Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biol 348 Anatomy > intergument > Flashcards

intergument Flashcards

1
Q

Integument

A

the largest system of the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

The integument is made up of two parts

A
  1. Cutaneous membrane (skin)
  2. Accessory structures
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

2 parts of Cutaneous Membrane

A
  1. Epidermis (superficial)
  2. Dermis (deep to epidermis)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what type of tissue is the epidermis (superficial)?

A

Epithelial tissues (ectoderm)
-> stratified squamous epithelium (keratinized0

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what type of tissue is the dermis (deep to epidermis)?

A
  • Connective tissues (mesoderm)
  • Superficial = papillary layer
  • Deep = reticular layer
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what type of tissues is the hypodermis?

A
  • loose connective tissue
  • Superficial Fascia or Subcutaneous Layer
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Accessory Structures

A

Originate in the dermis extend through epidermis
ex: hair, nails, exocrine glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

function of integument

A
  • protect (physical & chemically)
  • thermoregulation
  • immune defense
  • water resistance
  • metabolic regulation
  • storage
  • sensory
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is the function of integument help in metabolic regulation of body?

A

vitamin D3 production

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

specialized cells within epidermis

A
  • keratinocytes
  • melanocytes
  • dendritic cells
  • Markel cells
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what type of cells is most abundant in epidermis to produce keratin?

A

keratinocyte

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

which types of specialized cell in epidermis create melanin?

A

melanocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

which type of specialized cell in epidermis produce immune system?

A

dendritic (Langerhans cells)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

which type of specialized cell in epidermis related to nervous system, detect touch/pressure?

A

Merkel cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

2 types of skin

A
  • thin skin
  • thick skin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

thin skin

A

–Covers most of the body
–Has four layers of keratinocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

thick skin

A

–Covers the palms of the hands and soles of the feet
–Has five layers of keratinocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

five strata of keratinocytes (from basal lamina (deep) to free surface (superficial) )

A
  1. Stratum basale
  2. Stratum spinosum
  3. Stratum granulosum
  4. Stratum lucidum*
  5. Stratum corneum
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

structure of stratum basale

A
  • epidermal ridges (form fingerprint)
  • dermal papillae
  • many basal cells
  • melanocytes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

where does mitosis begin in stratum basale?

A

basal cells (germinative cells)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Stratum Spinosum

A
  • continue to divide -> increase thickness of epithelium
  • contain dendritic cells
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Stratum Granulosum

A

–Cells stop dividing
–Start producing: Keratin and Keratohyalin
-eventually cells die

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Stratum Lucidum

A
  • “clear layer”
  • Found only in thick skin
  • Covers stratum granulosum
  • 3-5 layers of dead keratinocytes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Stratum Corneum

A

-the “horn layer”
* Exposed surface of skin
* 15 to 30 layers of dead keratinized cells
* Water resistant
* Shed and replaced every 2 weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Keratinization (cornification)

A

The formation of a layer of dead, protective cells
filled with keratin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

what surface do not get keratinization?

A

eyes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

how long does it take for keratinized stratum basale to stratum corneum?

A

15- 30 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

two types of pigment influence skin color

A
  1. Carotene
  2. Melanin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Carotene

A

–Orange-yellow pigment
–Found in orange vegetables
–Nonpolar
–Converted to vitamin A

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Melanin

A

–Yellow-brown or black pigment
–Produced by melanocytes in stratum basale
–Stored in vesicles - melanosomes
–Keratinocytes incorporate by endocytosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Function of Melanocytes

A

Melanin protects skin from sun damage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

consequence of UV radiation

A

Causes DNA mutations and burns that lead to cancer
and wrinkles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Skin color depends on ________ __________, not
number of melanocytes

A

melanin production

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

disease caused by UV damage

A

Actinic keratosis – scaley sun damaged areas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

skin cancers

A

–Basal cell carcinoma – #1
–Squamous cell carcinoma – #2
–Malignant melanoma – cancerous melanocyte

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Blood contributes to skin color (conditions)

A
  • erythema
  • cyanosis
  • pallor
  • hematoma
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Erythema

A

blush/flush, reddish

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

cyanosis

A

low oxygenated blood, bluish tint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

pallor

A

Pale, low blood flow to skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Hematoma

A

Bruising, black->blue->green->yellow

41
Q

disease and other skin color abnormalities

A

– Jaundice
– Pituitary tumor
– Addison’s disease
– Vitiligo
– Melasma etc.
– Albinism

42
Q

Jaundice

A

Yellow, first in the eyes

43
Q

Pituitary tumor

A

Excess MSH

44
Q

Addison’s disease

A

Bronzing

45
Q

Vitiligo

A

Autoimmune destruction of melanocytes

46
Q

Melasma etc.

A

Mask of pregnancy”

47
Q

Albinism

A

Lack of melanin production

48
Q

Epidermal cells produce cholecalciferol (____________) in presence of _______ _______

A

vitamin D3; UV radiation

49
Q

vitamin D3 is converted into ______

A

calcitriol

50
Q

disease associate with lack of vitamin D3

A

rickets

51
Q

Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF)

A

– Produced by glands (salivary and duodenum)
– Used to grow skin grafts

52
Q

Functions of epidermal growth factor (EGF)

A

– Promotes division of germinative cells
– Accelerates keratin production
– Stimulates epidermal repair
– Stimulates glandular secretion

53
Q

dermis located between ______ and __________ ______

A

epidermis and subcutaneous layer

54
Q

where does the accesory structure anchor in skin?

A

dermis

55
Q

2 components of dermis

A
  1. Outer papillary layer
  2. Deep reticular layer
56
Q

which layer of dermis has dense irregular connective tissue?

A

recticular layer

57
Q

which layer of dermis has areolar CT tissue?

A

papillary layer

58
Q

Papillary Layer

A

–Contains smaller capillaries, lymphatics, and
sensory neurons
–Has dermal papillae projecting between
epidermal ridges

59
Q

Reticular Layer

A

–Contains larger blood vessels, lymphatic vessels,
and nerve fibers
–Contains collagen and elastic fibers
–Contains CT proper

60
Q

Dermatitis

A

inflammation of the papillary layer

61
Q

what causes dermatitis? symptoms?

A

–Caused by infection, radiation, mechanical
irritation, or chemicals (e.g., poison ivy)
–Characterized by itch or pain

62
Q

what factors contribute to dermal strength and elasticity?

A
  1. Collagen fibers- Provide flexibility
  2. Elastic fibers- Limit the flexibility to prevent damage to tissue
63
Q

Skin Damage

A

Sagging and wrinkles (reduced skin elasticity)

64
Q

what factors cause skin damage?

A
  • Dehydration
  • Age
  • Hormonal changes
  • UV exposure
65
Q

stretch mark

A
  • type of skin damage
  • Thickened tissue resulting from excessive stretching of skin
66
Q

what cause stretch mark?

A

– Pregnancy
– Weight gain

67
Q

cleavage lines in dermis

A

collagen & elastic fiber in parallel arrangement, resist force in one direction

68
Q

Cleavage (tension) lines establish important patterns

A
  • A parallel cut remains shut, heals well
  • A cut across (right angle) pulls open and scars
69
Q

hypodermis (subcutaneous layer)

A

– Made of elastic areolar and adipose tissues
– The site of subcutaneous injections using hypodermic needles

70
Q

Integumentary accessory structures

A

Hair, Hair Follicles, Sebaceous Glands, Sweat Glands, and Nails

71
Q

The human body is covered with hair, except:

A

–Palms
–Soles
–Lips
–Portions of external genitalia

72
Q

Functions of Hair

A

–Protects and insulates
–Guards openings against particles and insects
–Sensory
–Communication

73
Q

Hair follicle

A

Surrounded by nerves

74
Q

structure in hair follicle

A
  • arrector pili
  • sebaceous glands
75
Q

arrector pili

A
  • Involuntary smooth muscle
  • Elevates hair - “goose bumps”
76
Q

Sebaceous glands

A
  • Lubricate the hair
  • Control bacteria
77
Q

Regions of the Hair

A
  • hair root
  • hair shaft
78
Q

hair root

A
  • Lower part of the hair
  • Attached to the integument
79
Q

hair shaft

A
  • Upper part of the hair
  • Not attached to the integument
80
Q

what contribute to color of hair?

A

–Produced by melanocytes at the hair papilla
–Determined by genes

81
Q

types of hair

A

–Lanugo
–Vellus hairs
–Terminal hairs

82
Q

Lanugo

A

Fine hair covers fetus

83
Q

Vellus hairs

A
  • Soft, fine peach-fuzz
  • Cover body surface
84
Q

Terminal hairs

A
  • Thick, Heavily pigmented
  • Head, eyebrows, and eyelashes
  • Other parts of body after puberty
85
Q

Sebaceous Glands (oil glands)

A
  • Holocrine glands
  • Secrete sebum
86
Q

Sweat Glands

A
  1. Apocrine glands
  2. Merocrine glands
87
Q

apocrine sweat gland

A

– Found in armpits, around nipples, groin, and anus
– Secrete into hair follicles after puberty
– Break down causes odors
– Secretions in response to hormonal or nervous signals

88
Q

Merocrine Sweat Glands

A

– Widely distributed on body surface
– Discharge directly onto skin surface
– 99% Water

89
Q

function of merocrine sweat gland

A
  • sensible perspiration
  • Excretes water and electrolytes
  • Flushes microorganisms and harmful chemicals from skin
90
Q

Specialized Integumentary Glands

A
  1. Mammary glands
  2. Ceruminous glands
91
Q

mammary glands

A
  • Produce milk
  • modified apocrine sweat glands
92
Q

Ceruminous glands

A
  • Produce cerumen (earwax)
  • Protect the eardrum
93
Q

which system have control over sebaceous and apocrine sweat gland?

A

nervous system

94
Q

which factor control merocrine sweat gland?

A
  • controlled independently
  • sweating occur locally
95
Q

how does integument repair injury?

A

Fibroblasts produce scar tissue -> raised keloid may form

96
Q

where can you find dendritic cell in epidermis?

A

stratum spinosum layer

97
Q

which layer of epidermis can you find melanocyte?

A

stratum basale layer

98
Q

which layer of epidermis can you find tactile (Merkel) cell?

A

Biol 348 Anatomy (25 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions