Vertebral Column Flashcards
why does scoliosis develop?
gene defects, developmental issues (maybe hemivertebra), to neuromuscular (e.g. muscular dystrophies) and idiopathic
what is scoliosis?
vertebrae rotate towards the concavity of either a kyphosis or lordosis
thoracic vertebrae characteristics (3)
no transverse foramen
rib bearing
Coronally (joint surface visible in the coronal plane) oriented joint facets
what do transverse processes of thoracic vertebra articulate with?
tubercle joint facet of the ribs
what is special about thoracic vertebrae T2-T9?
two demi-facets on the vertebral body to connect with the caput joint facets of the ribs
Lumbar vertebrae characteristics (4)
No ribs
No transverse foramen
Large and robust
Sagitally orientated (joint surfaces visible in sagittal plane) joint facets
what is Spondylolysis?
A deformation/ defect or a stress fracture of the vertebral arch and/or articular processes
Facet joint motions in cervical vertebra
Joint facets facing superior and inferior: flexion/extension, lateral bending, rotation
Facet joint motions in thoracic vertebra
Joint facets facing anterior and posterior: mostly rotation
Facet joint motions in lumbar vertebra
Joint facets facing medial and lateral: mostly flexion/ extension
Longitudinal back muscles
Iliocostalis
Longissimus
Spinalis
Longitudinal head/ neck deep muscles
Splenius capitus
Splenius cervicus
Spinal rotator (deep) muscles
Multifidus
semispinalis
Rotatores (mainly thoracic region)
thoracolumbar fascia (3)
ant, mid and posterior sheets
Anterior - erector spinae
Middle - quadrates lumborum
behind posterior sheet - quadrates lumborum
what level does spinal cord terminate?
T12, L1
