reproductive Flashcards
1
Q
- The male homologue to the labia majora is the
A. testis.
B. scrotum.
C. penis.
D. bulbourethral gland.
E. prostate gland.
A
B. scrotum.
2
Q
- Puberty is initiated by the secretion of
A. luteinizing hormone.
B. estrogen or testosterone.
C. follicle-stimulating hormone.
D. gonadotropin-releasing hormone.
E. androgens.
A
D. gonadotropin-releasing hormone.
3
Q
- The gonads
A. are the male testes and female ovaries, which are homologues.
B. secrete sex hormones.
C. produce gametes.
D. are dormant until puberty.
E. All of the choices are correct.
A
E. All of the choices are correct.
4
Q
- Which is not correct regarding the perineum?
A. It is a diamond-shaped area between the thighs.
B. It includes the urogenital triangle and the anal triangle.
C. It is circumscribed by the coccyx, ischial tuberosities, and pubic symphysis.
D. It contains the urethral and vaginal orifices in females.
E. It contains the urethral orifice in males.
A
E. It contains the urethral orifice in males.
5
Q
- The ovaries
A. are responsible for the production of oocytes and the secretion of hormones.
B. are retroperitoneal.
C. are analogous to the scrotum of the male.
D. have a tunica vaginalis covering them, as do the testes.
E. All of the choices are correct.
A
A. are responsible for the production of oocytes and the secretion of hormones.
6
Q
- Which cord or sheet of connective tissue attaches to the ovary at the hilum?
A. Suspensory ligament
B. Ovarian ligament
C. Mesovarium
D. Broad ligament
E. Round ligament
A
C. Mesovarium
7
Q
- Which is not correct regarding the ovaries?
A. Each ovary has an outer cortex and an inner medulla.
B. The ovaries are located lateral to the uterus.
C. The ovarian artery and vein join the ovary at its hilum.
D. The gametes develop from the ovarian germinal epithelium.
E. The tunica albuginea is deep to the germinal epithelium.
A
D. The gametes develop from the ovarian germinal epithelium.
8
Q
- Which type of ovarian follicle contains a secondary oocyte?
A. Secondary follicle
B. Primary follicle
C. Mature follicle
D. Primordial follicle
A
C. Mature follicle
9
Q
- What structure forms from the remnants of the follicle following ovulation?
A. Corona radiata
B. Zona pellucida
C. Corpus albicans
D. Corpus luteum
E. Antrum
A
D. Corpus luteum
10
Q
- A primary oocyte is arrested in
A. prophase I.
B. anaphase I.
C. prophase II.
D. metaphase II.
E. metaphase I.
A
A. prophase I.
11
Q
- The volume of the antrum is largest in a __________ follicle.
A. primary
B. secondary
C. primordial
D. polar
E. mature
A
E. mature
12
Q
- Under what circumstances does a secondary oocyte complete meiosis II?
A. In response to the LH surge at ovulation
B. Upon fertilization
C. In response to stimulation by FSH during the second week of the menstrual cycle
D. Upon entering the uterine tube
E. Upon reaching the uterus
A
B. Upon fertilization
13
Q
- Ovulation occurs when an oocyte is released from a ruptured _____ follicle.
A. secondary
B. primary
C. mature
D. primordial
E. oogonial
A
C. mature
14
Q
- Which is correct regarding chromosome numbers during oogenesis?
A. Primary oocytes are haploid, secondary oocytes are diploid.
B. Both primary oocytes and secondary oocytes are haploid.
C. Both primary oocytes and secondary oocytes are diploid.
D. Primary oocytes are diploid, secondary oocytes are haploid.
E. Primary oocytes are haploid, secondary oocytes may be haploid or diploid depending on their meiotic
stage.
A
D. Primary oocytes are diploid, secondary oocytes are haploid.
15
Q
- A secondary oocyte arrests in
A. prophase I.
B. anaphase II.
C. prophase II.
D. metaphase II.
E. metaphase I.
A
D. metaphase II.
16
Q
- How many secondary oocytes ultimately develop from each primary oocyte?
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4
E. 5
A
A. 1
17
Q
- What is the correct order for the phases of the ovarian cycle, beginning with day 1?
A. Luteal - follicular - ovulation
B. Follicular - luteal - ovulation
C. Follicular - ovulation - luteal
D. Ovulation - follicular - luteal
E. Ovulation - luteal - follicular
A
C. Follicular - ovulation - luteal
18
Q
- Peak levels of FSH and LH in the blood occur
A. early in the follicular phase.
B. just prior to ovulation.
C. immediately after ovulation.
D. late in the luteal phase.
E. early in the luteal phase.
A
B. just prior to ovulation.
19
Q
- If a secondary oocyte is fertilized and successfully implants in the uterine lining, it becomes a pre-
embryo and begins to secrete
A. progesterone.
B. estrogen.
C. gonadotropin-releasing hormone.
D. human chorionic gonadotropin.
E. gonadotropin-inhibiting hormone.
A
D. human chorionic gonadotropin.
20
Q
- If a secondary oocyte is fertilized and successfully implants in the uterine lining,
A. the corpus luteum is maintained until the placenta begins to secrete estrogen and progesterone.
B. the uterine lining undergoes a proliferative phase.
C. the corpus albicans secretes gonadotropin-inhibiting hormone to prevent further follicular
development.
D. the ovarian cycle begins again.
E. All of the choices are correct.
A
A. the corpus luteum is maintained until the placenta begins to secrete estrogen and progesterone.
21
Q
- Menarche is
A. the first four days of menstruation.
B. a female’s first menstrual cycle.
C. the stage immediately preceding menopause.
D. marked by a dramatic decline in androgen secretion.
E. the final phase of the uterine cycle.
A
B. a female’s first menstrual cycle.
22
Q
- The lateral margin of the uterine tube, which bears the fimbriae, is called the
A. ampulla.
B. fornix.
C. isthmus.
D. infundibulum.
E. uterine part.
A
D. infundibulum.
23
Q
- Fimbriae
A. are extensions of the ovarian ligament.
B. line the ampulla of the uterine tube.
C. enclose the ovary at the time of ovulation.
D. are sloughed off during menstruation.
E. assist in the movement of sperm through the female reproductive tract.
A
C. enclose the ovary at the time of ovulation.
24
Q
- The normal site of fertilization is the
A. vagina.
B. body of the uterus.
C. fundus of the uterus.
D. cervix.
E. uterine tube.
A
E. uterine tube.
25
Q
- What is the correct order for the segments of the uterine tube, beginning at the ovary?
A. Infundibulum - isthmus - ampulla - uterine part
B. Uterine part - infundibulum - ampulla - isthmus
C. Ampulla - infundibulum - uterine part - isthmus
D. Infundibulum - ampulla - isthmus - uterine part
E. Uterine part - isthmus - ampulla - infundibulum
A
D. Infundibulum - ampulla - isthmus - uterine part
26
Q
- The epithelial lining of the uterine tube is
A. pseudostratified columnar epithelium.
B. ciliated columnar epithelium.
C. nonkeratinized squamous epithelium.
D. stratified cuboidal epithelium.
E. ciliated cuboidal epithelium.
A
B. ciliated columnar epithelium.
27
Q
- Which is not a uterine function?
A. Protection and support of developing embryo
B. Usual site of fertilization
C. Site of implantation
D. Muscle contraction for labor and delivery
E. Passageway for sperm
A
B. Usual site of fertilization
28
Q
- Which does not provide structural support for the uterus?
A. Round ligament
B. Transverse cervical ligament
C. Uterosacral ligament
D. Uterine ligament
E. Urogenital diaphragm
A
D. Uterine ligament
29
Q
- The portion of the uterine wall that includes the basal layer is the
A. myometrium.
B. perimetrium.
C. endometrium.
D. serosa.
E. muscularis.
A
C. endometrium.
30
Q
- The external os is the
A. opening of the cervix into the vagina.
B. inferior portion of the central cavity.
C. bone that supports the uterus during pregnancy.
D. uterine tube attachment site.
E. primary suspensory ligament for the uterus.
A
A. opening of the cervix into the vagina.
31
Q
- The myometrium of the uterus is composed of
A. skeletal muscle.
B. mucous membrane.
C. fibrous connective tissue.
D. loose connective tissue.
E. smooth muscle.
A
E. smooth muscle.
32
Q
- The dome-shaped superior portion of the uterus is the
A. body.
B. pylorus.
C. fundus.
D. fornix.
E. isthmus.
A
C. fundus.
33
Q
- Which layer of the uterine wall is sloughed off during menstruation?
A. Perimetrium
B. Basal layer of endometrium
C. Myometrium
D. Functional layer of endometrium
E. Epimetrium
A
D. Functional layer of endometrium
34
Q
- The secretory phase of the uterine cycle coincides with
A. ovulation.
B. the luteal phase of the ovarian cycle.
C. menstruation.
D. the follicular phase of the ovarian cycle.
E. proliferation.
A
B. the luteal phase of the ovarian cycle.
35
Q
- What is the correct order for the phases of the uterine cycle, beginning with day 1?
A. Menstrual - proliferative - secretory
B. Proliferative - secretory - menstrual
C. Secretory - proliferative - menstrual
D. Menstrual - secretory - proliferative
E. Proliferative - menstrual - secretory
A
A. Menstrual - proliferative - secretory
36
Q
- The vagina is lined with
A. transitional epithelium.
B. stratified squamous epithelium.
C. ciliated columnar epithelium.
D. simple cuboidal epithelium.
E. pseudostratified columnar epithelium.
A
B. stratified squamous epithelium.
37
Q
- Which of these structures contains sebaceous glands?
A. Clitoris
B. Vestibular bulb
C. Mons pubis
D. Labia minora
E. Prepuce
A
D. Labia minora
38
Q
- Which is not part of the vulva?
A. Mons pubis
B. Clitoris
C. Labia majora
D. Labia minora
E. Vagina
A
E. Vagina
39
Q
- Which structure is not found in both males and females?
A. Glans
B. Corpora cavernosa
C. Tunica albuginea
D. Prepuce
E. Vestibular gland
A
E. Vestibular gland
40
Q
- The secretory structures that produce milk in a lactating female are the
A. lactiferous sinuses.
B. lactiferous ducts.
C. alveoli.
D. areolar glands.
E. Bartholin glands.
A
C. alveoli.
41
Q
- The function of the dartos and cremaster muscles is to
A. attach the penis to the body wall.
B. produce erections.
C. regulate the temperature of the testes.
D. help the testes descend into the scrotum prior to birth.
E. move sperm along the ductus deferens.
A
C. regulate the temperature of the testes.
42
Q
- The ridge that is visible externally along the midline of the scrotum is called the
A. septum.
B. raphe.
C. perineum.
D. tunica albuginea.
E. scrotal cord.
A
B. raphe.
43
Q
- When the testes are exposed to cool temperatures,
A. testosterone production stops.
B. there is an increase in sperm production.
C. the scrotal septum opens, allowing the testes to share warmth.
D. the dartos and cremaster muscles contract to bring the testes closer to the body.
E. None of the choices is correct; the testes are not affected by temperature.
A
D. the dartos and cremaster muscles contract to bring the testes closer to the body.
44
Q
- Which structure is derived from the peritoneum of the abdominal cavity?
A. Tunica vaginalis
B. Perineal raphe
C. Spermatic cord
D. Tunica albuginea
E. Mediastinum testis
A
A. Tunica vaginalis
45
Q
- Sperm are produced in the
A. rete testis.
B. seminiferous tubules.
C. epididymis.
D. seminal vesicles.
E. efferent ductules.
A
B. seminiferous tubules.
46
Q
- The interstitial cells in the testes
A. undergo mitosis to produce primary spermatocytes.
B. support and protect the developing sperm cells.
C. secrete testosterone.
D. convert fructose to glucose to nourish the sperm.
E. form the lining of the seminiferous tubules.
A
C. secrete testosterone.
47
Q
- Developing sperm cells are protected by a blood-testis barrier formed by
A. connective tissue septa.
B. interstitial spaces.
C. Leydig cells.
D. sustentacular cells.
E. leukocytes.
A
D. sustentacular cells.
48
Q
- Which is not part of the spermatic cord?
A. Testicular artery
B. Pampiniform plexus
C. Cremaster muscle
D. Ductus deferens
E. Dartos muscle
A
E. Dartos muscle
49
Q
- Which is not true about spermatogenesis?
A. The process includes two meiotic divisions.
B. The final stage of the process is called spermiogenesis.
C. Mature spermatozoa are haploid.
D. Spermatogenesis begins at birth and continues throughout a man’s life.
E. The process takes place in the walls of the seminiferous tubules.
A
D. Spermatogenesis begins at birth and continues throughout a man’s life.
50
Q
- What part of a spermatozoon contains the nuclear material?
A. Acrosome cap
B. Head
C. Midpiece
D. Flagellum
E. Tail
A
B. Head
51
Q
- The stages that appear during spermatogenesis are
a: Spermatid
b: Primary spermatocyte
c: Spermatogonium
d: Spermatozoon
e: Secondary spermatocyte
What is the correct order of appearance of these stages?
A. b, e, c, d, a
B. c, e, d, a, b
C. c, b, e, a, d
D. a, c, b, e, d
E. d, b, c, e, a
A
C. c, b, e, a, d
52
Q
- The acrosome cap contains
A. testosterone.
B. nutrients to sustain the sperm.
C. enzymes to allow penetration into the oocyte.
D. mitochondria to provide energy for movement.
E. buffers to neutralize the acidity of the female reproductive tract.
A
C. enzymes to allow penetration into the oocyte
53
Q
- How many spermatozoa ultimately develop from each primary spermatocyte?
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4
E. 5
A
D. 4
54
Q
- Where are spermatozoa stored until they are fully mature?
A. Epididymis
B. Rete testis
C. Ductus deferens
D. Seminiferous tubules
E. Efferent ductules
A
A. Epididymis
55
Q
- The rete testis
A. receives sperm from the seminiferous tubules.
B. is the nerve plexus that supplies the testis.
C. is a venous network that cools the arterial blood traveling to the testis.
D. transports seminal fluid to the efferent ductules.
E. is the site of spermiogenesis.
A
A. receives sperm from the seminiferous tubules.
56
Q
- The structures of the male reproductive tract are
a: Ductus deferens
b: Urethra
c: Epididymis
d: Ejaculatory duct
e: Ampulla
The order in which sperm passes through these structures from the testes to the penis is
A. a, b, c, e, d
B. c, a, e, d, b
C. a, c, e, b, d
D. c, a, b, d, e
E. d, a, c, e, b
A
B. c, a, e, d, b
57
Q
- The ejaculatory duct is formed by the
A. ampulla and the proximal portion of the seminal vesicle.
B. ductus deferens and the ducts of the prostate gland.
C. ampulla and the distal portions of the bulbourethral glands.
D. ductus deferens and the ducts of the prostate gland and bulbourethral glands.
E. ampulla and the prostatic urethra.
A
A. ampulla and the proximal portion of the seminal vesicle.
58
Q
- What prevents the simultaneous passage of sperm and urine through the male urethra?
A. External urethral sphincter
B. Bulbourethral gland
C. Internal urethral sphincter
D. Perineal raphe
E. Prepuce
A
C. Internal urethral sphincter
59
Q
- Which of the male accessory glands encircles the urethra?
A. Seminal vesicle
B. Bulbourethral gland
C. Prostate gland
D. Cowper’s gland
E. Urethral gland
A
C. Prostate gland
60
Q
- Which gland secretes a fluid containing fructose?
A. Seminal vesicle
B. Bulbourethral gland
C. Vestibular gland
D. Prostate gland
E. Urethral gland
A
A. Seminal vesicle
61
Q
- Which of the following is not a component of seminal fluid?
A. Prostaglandin
B. Citric acid
C. Mucus
D. Seminalplasmin
E. Calcium
A
E. Calcium
62
Q
- Which of these male reproductive structures is unpaired (meaning there’s only one in the body)?
A. Epididymis
B. Bulbourethral gland
C. Prostate gland
D. Seminal vesicle
E. Corpus cavernosum
A
C. Prostate gland
63
Q
- Which is not correct regarding the penis?
A. The root of the penis is attached to the pubic arch.
B. The body of the penis contains the corpora cavernosa and corpus spongiosum.
C. The prepuce is removed during circumcision.
D. The penis is the male copulatory organ.
E. The enlarged proximal end is called the glans.
A
E. The enlarged proximal end is called the glans.
64
Q
- An erection of the penis is caused by
A. semen pressure from the testes and ductus deferens.
B. muscle flexion of the penile muscles.
C. increased secretions of lymph into the spongy tissue.
D. blood filling the erectile bodies and compressing the veins.
E. ejaculatory muscles.
A
D. blood filling the erectile bodies and compressing the veins.
65
Q
- The changes that occur in a woman’s body at menopause are due to
A. reduced frequency of sexual activity.
B. reduced levels of estrogen and progesterone.
C. increased production of androgens by the adrenal gland.
D. depletion of oocyte supply.
E. fluid retention that disrupts the osmotic balance of the body.
A
B. reduced levels of estrogen and progesterone.
66
Q
- Which is not considered to be a symptom of menopause?
A. Vaginal dryness
B. Increase in the amount of facial hair
C. Periodic elevations in body temperature
D. Osteoporosis
E. No exceptions; all choices are considered to be symptoms of menopause.
A
E. No exceptions; all choices are considered to be symptoms of menopause.
67
Q
- Which is not considered to be a change associated with aging in males?
A. Erectile dysfunction
B. Impotence
C. Decreased testosterone levels
D. Prostate enlargement
E. Termination of spermatogenesis
A
E. Termination of spermatogenesis
68
Q
- In males, the _________ gene on the Y chromosome initiates male phenotypic development.
A. HRT
B. AMH
C. TDF
D. PSA
E. BPH
A
C. TDF
69
Q
- During development, the __________ ducts form the female duct system.
A. mesonephric
B. paramesonephric
C. metanephric
D. parametanephric
E. Wolffian
A
B. paramesonephric
70
Q
- In females, the genital tubercle forms the
A. clitoris.
B. vagina.
C. labia majora.
D. labia minora.
E. uterus.
A
A. clitoris.
71
Q
- In males, the labioscrotal swellings form the
A. scrotum.
B. scrotum and testes.
C. scrotum and root of the penis.
D. scrotum and dorsal side of the penis.
E. scrotum and ventral side of the penis.
A
A. scrotum.
72
Q
- Descent of the testis from the abdominal cavity to the scrotum is aided by a band of connective tissue
called the
A. tunica vaginalis.
B. tunica albuginea.
C. gubernaculum.
D. mesonephric duct.
E. genital ridge.
A
C. gubernaculum.
73
Q
- The external genitalia do not become clearly differentiated until about week ____ of development.
A. 6
B. 12
C. 20
D. 32
E. 38
A
C. 20
74
Q
- This figure shows a posterior view of the organs of the female reproductive system. Which number
indicates the ovarian ligament?
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4
E. 5
A
B. 2
75
Q
- This figure shows a posterior view of the organs of the female reproductive system. Which number
indicates the suspensory ligament?
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4
E. 5
A
D. 4
