
    C. Transversus thoracis
    D. Internal intercostals
    E. Serratus posterior inferior
A

D. Internal intercostals

43
Q
  1. At rest, a normal person breathes about _____ times per minute.
    A. 8
    B. 16
    C. 26
    D. 32
    E. 50
A

B. 16

44
Q
  1. The involuntary, rhythmic activities that deliver and remove respiratory gases are regulated in the
    A. brainstem.
    B. midbrain.
    C. cerebellum.
    D. cerebral nuclei.
    E. occipital lobe of the brain.
A

A. brainstem.

45
Q
  1. Which is not a regulatory center for respiration?
    A. Apneustic center
    B. Pulmonary center
    C. Pneumotaxic center
    D. Respiratory rhythmicity center
A

B. Pulmonary center

46
Q
  1. The rate and depth of breathing is regulated by the _____ center.
    A. apneustic
    B. pulmonary
    C. pneumotaxic
    D. respiratory rhythmicity
A

D. respiratory rhythmicity

47
Q
  1. Which center stimulates inspiration by increasing the activity of the dorsal respiratory group (DRG)?
    A. Apneustic center
    B. Pulmonary center
    C. Pneumotaxic center
    D. Respiratory center
A

A. Apneustic center

48
Q
  1. Which center inhibits the activity of the dorsal respiratory group (DRG)?
    A. Apneustic center
    B. Pulmonary center
    C. Pneumotaxic center
    D. Respiratory center
A

C. Pneumotaxic center

49
Q
  1. Which is not a change associated with the aging of the respiratory system?
    A. Increase in the elastic connective tissue in the lungs and the thoracic cavity wall
    B. Reduction in the amount of gas that can be exchanged
    C. Decrease in the ventilation rate
    D. Reduction in the number of alveoli
    E. Accumulation of carbon, dust, and pollution in the lungs
A

A. Increase in the elastic connective tissue in the lungs and the thoracic cavity wall

50
Q
  1. During the development of the respiratory system, the vasculature, muscle, and cartilage of each lung
    form from
    A. ectoderm.
    B. mesoderm.
    C. endoderm.
A

B. mesoderm.

51
Q
  1. During embryonic development, the conducting portion of the respiratory system develops by the
    _____ week.
    A. 4th
    B. 6th
    C. 10th
    D. 12th
    E. 16th
A

E. 16th

52
Q
  1. Primitive alveoli begin to develop profusely in the embryo around the
    A. 8th week.
    B. 18th week.
    C. 28th week.
    D. time of birth.
A

C. 28th week.

53
Q
  1. Pulmonary surfactant begins to appear in the embryo around the
    A. 8th week.
    B. 18th week.
    C. 28th week.
    D. time of birth.
A
54
Q
  1. Approximately how long after birth do alveoli continue to develop?
    A. 8 weeks
    B. 18 weeks
    C. 8 months
    D. 18 months
    E. 8 years
A

E. 8 years

55
Q
  1. Where would you find the trachealis muscle?
    A. Between the esophagus and the diaphragm
    B. Between the trachea and the diaphragm
    C. Superior to the larynx
    D. Between the esophagus and the trachea
    E. Between the larynx and the pharynx
A

D. Between the esophagus and the trachea

56
Q
  1. Following an automobile accident, a broken rib penetrates into the pleural cavity causing blood to
    accumulate in the space between the visceral and parietal pleura. What condition is this?
    A. Pneumothorax
    B. Atelectasis
    C. Tension pneumothorax
    D. Hemothorax
    E. Cystic fibrosis
A

D. Hemothorax

57
Q
  1. Following an automobile accident, a broken rib penetrates into the pleural cavity causing air to
    accumulate in the space between the visceral and parietal pleura. What condition is this?
    A. Pneumothorax
    B. Atelectasis
    C. Tension hemothorax
    D. Hemothorax
    E. Cystic fibrosis
A

A. Pneumothorax

58
Q
  1. Following an automobile accident, a broken rib penetrates into the pleural cavity causing a lung to
    collapse. What condition is this?
    A. Pneumothorax
    B. Atelectasis
    C. Tension pneumothorax
    D. Hemothorax
    E. Cystic fibrosis
A

B. Atelectasis

59
Q
  1. Following an automobile accident a piece of metal penetrates into the pleural cavity causing a large
    gaping hole with resulting lung collapse. What condition is this?
    A. Pneumothorax
    B. Bronchitis
    C. Tension pneumothorax
    D. Hemothorax
    E. Cystic fibrosis
A

C. Tension pneumothorax

60
Q
  1. In a patient with pneumonia, fluid and _________ accumulate in the lung alveoli.
    A. erythrocytes
    B. septal cells
    C. leukocytes
    D. chyme
    E. mast cells
A

C. leukocytes

61
Q
  1. During pulmonary ventilation, relaxation of the diaphragm and external intercostals _________ and
    air flows out of the lungs.
    A. increases the volume of the thoracic cavity
    B. increases the pressure in the thoracic cavity
    C. expands the rib cage
    D. flattens the floor of the thoracic cavity
    E. stimulates the phrenic nerve
A

B. increases the pressure in the thoracic cavity

62
Q
  1. With respect to the control of ventilation, which brain region stimulates the internal intercostal
    muscles to contract, causing forced exhalation?
    A. Dorsal respiratory group (DRG)
    B. Ventral respiratory group (VRG)
    C. Apneustic area
    D. Pneumotaxic area
    E. Pleurotaxic area
A

B. Ventral respiratory group (VRG)

63
Q
  1. What is the primary site for conditioning inhaled air?
    A. Paranasal sinuses
    B. Nasal cavity
    C. Pharynx
    D. Larynx
    E. Trachea
A
64
Q
  1. The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the air and blood in the lungs is called
    A. ventilation.
    B. systemic respiration.
    C. internal respiration.
    D. external respiration.
    E. cellular respiration.
A

D. external respiration.

65
Q
  1. In these views of the larynx, what structure does number 2 indicate?
    A. Cricothyroid muscle
    B. Thyroid cartilage
    C. Hyoid bone
    D. Cricoid cartilage
    E. Thyrohyoid muscle
A

E. Thyrohyoid muscle

66
Q
  1. In these views of the larynx, what structure does number 3 indicate?
    A. Tracheal cartilage
    B. Thyroid cartilage
    C. Epiglottis
    D. Cricoid cartilage
    E. Corniculate cartilage
A
67
Q
  1. In these views of the larynx, what structure does number 4 indicate?
    A. Tracheal cartilage
    B. Thyroid cartilage
    C. Arytenoid cartilage
    D. Cricoid cartilage
    E. Corniculate cartilage
A

D. Cricoid cartilage

68
Q
  1. In these views of the trachea, what type of tissue does number 4 indicate?
    A. Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
    B. Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
    C. Mucous connective tissue
    D. Ciliated simple columnar epithelium
    E. Fibrocartilage
A

B. Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium

69
Q
  1. In these views of the trachea, what structure does number 2 indicate?
    A. Trachealis muscle
    B. Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
    C. Tracheal cartilage
    D. Anular ligament
    E. Carina
A

C. Tracheal cartilage

70
Q
  1. In these views of the trachea, what structure does number 1 indicate?
    A. Trachealis muscle
    B. Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
    C. Goblet cell
    D. Anular ligament
    E. Carina
A

A. Trachealis muscle

71
Q
  1. This figure shows respiratory control centers in the brainstem. What does number 1 indicate?
    A. Pontine respiratory center
    B. Apneustic center
    C. Dorsal respiratory group
    D. Ventral respiratory group
A

A. Pontine respiratory center

72
Q
  1. This figure shows respiratory control centers in the brainstem. What does number 2 indicate?
    A. Central chemoreceptors
    B. Pontine respiratory group
    C. Dorsal respiratory group
    D. Ventral respiratory group
A

A. Central chemoreceptors

73
Q
  1. This figure shows respiratory control centers in the brainstem. What does number 3 indicate?
    A. Pontine respiratory center
    B. Central chemoreceptors
    C. Dorsal respiratory group
    D. Ventral respiratory group
A

C. Dorsal respiratory group

Biol 348 Anatomy (25 decks)

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