Thorax Flashcards
mediastinum contains four groups
Thymus
Heart and large b. vessels
Trachea, oesophagus, thoracic duct, lymph nodes
Vagus, phrenic nerves, sympathetic nervous trunk
superior mediastinum - location
top - sternal notch to T1
bottom - sternal angle to T4
inferior mediastinum - location
top - sternal angle to T4
bottom - xiphoid process to L1
Pleura membranes
Parietal Pleura - inn. intercostal nerves, phrenic nerve. Sensitive to pain, temperature, touch & pressure
Visceral Pleura - inn. ANS. only sensitive to stretching
Thoracic outlet syndrome
impingement of brachial plexus in the scalenes, ribs, and clavicles. Plexus emerges from the anterior and middle scalene muscles.
Vagus Nerve
CNX . The 10th Cranial nerve
cricoid cartilage
level with C6, only complete cartilageous ring of the trachea.
carina
ridge between left and right bronchi
alveoli cells (2)
Pneumocytes (Structure)
Type II peumocytes ; secrete pulmonary surfactant. These are lipoproteins and reduce surface tension by a factor of at least 10.
functions of the peritoneum and peritoneal space (4)
- Peritoneal fluid contains leukocytes > immune function (inflammations and invasions)
- Motion of organs (peristalsis) is facilitated
- Suspending and supporting organs in place
within the abdominal cavity - Fat storage (especially mesenteries and greater momentum
boundaries of abdominal cavity
- Superiorboundary: Diaphragm
- Inferiorboundary: Pelvic
diaphragm and pelvic inlet - Posteriorboundary: Vertebral colum and posterior abdominal wall muscles
- Anteriorandlateralboundaries: Anterior and lateral abdominal wall muscles, ribs, sternum and iliac crests
The peritoneal spaces (2) and their locations
- greater sac. Reaches from diaphragm to pelvic inlet
- lesser sac.
structure that communicates between the two peritoneal spaces
epiploic foramen. Lies behind the
stomach
Greater Omentum
Location: connects the greater curvature of the stomach to the transverse colon. In doing so, it covers the small intestines (hanging down like an apron)
Lesser Omentum
Location: suspends the lesser curvature of the stomach from liver structures on the underside of the liver (venous ligament, porta hepatic)
- In front of it lie the porta hepatis, the hepatic artery and the bile duct
