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Anatomy > vertebral column > Flashcards

vertebral column Flashcards

1
Q

functions of vertebral column

A

support upper body weight
protect spinal cord and nerves
allow trunk movement

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2
Q

regions of the spine

A

cervical 1-7
thoracic 1-12
lumbar 1-5
sacrum 1-5 fused
coccyx 1-4 fused

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3
Q

features of a vertebrae bone

A

vertebral body- thick/ bulk/ weight bear and movement

vertebral arch- bony projections protecting nerves- movements

vertebral foramen= nerves travel through his

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4
Q

intervertebral canal

A

site of spinal nerves leave the spine

bounded by IVD in front and bone of pedicle above and bellow
z joints are behind

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5
Q

interbody joint classification

A

modified fibrocartilage joint

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6
Q

characteristics of the interbody joint

A

cartilage end plate= top and bottom

annulus fibrosis- fibrous outside

nucleus pulposis- shock absorption

all 3 from a IVD

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7
Q

annular fibrosis

A

alternating layers of regular connecting tissue

function= maintain the nucleus pulposis// allow and limit movement

as get lower= in lumbar the fibres differ in the way they run 65- 70 degrees

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8
Q

end plate

A

cartilage disc

transmit weight to adjacent disc
confine nucleus pulposis/ annular fibres
securing nutrients for disc because the disc is avascular

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9
Q

nucleus pulposion

A

shock absorption
when force is rapidly applied it squish down and swells out then annular fibrosis stiffens

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10
Q

how do IVD gain nutrients

A

diffusion from vertebral bodies
imbiding fluids

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11
Q

lumbar vertebrae in terms of thickness

A

thickest
because more stability and protection
hence why annular fibres run in 65-70 degrees different directions and more vertical

thicker anterior to support lordodic

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12
Q

cervical vertebrae in terms of thickness

A

smaller

nucleus pulposion very small and disapears by 20 because the annular fibrosis begins to degenerate increasing the ability to move

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13
Q

what does the annular fibrosis limit

A

shear movements due to oblique oreintation

the length on the fibres also allow rocking movements

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14
Q

how does nucleus pulposis allow weight bearing

A

radial expansion of the nucleus pulposis which causes the tension to develop in the annular fibrosis

push down and out

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15
Q

functions of interbody joints

A

transmission of load to adjacent vertebrae by end plate

shock absorption

increased effectiness of annular fibrosis

reformation of vertebrae disc

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16
Q

lordosis occurs in

A

lumbar and cervical

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17
Q

kyphosis occurs in

A

thoracic and sacrum

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18
Q

zygopophyseal joint

A

synovial plane multiaxial

lose articular capsule which is reinforced by ligamentum favum and multifidis

19
Q

Z joint functions

A

determine direction of movenet
determine range of movenet
to bear weight 33 % cervical 15% in lumbar

20
Q

movements of the spine

A

flexion and extension
r/l lateral flexion
r/l rotation

21
Q

cervical region of c3-c7

A

superior articular facets are tipped fwd from coronal plane
large movements because disc degeneration

22
Q

conjunct rotation

A

in cervical spine ipsilateral coupling with lateral flexion

23
Q

thoracic region

A

superior articular facets close to coronal plane
equal rom
all movments are limited by the ribs

24
Q

lumbar region

A

very limited rotation in saggital portion
protection if IVD- coronal portion

x want shear force
decrease risk of hernia
decrease risk of pain
decrease risk of paralysis

25
Q

anterior longnitudal ligament

A

extends from C1 to sacrum
attach to all anterior bodies and disc
limits extension

26
Q

posterior longitude ligament

A

extends from C2 to sacrum
attach to posterior durfaces inside foramen
sperated from vertebral bodies by venous plexus

limit flexion

27
Q

ligamentum flavum

A

back of laminar to front
significant amount of elastic fibres
connects lamminate to adjacent vertebrae
protect neural tissue

break flexion
protect z joint

28
Q

supraspinous ligament

A

C7 to sacrum

limit flexion

29
Q

interspinous ligament

A

connects spinous process
limit flexion

30
Q

intratransverse ligament

A

connect transverse process

limits lateral flexion

31
Q

atlas

A

C1
holds the head
no vertebral body- instead 2 lateral masses united by 2 arches
anterior and posterior arch with tubercles

superior artciular facets are elongated and concaved/ deep

32
Q

axis

A

c2
body
spinous process
dens- condonloid process

33
Q

atlanto-occipital joints

A

synovial/ biaxial/ elipsoid

superior articular facets with occipital condyles

when they lateral flexion occurs their is contralteral rotation

34
Q

atlanto-axial joint

A

medium- synovial/ pivot/ uniaxial
facet of dens with dens

lateralx 2 - synovial plane multiaxial
inferior articular facet/ superior articular facet

c1 rotates on c2

35
Q

atlanto-occipital membrane

A

anterior- anterior arch of c1 to margin of foramen magnum

posterior- posterior arch of c1 to posterior foramen magnum

limit all movement

36
Q

transvers ligament

A

spans between 2 lateral masses of c1
wraps around dens posteriorly to hold it in place

limit anterior glide of c1 in flexion

37
Q

curicform ligament

A

limit flexion of head

superior up to foramen magnum

38
Q

apical ligament of dens

A

tip of dens to anterior foramen magnum

39
Q

alar ligament

A

winged top dens to medial sides of occiptal condyles

limit flex
lat flex
contralteral rotation

40
Q

tectorial ligament

A

extend of posterior longitude ligament

posterior surface of c2- anterior margin of foramen magnum

limit head flexion

41
Q

atlanto- axial membrane

A

anterior- anterior arch c1 to anteiro body c2

posterior- psoterior arch c1 to vertebral arch c2

42
Q

ligamentum nuche/ spetum

A

spinous process c7 to occipital bone
expansion of supraspinous

43
Q

joints of lower cervical spine c3- c7

A

z joints

interbody joints- secondary cartilaginous

uncovertebral

44
Q

uncovertebral joints

A

synovial

lateral aspects of vertebral body above with uncinate process bottom vertebrae

develop as IVD degenerate

increase ROM

Anatomy (32 decks)

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