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Anatomy > functional anatomy of the leg and foot > Flashcards

functional anatomy of the leg and foot Flashcards

1
Q

muscle of the leg- posterior superfical

A

gastrocnemius- plantarflexion
soleus- plantar flexion ( inversion )
plantarus- plantarflexion
popliteus- medial rotaion of knee

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2
Q

gastrocnemius

A

femoral codyles to the calcaneus via the achelies tendon
medial is larger
plantarflexion

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3
Q

soleus

A

inversion plantarflexion
deep to gastrocnemius
soleal line to calcaneal via acheleis tendon

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4
Q

planatarus

A

lateral condyles to calcaneus
small muscle belly
plantarflexion

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5
Q

muscle of the leg posterior deep

A

flexor hallicus longus- plantarflexion- flexor of big toe
tibialis posterior - plantarflexion and inversion
flexor digitorium longus - plantarflexion and flex digits

tom dick and harry
medial to lateral

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6
Q

flexor hallicus longus

A

goes to the big toe
flexor big toe
plantar flexion

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7
Q

tibalis posterior

A

tibia and fibular
interoseus membrane
plantar flexion and inversion

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8
Q

flexor digitorium longus

A

plantar flexion
flex digits

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9
Q

leg muscle lateral

A

fibularis longus -eversion and plantar flexion
perineus bravis - dorsi flexion and inversion

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10
Q

fibularis longus

A

behind lateal malleoulus to first metartarsal
and eversion and plantar flexion

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11
Q

perineus bravis

A

base of 5th metaratarsal
eversion and plantar flexion

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12
Q

leg muscle anterior

A

tibialis anterior - dorsiflexion and inversion
extensor hallicaus longus - dorsiflexion
prineus tertius- dorsiflexion and eversion

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13
Q

retinacula of the foot

A

over tendons
to hold tendons in place and prevent bow string

extensor retinacula
peroneal
flexor

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14
Q

superior extensor retinacula of the foot

A

bind to tendons of the
TA, EHL, EDL, PT
horizontal above the ankle

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15
Q

inferior extensor retinacula of the foot

A

bind the TA, EHL,EDL,PT
Y SHAPED AND ANTERIOR TO TALOCURAL LIGAMENTS

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16
Q

peroneal retinacula of the foot

A

superior and inferior
ninds down P.L AND P.B behind the lateral malleolous

17
Q

flexor retinacula of the foot

A

converts bone grooves into cannals for tendons TP FDL FHL
bridges over posterior tibial vessels and nerves

18
Q

synovial sheath

A

double layer of synovial membrane
sorrounds tendons as pass through retinacula

smmoth tendons
prevent friction

19
Q

muscle of the foot dorsal

A

extensor digitorium bravis
extensor hallucius bravis

20
Q

muscle of the foot plantar layer 1

A

flexor digitorium brevis
abductor hallucius
abductor digit minimi

21
Q

muscles of the foot plantar layer 2

A

flexor digitorium
flexor hallucus longus
flexor accessorius
lumbricals

22
Q

muscle of the foot plantar layer 3

A

adductor halllucus
flexor digit minni
felxor hallucis bravis

23
Q

muscles of the foot plantar 4th layer

A

perioneus longus
tibialis posterior
plantar interoseus- 3rd digit adduct
dorsal interossei- 4th digit abduct

24
Q

function of the foot

A

weight bear
propulsion
shock absorbs

25
Q

Gait 2 parts

A

step off
heel strike

26
Q

step off

A

1- plantarflexion extends the MTP joint
tightens plantar aponeurosis
raises medial longnitude arch
head of talus moves superiorly
subtalar joint supernates and foot becomes
rigid as mid tarsal joint is rigid
locks and becomes more stable

increase ability to poperl and push off

27
Q

heel strike

A

subtalar joint pronates and mid tarasal joint unlocks and

increase flexibility able to shock absorb

increas ability to adjust to uneven ground
aids change o direction
shifiting surfaces

28
Q

foot arches

A

lateral - relative flat but more rigid
medial- higher curve more elastic/ flexible
transverse

29
Q

bones in medial foot arch

A

calcaneus talus navicular cunneforms metartarsals 1,2,3

30
Q

bones is lateral foot arch

A

calcaneus
talus
cuboid
metartarsals 4,5

31
Q

why no flat foot

A

because tibia would take greater force

arch alllows flexibile and shock absorbe

efficent weight bear
foot abilit to change on uneven ground
efficent propulsion

32
Q

static sructures

A

are passive support
shape of bones and ligaments

33
Q

dynamic support structure

A

muscular support

Medial- FHL, FDL,TP,TA,AH
Lateral- PL PB PT TP ADH

34
Q

INVERSION

A

SOLE POINT IN
add
supernate
plantar flex

35
Q

EVRSION

A

SOLE POINT OUT
abd
pronate
dorsir

36
Q

digital expansion

A

tendon spread- via extensor aponeurosis
forms connective tissue layer on dorsum
allows toes to extend simulatainous
inportant in digital sweep

takes longest possible pathway to flex
flex at MTP JOINT FIRST
THEN IP JOINTS KEPT EXTENDED
THEN PROXIMAL O DISTAL

from interplay of extrinsic and intrinsic foot muscles

Anatomy (32 decks)

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