endocrine system (347) Flashcards
two parts of the pituitary gland
- anterior pituitary
- posterior pituitary
other name of anterior pituitary
adenohypophysis
other name of the posterior pituitary
neurohypophysis
what hormone released by anterior pituitary target the thyroid? function?
Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH
-> release thyroid hormones T3 and T4
what hormone released by anterior pituitary target the breast? function?
prolactin (PRL)
-> produce milk
what hormone released by anterior pituitary target the ovaries and testes? function?
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and Luteinizing hormone (LH)
-> release sex hormone and develop gametes
what hormone released by anterior pituitary target the adrenal gland? function?
Adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH)
-> release corticosteroid
what hormone released by anterior pituitary target the liver? function?
growth hormone (GH)
-> promote growth
what hormone released by anterior pituitary target the melanocyte? function?
melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH)
-> increase melanin synthesis
what hormone released by posterior pituitary? function?
oxytocin & antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
-> oxytocin: uterine contraction for labor & breast contraction for lactation
-> ADH: help kidney control amount of water and salt in body
which part of the posterior pituitary released oxytocin?
paraventricular nucleus
which part of the posterior pituitary released ADH?
supraoptic nucleus
what hormones released by thyroid?
T3: triiodothyronine
T4: thyroxine
which cell in the thyroid produce calcitonin?
parafollicular cell (C cells)
which cells in the parathyroid gland produce parathyroid hormone (PTH)?
chief cells (principal cells)
three layers of adrenal cortex
- zona glomerulosa
- zona fasciculata
- zona recticularis
which hormone does zona glomerulosa released?
Mineralocorticoids -> aldosterone
which hormone does zona fasciculata released?
glucocorticoids -> cortisol
which hormone does zona recticularis released?
androgens (sex hormones)
which hormone does adrenal medulla released?
epinephrine (E) and norepinephrine (NE)
alpha cells and beta cells in pancreas are __________ _______
pancreatic islets
what hormone does the alpha cells released? function?
glucagon -> increase glucose
what hormone does the beta cells released? function?
insulin -> decrease glucose
which hormone does the pineal gland released?
melatonin
which hormone does the thymus released?
thymosin -> develop T cells
which hormone does the kidney released?
- erythropoietin (EPO) -> RBC production
- renin -> control production of aldosterone
which hormone does the heart released?
atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)
which hormone does the ovaries released?
-estrogens
-progesterone
which hormone does the testes released?
- androgens
- testosterone
source of ACTH
corticotrophic cells of pars distalis
target of ACTH
adrenal cortex
source of FSH & LH
gonadotropic cells of pars distalis
target of FSH & LH
testes and ovaries
source of TSH
thyrotropic cells of pars distalis
target of TSH
thyroid gland
source of prolactin
mammortropic cells
target of prolactin
-mammary glands
-interstitial cells of testes
source of GH
somatic cells
target of GH
almost every cells in the body
source of oxytocin
supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei of hypothalamus
target of oxytocin
- female: uterus, mammary gland
- male: smooth muscle of the reproductive tract
source of ADH
supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei of hypothalamus
target of ADH
kidneys & smooth muscle of arteriole walls
source of mineralcorticoid
zona glomerulosa of adrenal cortex
target of mineralcorticoid
kidneys cells
source of glucocorticoid
zona fasciculata of adrenal cortex
target of glucocorticoid
liver cells
source of gonadocorticoid
zona recticularis of adrenal cortex
target of gonadocorticoid
sex organs, gonads
source of epinephrine and norepinephrine
chromaffin cells of adrenal medulla
target of E & NE
various cells throughout body
Is pancreatic acini act as endocrine/ exocrine?
exocrine
Is pancreatic islets act as endocrine/ exocrine?
endocrine
source of glucagon
alpha cells of pancreatic islet
target of glucagon
liver, adipose cells
source of insulin
beta cells of pancreatic islets
target of insulin
liver, body cells
