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Anatomy > The Leg - Muscles > Flashcards

The Leg - Muscles Flashcards

1
Q

Rectus Femoris

Attachments, actions, innervation

A 
Anterior inferior iliac spine to common tendon of the quadriceps enclosing the patella.
Flexes the hip, Extension of the leg at the knee joint.
Femoral nerve (L2-L4)
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2
Q

Popliteus

A

Found behind the knee, used to unlock the knee

It originates from lateral surface of lateral epicondyle on the femur. The muscle insertion is on the posterior surface of the body of tibia above the soleal line.

Tibial nerve (L4, L5)

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3
Q

Actions of Popliteus

A

It outward rotates the femur on the tibia, with the foot fixed on the ground. This action “unlocks” the hyperextension of the knee joint before flexion motion can occur

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4
Q

Tibialis anterior

A

lateral epicondyle and proximal lateral shaft of the tibia

Insertion; It crosses over the foot to attach to the medial cuneiform and base of metatarsal I.

Inn.: Deep peroneal nerve (L4, L5)

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5
Q

Extensor digitorum longus:

A

Origin ; lateral to the tibialis anterior, on the Lateral condyle of tibia, and upper tibial shaft

Insertion ; distal phalanges of toes 2-5

Inn.: Deep peroneal nerve (L5, S1)

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6
Q

Extensor hallucis longus:

A

Origin : Anterior surface of fibula shaft
Insertion : base of distal phalanx great toe.

Inn.: Deep peroneal nerve L5, S1)

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7
Q

Peroneus tertius

A

This is a very small muscle in the anterior compartment.

Origin; Anterior surface fibular shaft (distally)
Insertion; base of metatarsal V.

Inn.: deep peroneal nerve (L5, S1)

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8
Q

Gastrocnemius

one of the three superficial posterior leg muscles

A

Lateral head: lateral condyle femur, medial head: medial condyle femur > both via achilles tendon to posterior surface calcaneus. Inn.: Tibial nerve (S1, S2)

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9
Q

Soleus

one of the three superficial posterior leg muscles

A

Origin; Tibia and fibula shafts
Insertion; via achilles tendon to posterior surface calcaneus.

Inn.: Tibial nerve (S1, S2)

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10
Q

Plantaris longus

one of the three superficial posterior leg muscles

A

Origin; lateral supracondylar ridge of femur

Insertion; posterior surface calcaneus.

Inn.: Tibial nerve (S1, S2)

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11
Q

Tibialis posterior

A

This muscle runs between the tibia and the fibula, on the posterior aspect (interosseus membrane)
Origin ; the tendon then travels medially to attach to all cuneiforms (medial, intermediate, lateral), and the navicular tuberosity
Inn . Tibial nerve (L4, L5)

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12
Q

Flexor digitorum longus

A

Origin : posterior tibial surface

Insertion : tendon travels medially to attach to base distal phalanges toes 2-5. Inn.: Tibial nerve (S2, S3)

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13
Q

Flexor hallucis longus

A

Fibula, distal 2/3rd and interosseous membrane > base distal phalanx big toe. Inn.: Tibial nerve (S2, S3)

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14
Q

Fibularis (peroneus) longus

A

Origin : lateral surface of fibula shaft base

the tendon of this muscle travels underneath the foot to attach to metatarsal I and medial cuneiform.

Inn.: Superficial peroneus nerve (L5, S1, S2)

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15
Q

Fibularis (peroneus) brevis

A

lateral surface of fibula shaft > base of metatarsal V. Inn.: Superficial peroneus nerve (L5, S1, S2)

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16
Q

What are the four quadriceps femoris muscles ?

And what is their innervation?

A 
Rectus femoris
Vastus lateralis
Vastus medialis
Vastus intermedius
Inn. Femoral nerve L2-L4
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17
Q

Vastus lateralis

A

Origin ; greater trochanter and upper lateral surface of linea aspera
Insertion ; quadriceps tendon

action ; extension

inn. Femoral nerve (L2-L4)

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18
Q

What are the three medial bones in the foot? (distal to proximal). Remember anterior tibialis insertion.

A

cuneiform
navicular
talus

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19
Q

Motion in the Knee Joint - Flexion (7 muscles)

A 
Semimembranosus 
• Semitendinosus
• Biceps femoris
• Gracilis
• Sartorius
• Popliteus
• Gastrocnemius
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20
Q

what attaches to the soleus line?

A

popliteus
soleus
flexor digitorum longus
tibialis posterior

21
Q

What are the borders of the popliteal fossa?

A

Semimembranosus - superior and lateral
Semitendinosus -
Bicepsfemoris

Gastrocnemiuslateral head and plantaris longus
Gastrocnemiusmedial head

22
Q

Semimembranosus

A

deepest of hamstring muscles, forms the superior medial border of the popliteal fossa
Inserts into the posterior surface of the medial condyle of the tibia.
Originates as the ischial tuberosity, along with the semitendinous and biceps femoris.

23
Q

semitendinous muscle

A

originates at the ischial tuberosity along with the semimembranosus and the biceps femoris.
Inserts via the pes anserinus tendon into the medial surface of the superior shaft of the tibia.

24
Q

How many heads does the biceps femoris have?

A

two

25
Q

The common fibular and common tibial nerves are branches of what big nerve?

A

Sciatic

26
Q

what is the name of the ligament that connects the two menisci?

A

transverse ligament

27
Q

What is the Pes anserinus? (“goose foot”)

A

the conjoined tendons of three muscles that insert onto the anteromedial (front and inside) surface of the proximal extremity of the tibia. The muscles are the sartorius, gracilis and semitendinosus.

28
Q

Extensor digitorum brevis (in the foot)

A

Origin ; dorsal and lateral aspect of calcaneous

Insertion ; phalanges of 2-4 toes

29
Q

peroneus longus

A

?

30
Q

What does the femoral nerve innervate?

A

Quadriceps

31
Q

What does the obturator nerve innervate?

A

Adductors

32
Q

What does the common peroneal nerve innervate?

A

Extensors of lower leg (deep peroneal nerve)

Peroneus longus and brevis (superficial peroneal nerve)

33
Q

What does the superior gluteal nerve innervate?

A

Gluteus medius and minimus

34
Q

What does the inferior gluteal nerve innervate?

A

Gluteus maximus

35
Q

What does the sciatic nerve innervate?

A

Hamstrings

Biceps Femoris muscles

36
Q

What does the tibial nerve innervate?

A

Gastroneumius muscle

Lower leg flexors

37
Q

What does the medial plantar nerve innervate?

A 
Short flexor muscles (foot)
Interossei muscles (foot)
38
Q

What does the lateral plantar nerve innervate?

A

Short abductor muscles (foot)

39
Q

What muscles are in the anterior leg compartment?

TEEP

A

Tibialis Anterior
Extensor digitorum longus
Extensor hallucis longus
Peroneus tertius

40
Q

What nerve supplies the anterior leg compartment?

A

Deep Peroneal nerve (L5, S1)

41
Q

Which ligament gets most damaged with a sprained ankle?

A

Anterior talofibular ligament

42
Q

What muscles (and other structures) are in the posterior leg compartment?

( Divided from anterior compartment by tibia and fibula
and interosseus membrane )

A 
Triceps surae &plantaris longus
• Tibialis posterior
• Flexor hallucis
• Flexor digitorum longus
• (Achilles tendon)
• Posterior tibial artery
• Posterior tibial nerve
43
Q

Organization of the Leg: Lateral Compartment

A
  • Its medial boundary is the fibula, all its contents lie laterally to it
  • Anterior and posterior borders are the fascial intermuscular septa
  • Contents:
  • Fibularis (peroneus) longus and brevis muscles
  • Superficial fibularis (peroneus) nerve
44
Q

Which ligament gets most damaged with a sprained ankle?

A

Anterior talofibular ligament

45
Q

What muscles (and other structures) are in the posterior leg compartment?

( Divided from anterior compartment by tibia and fibula
and interosseus membrane )

A 
- Triceps surae &plantaris longus
• Tibialis posterior
• Flexor hallucis
• Flexor digitorum longus
• (Achilles tendon)
• Posterior tibial artery
• Posterior tibial nerve
46
Q

Organization of the Leg: Lateral Compartment

A
  • Its medial boundary is the fibula, all its contents lie laterally to it
  • Anterior and posterior borders are the fascial intermuscular septa
  • Contents:
  • Fibularis longus and brevis muscles
  • Superficial fibularis nerve
47
Q

Posterior compartment SUPERFICIAL leg muscles (3)

+ innervation

A

Gastrocneumius
Soleus
Plantaris Longus

Innervation - Tibial nerve

48
Q

Posterior compartment DEEP leg muscles (4)

TFFP

A

Tibialis posterior
Flexor hallucis longus
Flexor digitorum longus
Popliteus

Anatomy (33 decks)

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