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Biol 348 Anatomy > chap 14- nervous tissue > Flashcards

chap 14- nervous tissue Flashcards

1
Q
  1. Which does not belong to the peripheral nervous system?
    A. Ganglion
    B. Cranial nerve
    C. Spinal cord
    D. Peripheral nerve
    E. Spinal nerve
A

C. Spinal cord

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2
Q
  1. Which is not a general function of the nervous system?
    A. Transporting materials throughout the body
    B. Collecting information
    C. Processing and evaluating information
    D. Responding to information
    E. No exceptions; all are general functions of the nervous system
A

A. Transporting materials throughout the body

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3
Q
  1. The afferent division of the nervous system is also known as the _____ division.
    A. motor
    B. cranial
    C. ganglial
    D. efferent
    E. sensory
A

E. sensory

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4
Q
  1. Which is not a function of the motor division of the nervous system?
    A. Conducts output (nerve impulses) from the CNS
    B. Transmits impulses to muscles and glands
    C. Transmits impulses from the viscera
    D. Voluntary control of skeletal muscle
    E. Involuntary control of the heart
A

C. Transmits impulses from the viscera

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5
Q
  1. The portion of the nervous system that conducts impulses from the skin, joints, skeletal muscles, and
    special senses is the _________ _______ division.
    A. autonomic motor
    B. somatic sensory
    C. somatic motor
    D. visceral sensory
A

B. somatic sensory

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6
Q
  1. The portion of the nervous system that has voluntary control over skeletal muscles is the _________
    _________ division.
    A. autonomic motor
    B. somatic sensory
    C. somatic motor
    D. visceral sensory
A

C. somatic motor

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7
Q
  1. A neuron conducting an impulse from the CNS to the detrusor muscle of the urinary bladder would be
    classified as a(n) _________ _________ neuron.
    A. autonomic motor
    B. somatic sensory
    C. somatic motor
    D. visceral sensory
A

A. autonomic motor

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8
Q
  1. A neuron conducting an impulse from the stomach wall to the CNS would be classified as a(n)
    _________ _________ neuron.
    A. autonomic motor
    B. somatic sensory
    C. somatic motor
    D. visceral sensory
A

D. visceral sensory

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9
Q
  1. Which statement is correct concerning the terms afferent and efferent with respect to the nervous
    system?
    A. Afferent refers to the conduction of an impulse outward from the CNS.
    B. Both terms refer to conducting impulses outward from the CNS although efferent pathways carry only
    sensory impulses.
    C. Efferent refers to the conduction of motor impulses toward the CNS.
    D. Afferent refers to the conduction of sensory impulses toward the CNS.
    E. Both terms refer to conducting impulses toward the CNS although afferent pathways carry only motor
    impulses.
A

D. Afferent refers to the conduction of sensory impulses toward the CNS.

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10
Q
  1. Which two distinct cell types form nervous tissue?
    A. Afferent cells and glial cells
    B. Peripheral cells and neurons
    C. Glial cells and neurons
    D. Peripheral cells and glial cells
    E. Glial cells and efferent cells
A

C. Glial cells and neurons

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11
Q

11.
Which is not characteristic of neurons?

A. High mitotic rate
B. High metabolic rate
C. Require continuous supplies of glucose and oxygen
D. Extreme longevity
E. No exceptions; all of these are characteristic of neurons

A

A. High mitotic rate

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12
Q
  1. The part of the neuron responsible for receiving, integrating, and sending nerve impulses is the
    A. dendrite.
    B. axon.
    C. cell body.
    D. axon hillock.
    E. telodendrion.
A

C. cell body.

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13
Q
  1. Where are synaptic knobs located?
    A. At the tips of telodendria
    B. At the ends of dendrites
    C. Within the cell body
    D. Along axon collaterals
    E. At the axon hillock
A

A. At the tips of telodendria

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14
Q
  1. The cytoplasm within a cell body of a neuron is called the
    A. soma.
    B. perikaryon.
    C. neurokaryon.
    D. chromatophilic substance.
    E. chromatophobic substance.
A

B. perikaryon.

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15
Q
  1. What structures extend into the axon and dendrite of a neuron to provide tensile strength?
    A. Motor filaments
    B. Nissl bodies
    C. Telodendria
    D. Neurofibrils
    E. Collateral fibers
A

D. Neurofibrils

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16
Q
  1. Structurally, the most common type of neuron is the _____ neuron.
    A. multipolar
    B. bipolar
    C. unipolar
    D. pseudounipolar
A

A. multipolar

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17
Q
  1. Functionally, 99 percent of neurons are
    A. sensory neurons.
    B. motor neurons.
    C. multipolar neurons.
    D. bipolar neurons.
    E. interneurons.
A

E. interneurons.

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18
Q
  1. The neurons that are responsible for integrating information by retrieving, processing, storing, and
    “deciding” how the body responds to stimuli are
    A. sensory neurons.
    B. motor neurons.
    C. accessory neurons.
    D. correlation neurons.
    E. interneurons.
A

E. interneurons.

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19
Q
  1. Glial cells differ from neurons in that they
    A. are larger and capable of meiosis.
    B. are smaller and capable of mitosis.
    C. are found only in the CNS.
    D. are found only in the PNS.
    E. transmit nerve impulses much more slowly.
A

B. are smaller and capable of mitosis.

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20
Q
  1. The most abundant glial cell in the CNS is the
    A. astrocyte.
    B. ependymal cell.
    C. neurolemmocyte.
    D. microglial cell.
    E. oligodendrocyte.
A

A. astrocyte.

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21
Q
  1. The glial cell that helps to circulate cerebrospinal fluid is the
    A. astrocyte.
    B. ependymal cell.
    C. neurolemmocyte.
    D. microglial cell.
    E. oligodendrocyte.
A

B. ependymal cell.

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22
Q
  1. The glial cell that myelinates and insulates axons within the CNS is the
    A. astrocyte.
    B. ependymal cell.
    C. neurolemmocyte.
    D. microglial cell.
    E. oligodendrocyte.
A

E. oligodendrocyte.

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23
Q
  1. Which glial cell helps to form the blood-brain barrier?
    A. Astrocyte
    B. Ependymal cell
    C. Neurolemmocyte
    D. Microglial cell
    E. Oligodendrocyte
A

A. Astrocyte

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24
Q
  1. Which glial cell myelinates and insulates axons in the peripheral nervous system?
    A. Astrocyte
    B. Ependymal cell
    C. Neurolemmocyte
    D. Microglial cell
    E. Oligodendrocyte
A

C. Neurolemmocyte

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25
Q
  1. Which glial cell defends the body against pathogens?
    A. Astrocyte
    B. Ependymal cell
    C. Neurolemmocyte
    D. Microglial cell
    E. Oligodendrocyte
A

D. Microglial cell

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26
Q
  1. Which glial cell protects neuron cell bodies located within ganglia?
    A. Satellite cell
    B. Ependymal cell
    C. Neurolemmocyte
    D. Astrocyte
    E. Oligodendrocyte
A

A. Satellite cell

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27
Q

27.
Which glial cell occupies the space left by dying neurons?

A. Astrocyte
B. Ependymal cell
C. Neurolemmocyte
D. Microglial cell
E. Oligodendrocyte

A

A. Astrocyte

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28
Q
  1. Which glial cell provides structural support and organization to the CNS?
    A. Astrocyte
    B. Ependymal cell
    C. Neurolemmocyte
    D. Microglial cell
    E. Oligodendrocyte
A

A. Astrocyte

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29
Q
  1. Which glial cell has perivascular feet that wrap around capillaries in the CNS?
    A. Astrocyte
    B. Ependymal cell
    C. Neurolemmocyte
    D. Microglial cell
    E. Oligodendrocyte
A

A. Astrocyte

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30
Q
  1. What do all glial cells have in common?
    A. They help to transmit the nerve signals.
    B. They transfer blood to the various neurons.
    C. They assist neurons in their respective functions.
    D. They all attack pathogens.
    E. They absorb extra blood and cerebrospinal fluid.
A

C. They assist neurons in their respective functions.

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31
Q
  1. The glossy-white appearance of most axons is due to
    A. the high lipid content of the myelin sheath.
    B. their proximity to light-reflecting cartilage.
    C. their proximity to white bone.
    D. the white color of the perivascular feet.
    E. the covering of ependymal cells.
A

A. the high lipid content of the myelin sheath.

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32
Q
  1. Which is true regarding the action of a neurolemmocyte?
    A. Each neurolemmocyte can form a myelin sheath around many axons simultaneously.
    B. A neurolemmocyte is responsible for forming part of the blood-brain barrier.
    C. Neurolemmocytes function only within the CNS.
    D. Each neurolemmocyte can wrap only a 1mm portion of a single axon.
    E. A neurolemmocyte attacks pathogens.
A

D. Each neurolemmocyte can wrap only a 1mm portion of a single axon.

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33
Q
  1. Which statement is true regarding the action of an oligodendrocyte?
    A. Each oligodendrocyte can form a myelin sheath around many axons simultaneously.
    B. An oligodendrocyte is responsible for forming part of the blood-brain barrier.
    C. Oligodendrocytes function only within the PNS.
    D. Each oligodendrocyte can wrap only a 1mm portion of a single axon.
    E. A neurolemmocyte attacks pathogens.
A

A. Each oligodendrocyte can form a myelin sheath around many axons simultaneously.

34
Q
  1. The function of neurofibril nodes is to
    A. inhibit the transmission of a nerve impulse.
    B. provide points of attachment for nerve threads.
    C. produce a faster nerve impulse through salutatory conduction.
    D. produce a slower impulse through continuous conduction.
    E. protect the delicate axon sheath.
A

C. produce a faster nerve impulse through salutatory conduction.

35
Q
  1. Continuous conduction of a nerve impulse occurs only along
    A. myelinated axons.
    B. dendrites.
    C. unmyelinated axons.
    D. axons in the PNS.
    E. axons in the CNS.
A

C. unmyelinated axons.

36
Q
  1. A nerve impulse travels fastest along ________ axons of ______ diameter.
    A. myelinated; small
    B. unmyelinated; small
    C. myelinated; large
    D. unmyelinated; large
    E. None of the choices; axon diameter does not affect impulse conduction.
A

C. myelinated; large

37
Q
  1. Nerve impulses involving pain stimuli travel along
    A. myelinated axons.
    B. unmyelinated axons.
A

B. unmyelinated axons.

38
Q
  1. Which of these is not a factor that influences regeneration of PNS axons?
    A. Amount of damage
    B. Secretion of nerve growth factors by neurolemmocytes
    C. Distance of the damaged axon from the receptor organ
    D. Distance of the damaged axon from the brain
    E. No exceptions; all of these affect regeneration
A

D. Distance of the damaged axon from the brain

39
Q
  1. Which cells help repair axons through the process called Wallerian degeneration?
    A. Oligodendrocytes
    B. Microglia
    C. Neurolemmocytes
    D. Astrocytes
    E. Special satellite cell
A

C. Neurolemmocytes

40
Q

40.
Which is not a step in the process of Wallerian degeneration?

A. Neurolemmocytes form regeneration tube.
B. Proximal portion of severed axon seals off.
C. Effector is reinnervated.
D. Macrophages remove debris.
E. No exceptions; all of these are steps in the process.

A

E. No exceptions; all of these are steps in the process.

41
Q
  1. Which of the following does impede the regeneration of CNS axons?
    A. Oligodendrocytes do not release a nerve growth factor.
    B. CNS axons lack the myelin sheath needed for regeneration.
    C. Scar tissue may form, obstructing regrowth.
    D. No exceptions; all of the choices impede axon regeneration.
A

B. CNS axons lack the myelin sheath needed for regeneration.

42
Q
  1. A nerve
    A. contains a single axon.
    B. is found only in the CNS.
    C. carries only sensory information.
    D. carries information only toward the PNS.
    E. is a cablelike bundle of parallel axons.
A

E. is a cablelike bundle of parallel axons.

43
Q
  1. The connective tissue wrappings of a nerve, beginning at the outermost layer, are
    A. perineurium epineurium endoneurium.
    B. perineurium endoneurium epineurium.
    C. epineurium perineurium endoneurium.
    D. epineurium endoneurium perineurium.
    E. endoneurium perineurium epineurium.
A

C. epineurium perineurium endoneurium.

44
Q
  1. The endoneurium is composed of
    A. dense regular connective tissue.
    B. simple squamous epithelium.
    C. dense irregular connective tissue.
    D. areolar connective tissue.
    E. pseudostratified nonkeratinized epithelium.
A

D. areolar connective tissue.

45
Q
  1. The epineurium is composed of
    A. dense regular connective tissue.
    B. simple squamous epithelium.
    C. dense irregular connective tissue.
    D. areolar connective tissue.
    E. pseudostratified nonkeratinized epithelium.
A

C. dense irregular connective tissue.

46
Q
  1. What is the connective tissue wrapping that surrounds bundles (fascicles) of axons?
    A. Epineurium
    B. Endoneurium
    C. Perineurium
    D. Endosteum
    E. Periosteum
A

C. Perineurium

47
Q
  1. Axons terminate at each of these locations except
    A. other neurons.
    B. bone.
    C. smooth muscle cells.
    D. glands.
    E. skeletal muscles cells.
A

B. bone.

48
Q
  1. As an axon approaches the cell onto which it will terminate, it generally branches repeatedly into
    several
    A. teloaxons.
    B. dendrites.
    C. collateral axons.
    D. telodendria.
    E. neurolemmocytes.
A

D. telodendria.

49
Q
  1. Choose the answer that correctly lists, in chronological order, the events involved in synaptic
    transmission.
    a: A nerve impulse reaches the synaptic knob
    b: Neurotransmitter molecules diffuse across the synaptic cleft
    c: A nerve impulse begins in the postsynaptic cell
    d: Neurotransmitter molecules bind to receptors in the postsynaptic cell
    e: A voltage change occurs in the postsynaptic cell
    A. a, c, b, d, e
    B. a, b, e, d, c
    C. c, b, d, e, a
    D. a, b, d, e, c
    E. c, a, b, d, e
A

D. a, b, d, e, c

50
Q
  1. There are two types of synapses, based on mode of communication. What are they?
    A. Mechanical and chemical
    B. Magnetic and physical
    C. Physical and chemical
    D. Chemical and electrical
    E. Mechanical and electrical
A

D. Chemical and electrical

51
Q
  1. Which is not one of the three common structural types of synapses?
    A. Axonucleic
    B. Axoaxonic
    C. Axosomatic
    D. Axodendritic
A

A. Axonucleic

52
Q
  1. Which is the most common structural type of synapse?
    A. Dendrodendritic
    B. Axoaxonic
    C. Axosomatic
    D. Axodendritic
    E. Axonucleic
A

D. Axodendritic

53
Q
  1. Of the two types of synapses, based on mode of communication, which is less common but allows
    faster signal transmission?
    A. Chemical synapse
    B. Mechanical synapse
    C. Physical synapse
    D. Magnetic synapse
    E. Electrical synapse
A

E. Electrical synapse

54
Q
  1. Of the two types of synapses, based on mode of communication, which is slower and more common?
    A. Chemical synapse
    B. Mechanical synapse
    C. Physical synapse
    D. Magnetic synapse
    E. Electrical synapse
A

A. Chemical synapse

55
Q
  1. What type of neuronal synapse occurs between cardiac muscle cells?
    A. Chemical synapse
    B. Mechanical synapse
    C. Physical synapse
    D. Magnetic synapse
    E. Electrical synapse
A

E. Electrical synapse

56
Q
  1. Billions of CNS interneurons are grouped in complex patterns called neuronal
    A. networks.
    B. complexes.
    C. pools.
    D. meshes.
    E. webs.
A

C. pools.

57
Q
  1. Which is not a type of neuronal pool?
    A. Converging
    B. Triangular
    C. Diverging
    D. Parallel-after-discharge
    E. Reverberating
A

B. Triangular

58
Q
  1. The type of neuronal circuit in which several nerve impulses come together at a single postsynaptic
    neuron is a _____________ circuit.
    A. converging
    B. diverging
    C. reverberating
    D. parallel-after-discharge
    E. None of the choices is correct.
A

A. converging

59
Q
  1. The type of neuronal circuit that uses feedback to produce a repeated, cyclical stimulation of the
    circuit is a _____________ circuit.
    A. converging
    B. diverging
    C. reverberating
    D. parallel-after-discharge
    E. None of the choices is correct.
A

C. reverberating

60
Q
  1. The type of neuronal circuit in which several neurons process the same information at one time is a
    _____________ circuit.
    A. converging
    B. diverging
    C. reverberating
    D. parallel-after-discharge
    E. None of the choices is correct.
A

D. parallel-after-discharge

61
Q
  1. The type of neuronal circuit that spreads information from one presynaptic neuron to several
    postsynaptic neurons is a _____________ circuit.
    A. converging
    B. diverging
    C. reverberating
    D. parallel-after-discharge
    E. None of the choices is correct.
A

B. diverging

62
Q
  1. What type of circuit would you use to solve a higher-order mathematical problem?
    A. Converging
    B. Diverging
    C. Reverberating
    D. Parallel-after-discharge
    E. None of the choices is correct.
A

D. Parallel-after-discharge

63
Q
  1. What type of circuit is used to maintain body posture while walking?
    A. Converging
    B. Diverging
    C. Reverberating
    D. Parallel-after-discharge
    E. None of the choices is correct.
A

B. Diverging

64
Q
  1. You walk into a restaurant and amidst the sights, sounds, and smells of food preparation, you notice
    that you have begun to salivate. This is evidence that a particular neuronal circuit has been activated.
    Which one?
    A. Converging
    B. Diverging
    C. Reverberating
    D. Parallel-after-discharge
    E. None of the choices is correct.
A

A. Converging

65
Q
  1. The type of neuronal circuit that ensures that we continue to breathe while asleep is a
    _____________ circuit.
    A. converging
    B. diverging
    C. reverberating
    D. parallel-after-discharge
    E. None of the choices is correct.
A

C. reverberating

66
Q
  1. These events occur during the development of the nervous system:
    a: Neural groove forms
    b: Neural folds approach one another
    c: Neural crest cells pinch off from the neural folds
    d: Neural folds fuse to form neural tube
    Which is the correct chronological order for the events?
    A. a, c, b, d
    B. c, b, d, a
    C. a, b, c, d
    D. b a, d, c
    E. c a, b, d
A

C. a, b, c, d

67
Q
  1. A slowly progressive disorder affecting muscle movement and balance, this condition is
    characterized by stiff posture, tremors, and reduced spontaneity of facial expressions.
    A. Guillain-Barré syndrome
    B. Parkinson disease
    C. Multiple sclerosis
    D. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
    E. None of the choices is correct.
A

B. Parkinson disease

68
Q
  1. This condition involves progressive demyelination of neurons in the CNS accompanied by the
    destruction of oligodendrocytes. As a result, the conduction of nerve impulses is disrupted, leading to
    impaired sensory perception and motor coordination.
    A. Guillain-Barré syndrome
    B. Parkinson disease
    C. Multiple sclerosis
    D. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
    E. None of the choices is correct.
A

C. Multiple sclerosis

69
Q
  1. This condition is a disorder of the peripheral nervous system characterized by muscle weakness that
    begins in the distal limbs, but rapidly advances to involve proximal muscles as well.
    A. Guillain-Barré syndrome
    B. Parkinson disease
    C. Multiple sclerosis
    D. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
    E. None of the choices is correct.
A

A. Guillain-Barré syndrome

70
Q
  1. A condition in which the brain is substantially missing is
    A. spina bifida.
    B. amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
    C. muscular dystrophy.
    D. anencephaly.
    E. cerebral palsy.
A

D. anencephaly.

71
Q
  1. Neural stem cells in the CNS
    A. have no known function.
    B. can only form glial cells.
    C. can form new neurons throughout the CNS.
    D. can form new neurons in only certain portions of the CNS such as the hippocampus.
    E. can migrate to the PNS as needed.
A

D. can form new neurons in only certain portions of the CNS such as the hippocampus.

72
Q

72.
What cell type is indicated by number 1?
A. Satellite cell

B. Oligodendrocyte

C. Microglial cell

D. Astrocyte

E. Ependymal cell

A

B. Oligodendrocyte

73
Q

What cell type does number 2 indicate?

A. Satellite cell
B. Neuron
C. Microglial cell
D. Astrocyte
E. Ependymal cell

A

E. Ependymal cell

74
Q

What cell type does number 3 indicate?

A. Satellite cell
B. Neurolemmocyte
C. Microglial cell
D. Astrocyte
E. Ependymal cell

A

C. Microglial cell

75
Q

75.
What cell type does number 4 indicate?

A. Satellite cell
B. Neurolemmocyte
C. Microglial cell
D. Oligodendrocyte
E. Ependymal cell

A

A. Satellite cell

76
Q

76.
What structure does number 5 indicate?

A. Neurofibril node
B. Myelin sheath
C. Nucleus
D. Perivascular foot
E. Ependymal cell

A

B. Myelin sheath

77
Q

77.
This figure depicts a typical neuron. What structures are indicated by number 1?

A. Axon hillocks
B. Dendrites
C. Axon collaterals
D. Telodendria
E. Synaptic knobs

A

E. Synaptic knobs

78
Q

78.
This figure depicts a typical nerve. What is indicated by number 2?

A. Myelin sheath
B. Dendrites
C. Fascicle
D. Epineurium
E. Perineurium

A

E. Perineurium

79
Q
  1. What type of synapse does number 1 indicate?
    A. Axodendritic
    B. Axoaxonic
    C. Axosomatic
    D. Dendrodendritic
    E. Dendrosomatic
A

B. Axoaxonic

80
Q
  1. What type of synapse does number 2 indicate?
    A. Axodendritic
    B. Axoaxonic
    C. Axosomatic
    D. Dendrodendritic
    E. Dendrosomatic
A

A. Axodendritic

81
Q
  1. What type of synapse does number 3 indicate?
    A. Axodendritic
    B. Axoaxonic
    C. Axosomatic
    D. Dendrodendritic
    E. Dendrosomatic
A

C. Axosomatic

Biol 348 Anatomy (25 decks)

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