endocrine (348) Flashcards
- Endocrine glands
A. are ductless glands.
B. are the organs of the endocrine system.
C. secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream. D. help maintain homeostasis.
E. All of the choices are correct.
E. All of the
choices are correct.
- Which is not characteristic of the endocrine system?
A. Target cells have hormone
receptors
B. Slow reaction time
C. Long-lasting effects
D. Rapid, immediate recovery to
prestimulation state
E. Hormones are released into the bloodstream
D. Rapid, immediate recovery to
prestimulation state
- Which endocrine gland is paired (meaning that there are two in the body)?
A. Pancreas
B. Thyroid
C. Pineal
D. Thymus
E. Adrenal
E. Adrenal
- Steroid hormones are lipids, derived from
A. cholesterol.
B. glycerol.
C. amines.
D. polypeptides.
E. nucleic acids.
A. cholesterol.
- Which hormones are formed from chains of amino acids?
A. Steroids
B. Proteins
C. Biogenic amines
D. Steroids and biogenic amines
E. Proteins and biogenic amines
B. Proteins
- In response to high blood glucose, the pancreas releases insulin to enable glucose to enter
body cells. When the blood glucose level returns to normal, insulin release stops. This is an
example of regulation by
A. endocrine dysplasia.
B. negative feedback.
C. positive feedback.
D. neural regulation.
E. somatic regulation.
B. negative feedback.
- The “master control center” of the endocrine system is the
A. pituitary gland.
B. cerebral cortex.
C. spinal cord.
D. hypothalamus.
E. adrenal cortex.
D. hypothalamus.
- The hypothalamus influences endocrine activity by
A. secreting regulatory hormones that
influence the anterior pituitary gland.
B. producing hormones that are stored in the posterior
pituitary gland.
C. overseeing the autonomic nervous system.
D. stimulating hormone
secretion by the adrenal medulla.
E. All of the choices are correct.
E. All of the choices are correct.
- The secretion of ___________ by the anterior pituitary gland is not under the control of a
hypothalamic regulatory hormone.
A. growth hormone
B. prolactin
C. thyroid-stimulating
hormone
D. follicle-stimulating hormone
E. melanocyte-stimulating hormone
E. melanocyte-stimulating hormone
- Where is the pituitary gland located?
A. Within the sella turcica of the sphenoid bone
B. Between the cerebrum and cerebellum, inferior to the occipital lobe
C. On the posterior
surface of the thyroid gland
D. On the tracheal surface, inferior to the larynx
E. Within the third
ventricle of the brain
A. Within the sella turcica of the sphenoid bone
- The three distinct areas of the anterior pituitary are the
A. pars nervosa, pars distalis, and
pars intermedia.
B. pars distalis, pars intermedia, and pars tuberalis.
C. pars tuberalis, median eminence, and pars intermedia.
D. pars tuberalis, pars distalis, and pars nervosa.
E. pars intermedia, median eminence, and pars distalis.
B. pars distalis, pars intermedia, and pars tuberalis.
- In which order would blood flow through these structures as it travels from the hypothalamus
to the pituitary gland?
a: Primary plexus
b: Secondary plexus
c: Hypophyseal portal veins
A. a - b - c
B. a - c - b
C. c - a - b
D. b - a - c
E. c - b - a
B. a - c - b
- Which is not correct regarding the hypothalamo-hypophyseal portal system?
A. The system includes two capillary plexuses.
B. The system carries venous blood.
C. The system is the circulatory connection between the hypothalamus and the posterior pituitary.
D. The system is drained by the anterior hypophyseal veins.
E. The system transports hypothalamic
hormones.
C. The system is the circulatory connection between the hypothalamus and the posterior pituitary.
- Growth hormone is secreted by __________ cells in the anterior pituitary.
A. somatotropic
B. gonadotropic
C. thyrotropic
D. mammotropic
E. corticotropic
A. somatotropic
- Which anterior pituitary hormone is secreted by cells in the pars intermedia?
A. Follicle-stimulating hormone
B. Melanocyte-stimulating hormone
C. Prolactin
D. Luteinizing hormone
E. Thyroid-stimulating hormone
B. Melanocyte-stimulating hormone
- Which hormones are collectively called the gonadotropins?
A. Prolactin and oxytocin
B. Antidiuretic hormone and oxytocin
C. Follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone
D. Follicle-stimulating hormone and melanocyte-stimulating hormone
E. Thyroid-stimulating
hormone and adrenocorticotropic hormone
C. Follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone
- Which is not correct regarding growth hormone (GH)?
A. GH affects most body cells.
B. GH stimulates cell growth and mitosis.
C. GH is also known as somatotropin.
D. GH stimulates the kidney to secrete somatomedin.
E. GH is a tropic hormone.
D. GH stimulates the kidney to secrete somatomedin.
- Where are the target cells for antidiuretic hormone?
A. Adrenal cortex and thyroid gland
B. Kidney tubules and smooth muscle of arteriole walls
C. Ovaries and testes
D. Smooth muscle of urinary bladder
E. Smooth muscle of male reproductive tract
B. Kidney tubules and smooth muscle of arteriole walls
- Excessive secretion of growth hormone in adults can cause
A. Graves disease.
B. acromegaly.
C. pituitary gigantism.
D. pituitary dwarfism.
E. Cushing syndrome.
B. acromegaly.
- The anterior pituitary synthesizes and secretes ______ different hormones, while the
posterior pituitary stores and secretes only ______ different hormones.
A. 9; 5
B. 6; 4
C. 7; 2
D. 8; 3
E. 8; 4
C. 7; 2
- Which is not a tropic hormone?
A. Thyroid-stimulating hormone
B. Melanocyte-stimulating
hormone
C. Adrenocorticotropic hormone
D. Follicle-stimulating hormone
E. Prolactin
B. Melanocyte-stimulating
hormone
- Where are the target cells for follicle-stimulating hormone?
A. Thyroid follicles
B. Ovaries and testes
C. Mammary glands
D. Uterus
E. Hair follicles
B. Ovaries and testes
- Which is not correct regarding the posterior pituitary?
A. It is derived from nervous tissue
B. It is connected to the hypothalamus by the hypothalamo-hypophyseal tract
C. It is composed of the pars intermedia and the infundibular stalk
D. It stores oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone
E. It releases its hormones in response to nervous stimulation
C. It is composed of the pars intermedia and the infundibular stalk
- Which hormone induces ovulation?
A. Luteinizing hormone
B. Prolactin
C. Follicle-stimulating hormone
D. Growth hormone
E. Oxytocin
A. Luteinizing hormone
- Oxytocin
A. is produced and secreted by cells in the supraoptic nucleus of the hypothalamus.
B. is produced only in females.
C. secretion is regulated by a negative
feedback loop.
D. stimulates ejection of milk from the breasts.
E. All of the choices are
correct.
D. stimulates ejection of milk from the breasts.
- Which is not true about the thyroid gland?
A. It requires iodine to synthesize thyroid
hormone.
B. It is located on the anterior surface of the trachea, inferior to the thyroid cartilage.
C. It has two lobes connected by a central portion called the commissure.
D. It secretes thyroid hormone in response to stimulation by TSH.
E. An enlargement of the thyroid gland is
called a goiter.
C. It has two lobes connected by a central portion called the commissure.
- Which of these hormone pairs have antagonistic (opposite) effects?
A. Calcitonin and
parathyroid hormone
B. Thyroxine and triiodothyronine
C. Oxytocin and follicle-stimulating
hormone
D. Melatonin and insulin
E. Antidiuretic hormone and growth hormone
A. Calcitonin and
parathyroid hormone