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Biol 348 Anatomy > muscle (348) > Flashcards

muscle (348) Flashcards

1
Q

3 types of muscle tissues

A
  • skeletal
  • cardiac
  • smooth
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2
Q

which types of muscle tissue is striated?

A

skeletal, cardiac

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3
Q

which type of tissue is involuntary?

A

cardiac

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4
Q

what special structure found in cardiac muscle tissue?

A

intercalated discs

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5
Q

which type of muscle is nonstraited?

A

smooth

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6
Q

organization of skeletal muscle

A
  • muscle tissue
  • CT
  • nerves
  • blood vessels
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7
Q

3 layers of CT within skeletal muscle

A
  1. epimysium
  2. perimysium
  3. endomysium
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8
Q

Epimysium

A

surrounds entire muscle

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9
Q

Perimysium

A

surrounds fascicles (bundles of fibers)

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10
Q

Endomysium

A

surrounds individual fibers

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11
Q

which structure in skeletal muscle fiber is the cell membrane of muscle fiber?

A

sarcolemma

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12
Q

which structure in skeletal muscle fiber transmits AP through fiber?

A

transverse tubules ( T tubules)

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13
Q

which structure in skeletal muscle fiber is the cytoplasm of fiber?

A

sarcoplasm

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14
Q

which structure in skeletal muscle fiber is the membranous structure surrounding each myofibril?

A

sarcoplasmic reticulum

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15
Q

which structure in skeletal muscle fiber attach SR to T tubules and concentrate Ca2+?

A

terminal cisternae

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16
Q

what does myofibrils made of?

A

myofilaments (thin and thick)

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17
Q

thin filament is ________

A

actin

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18
Q

thick filament is _________

A

myosin

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19
Q

what is the contractile units of muscle?

A

sarcomeres

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20
Q

which filament is A bands?

A

thick filaments

21
Q

which filament is I bands?

A

thin filaments

22
Q

2 components of thin filament

A
  • tropomyosin
  • troponin
23
Q

what can tropomyosin do?

A

Blocks active site on G-actin

24
Q

what can troponin do?

A

Binds tropomyosin to F-actin regulated by Ca2+

25
Q

thick filament contain _________ strands that recoil after stretching

26
Q

Ca2+ bind to receptor on ________ molecule during cross bridge formation

27
Q

exposure of active site of F-actin casue _______ to bind

28
Q

events during sliding filament theory

A
  • thin filament: move toward M line
  • A zone: same length
  • Z line: move closer together
29
Q

what happen to Ca2+ during relaxation?

A
  • concentration drop
  • detaches from troponin
30
Q

Rigor Mortis

A

A fixed muscular contraction after death

31
Q

what caused rigor mortis?

A

Ion pumps cease to function

32
Q

Tension produced by a fiber depends on:

A
  • number of pivoting cross-bridges
  • resting length at the time of stimulation
  • The frequency of stimulation
33
Q

A single neural stimulation produces a single
contraction =

34
Q

wave summation?

A

Increasing tension or summation of twitches

35
Q

Tension produced by entire muscle depends on:

A
  • Internal tension produced by muscle fibers
  • External tension exerted on elastic fibers
  • Total number of muscle fibers stimulated
36
Q

Multiple muscle fibers controlled by a single _____ _______

A

motor neuron (motor unit)

37
Q

Recruitment

A

multiple motor unit summation

38
Q

Muscle tone

A

The normal tension of a muscle at rest

39
Q

Muscle Hypertrophy

A
  • Increases diameter of muscle fibers (not number)
  • Increases number of myofibrils
40
Q

Muscle Atrophy

A

Lack of muscle activity -> Reduces muscle size, tone, and power

41
Q

Muscle Fatigue

A

no longer perform a required activity

42
Q

Muscle Performance

A
  • force
  • endurance
43
Q

Force

A

tension produced during contraction

44
Q

Endurance

A

amount of time an activity can be sustained

45
Q

Skeletal muscles consist of a mixture of 3 fiber types:

A
  • Slow oxidative (SO) fibers – Type I
  • Fast oxidative (FO) fibers – Type IIa
  • Fast glycolytic (FG) fibers – Type IIb
46
Q

Slow oxidative (SO) fibers – Type I

A

Small, aerobic, fatigue resistant

47
Q

Fast oxidative (FO) fibers – Type IIa

A

Intermediate

48
Q

Fast glycolytic (FG) fibers – Type IIb

A

Large, anaerobic, only contract for short burst

Biol 348 Anatomy (25 decks)

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