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Biol 348 Anatomy > endocrine system (347) > Flashcards

endocrine system (347) Flashcards

1
Q

two parts of the pituitary gland

A
  • anterior pituitary
  • posterior pituitary
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2
Q

other name of anterior pituitary

A

adenohypophysis

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3
Q

other name of the posterior pituitary

A

neurohypophysis

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4
Q

what hormone released by anterior pituitary target the thyroid? function?

A

Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH
-> release thyroid hormones T3 and T4

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5
Q

what hormone released by anterior pituitary target the breast? function?

A

prolactin (PRL)
-> produce milk

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6
Q

what hormone released by anterior pituitary target the ovaries and testes? function?

A

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and Luteinizing hormone (LH)
-> release sex hormone and develop gametes

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7
Q

what hormone released by anterior pituitary target the adrenal gland? function?

A

Adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH)
-> release corticosteroid

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8
Q

what hormone released by anterior pituitary target the liver? function?

A

growth hormone (GH)
-> promote growth

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9
Q

what hormone released by anterior pituitary target the melanocyte? function?

A

melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH)
-> increase melanin synthesis

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10
Q

what hormone released by posterior pituitary? function?

A

oxytocin & antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

-> oxytocin: uterine contraction for labor & breast contraction for lactation

-> ADH: help kidney control amount of water and salt in body

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11
Q

which part of the posterior pituitary released oxytocin?

A

paraventricular nucleus

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12
Q

which part of the posterior pituitary released ADH?

A

supraoptic nucleus

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13
Q

what hormones released by thyroid?

A

T3: triiodothyronine
T4: thyroxine

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14
Q

which cell in the thyroid produce calcitonin?

A

parafollicular cell (C cells)

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15
Q

which cells in the parathyroid gland produce parathyroid hormone (PTH)?

A

chief cells (principal cells)

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16
Q

three layers of adrenal cortex

A
  • zona glomerulosa
  • zona fasciculata
  • zona recticularis
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17
Q

which hormone does zona glomerulosa released?

A

Mineralocorticoids -> aldosterone

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18
Q

which hormone does zona fasciculata released?

A

glucocorticoids -> cortisol

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19
Q

which hormone does zona recticularis released?

A

androgens (sex hormones)

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20
Q

which hormone does adrenal medulla released?

A

epinephrine (E) and norepinephrine (NE)

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21
Q

alpha cells and beta cells in pancreas are __________ _______

A

pancreatic islets

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22
Q

what hormone does the alpha cells released? function?

A

glucagon -> increase glucose

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23
Q

what hormone does the beta cells released? function?

A

insulin -> decrease glucose

24
Q

which hormone does the pineal gland released?

A

melatonin

25
Q

which hormone does the thymus released?

A

thymosin -> develop T cells

26
Q

which hormone does the kidney released?

A
  • erythropoietin (EPO) -> RBC production
  • renin -> control production of aldosterone
27
Q

which hormone does the heart released?

A

atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)

28
Q

which hormone does the ovaries released?

A

-estrogens
-progesterone

29
Q

which hormone does the testes released?

A
  • androgens
  • testosterone
30
Q

source of ACTH

A

corticotrophic cells of pars distalis

31
Q

target of ACTH

A

adrenal cortex

32
Q

source of FSH & LH

A

gonadotropic cells of pars distalis

33
Q

target of FSH & LH

A

testes and ovaries

34
Q

source of TSH

A

thyrotropic cells of pars distalis

35
Q

target of TSH

A

thyroid gland

36
Q

source of prolactin

A

mammortropic cells

37
Q

target of prolactin

A

-mammary glands
-interstitial cells of testes

38
Q

source of GH

A

somatic cells

39
Q

target of GH

A

almost every cells in the body

40
Q

source of oxytocin

A

supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei of hypothalamus

41
Q

target of oxytocin

A
  • female: uterus, mammary gland
  • male: smooth muscle of the reproductive tract
42
Q

source of ADH

A

supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei of hypothalamus

43
Q

target of ADH

A

kidneys & smooth muscle of arteriole walls

44
Q

source of mineralcorticoid

A

zona glomerulosa of adrenal cortex

45
Q

target of mineralcorticoid

A

kidneys cells

46
Q

source of glucocorticoid

A

zona fasciculata of adrenal cortex

47
Q

target of glucocorticoid

A

liver cells

48
Q

source of gonadocorticoid

A

zona recticularis of adrenal cortex

49
Q

target of gonadocorticoid

A

sex organs, gonads

50
Q

source of epinephrine and norepinephrine

A

chromaffin cells of adrenal medulla

51
Q

target of E & NE

A

various cells throughout body

52
Q

Is pancreatic acini act as endocrine/ exocrine?

A

exocrine

53
Q

Is pancreatic islets act as endocrine/ exocrine?

A

endocrine

54
Q

source of glucagon

A

alpha cells of pancreatic islet

55
Q

target of glucagon

A

liver, adipose cells

56
Q

source of insulin

A

beta cells of pancreatic islets

57
Q

target of insulin

A

liver, body cells

Biol 348 Anatomy (25 decks)

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