Nervous system Flashcards
functions of the nervous system
body control centre and communication network
sense changes and interpret changes and respond to changes
neurons
transmit electrical impulses
motor
and sensory
glial cells
provide protection and nutrients
central nervous system
brain and spinal chord
protected by the axial skelton
peripheral nervous system
cranial and spinal nerves
connect to CNS
connect to skin and glands
cranial nerves
12 nerves that emerge from brain and brainstem
supply muscles/ skin of head and neck
supply viscera of thorax and abdomin
spinal nerves
31 pairs
8-cervical
12-thoracic
5-lumbar
5-sacral-1-cocygeal
dorsal root
where sensory neurons come into spinal chord posterior
venteral root
where motot neurons come into spinal chord anterior
spinal nerve
where the motor and snesory neuron join
usually at exit of the veterbral collum
dorsal ramus
supply muscles and skin on the back
venteral ramus
supply anterior muscle and skin and limbs
branches of spinal nerves
dorsal and venteral ramus
sensory distribution of nerves
to skin- sensation= hot or cold
to joints= sensation of joints- propreoception
propreoception
bodies own awareness of own postion of joints
motor distribution
goes to muscle= turn muscle on
therefore it will develop tension
cervical plexus
C 1,2,3,4
neck and diaphragm
brachial plexus
C 5 6 7 8 T 1
upper limb
Lumbar plexus
L 1 2 3 4
supplies lower limb
lumbosacral plexus
L 4 5 S 1 2 3
lower limb
what happens when nerves join and plat
they change direction
genitofemoral nerve
sit on top of psoas major
lateral femoral cutaenous nerve
wrap around illacus and aroun ASIS
Skin and sensory
femoral nerve ROOT
L 2 3 4
FEMORAL NERVE
L 2 3 4
UNDER PSOAS MAJOR INFRONT OF ILLACUS
obturator nerve root
L 2 3 4
deep towards obturator foramen
siatic nerve root
L 4 5
S 1 2 3
large
femoral nerve sensory distribution
skin of anterior/ medial thigh/ knee and hip joint
femoral nerve motor distribution
illiacus
pectineus
satorious
quads group
saphenous sensory distribution
skin of medial thigh and base of 1st phalanges
branch of femoral nerve
obturator nerve motor distribution
pectineus
adductor brevis
adductor longus
adductor magnus anterior half
obturator externus
gracilis
obturator nerve sensory distribution
skin of medial thigh and hip joint
lateral femoral cutaenous sensory
skin of lateral thigh
genitofemoral sensory distrubution
skin of medial thigh and skin of external genitals
muscular branches
straight off pelvis and to muscle
motor distribution is illacus psoas ajor and hip joint
posteior femoral snesory distribution
skin of posterior thigh and leg to mud calf
superior gluteal nerve motor distrubution
glut medius
glut minimus
TFL
superior gluteal sensory
hip joint
inferior gluteal nerve motor distribution
glut max
inferior gluteal nerve sensory distubution
hip joint
muscular branches of lumbrosacral plexus
motor is deep external rotators
mimus
obt externals
sensory is hip joint
siatic nerve motor
hamstrings
and posterior half of adductor magnus
siatic nerve sensory
hip and knee joint
siatic nerve splits
tibial
common preoneal
deep peroneal
tibial nerve
gastrocs
soleus
plantarus
popliteus
TP
FHL
FDL
SPLITS BEHIND LATERAL MALLEOUS INTO medial and lateral plantar AND SUREAL
medial plantar
ABD hall
FDB
FHB
Skin of medial and 3 and 1/3 digits joints of foot
lateral plantar
FDMB
ADD HALL
2,3,4 lumbricals
interossei
ADDM
FA
Skin of lateral and 1 1/2 digits
sural
common peroneal and tibial region
skin of lateral and posterior leg
common peroneal
wraps around neck of fibula
knee joint and skin of anterior and posterior lateral upper leg
superfical peroneal is PL PB skin of lat leg and dorsum of foot
deep peroneal
TA
EHL
EDL
PT
EDB
under the retinacula
ankle and foot joints
skin between digits 1 and 2
sural description
between 2 gastrocs ead
lateral to achilies tendon
pass behind lateral malloulous
runs foward lateral foot
femoral tiangle
is made of satorious adductor longus and inginuial ligament
arery and nerve supply is superficial so vunerable to damage
femoral nerve description
runs in groves between illacus and psoas major
runns under inginual ligament
divides into branches after femoral trinagle
sciatic nerve description
leaves pelvis enters glut region through greater sciatic foramen
sits bellow pilliforms
down back of thigh splits at back of knee
tibial nerve description
through popliteus fossa b/w semiten and biceps fem
pass deep to gastroc
decends oblique to fdl fhl
pass behind medial mallolous and enter plantar of foot
peroneal description
pass upper popliteal fossa
pass around neck of fib
divides into superfical and deep
super- b/w edl pl over extensor ret
deep= superfical to ehl edl
nerve legions
some form of damage to a nerve
close to skin nerves are vunerable to
penertrating injury
if nerve is between skin and bone vunerable to
crushing injury
if nerve is between retinacula and bone
it is vinerable to squashing
if nerve on bone vunerable to
fracture
types of legions
paralyisis
paresis
loss of sensation
( seen distal to legion )
myotome
group of muscles supplied by one spinal nerve
dermatome
sensory teriotry supplied by a single nerve
the hip supplied
flexion- L2 L3
extension L4 L5
KNEE SUPPLID
extension L3 L4
flexion L5 S1
ankle supplied
flexion L4 L5
extension S1 S2
TOES SUPPLIED
extension L5 S1
flexion S1 S2
Dermatome L1
medial upper thigh
lateral hip
anterior hip
distial to inguinial ligament
demratome L2
lower hip
lateral hip
upper anterior thigh
medial thigh
dermatome L3
mid lateral thigh
down lower anterior thigh across midial knee joint to medial upper leg anterior
dermatome L4
lower lateral thigh to medial knee joint anterior leg
lower medial leg
medial dorsum of foot
S1 dermatome
lateral glut max
down lateral posterior thigh
lateral knee posterior
lateral leg
anterior lateral dosum of foot
