Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pharmacology > Vasoactive Peptides > Flashcards

Vasoactive Peptides Flashcards

1
Q

Vasoactive Peptides

A 
Endogenous
Angiotensin
Kinins
Endotheliuns
Vasopressin
Atrial natiuretic peptides
Substance P
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Function of Vasoactive Peptides

A

Play role in regulation of hemodynamics and its pathogensis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

MoA

A

Act on cell surface receptors
Most via G protein receptors, cause production of second messengers
Some may open ion channels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Angiotensin

A

Renin acts on agniotensinogen, releasing angiotensin I and decapeptide
Angiotensin I is cleaved to II by angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Active form of agniotensin

A

Angiotensin II

Causes vasoconstriction and other pharmacologic responses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Drugs that increase angiotensin

A

Cortiocosteroids
Estrogens
Thyroid hormones
Angiotensin II

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

ACE

A

Angiotensin converting enzyme
aka Peptidyl dipeptidase and Kininase II
Angiotensin I (decapeptide) to angiotensin II (octapeptide)
In vasculature and on luminal structur eod endothelial cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Angiotensinase

A

Group of peptidases

Hydrolyze angiotensin II and angiotensin III into smaller inactive fragments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Pharmacologic Actions of Angiotensin II

A

Short half life
Regulation of vascular tone, fluid, electrolyte balance
Excessive production results in hypertension and disorders of hemodynamics
40 times more potent than norepi
Stimulates autonomic ganglion, increases release of EPI and NE from adrenal
Stimulates aldosterone production from adrenal
Glucocorticoid biosynthesis
Mitogenic agent for vascular and cardiovascular muscle cells, contribute to cardiac hypertrophy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Inhibitors of angiotensin

A

Drugs that block:
Renin secretion and action
Conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II
Angiotensin receptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

ACE Inhibitors

A

Block AT I to II
Inhibit degredation of bradykinin, substance P, and enkephaline
Hypotensive effect
Can cause cough, angioedema, and hypotensive shock

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Angiotensin antagonists

A

Sarlasi,

Substitutes AA in AT II, AT II cannot form peptides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

ARBs

A

Angiotensin Receptor Blockers
Losartan and Valsartan
Clinical benefits of ARBs and ACEi are almost the same

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Bradykinins and kinins

A

Vasodilators
Produced by kallikreins or kininogenases
Kinins can be generated by insect bites
Bradykinin has opposite effect of angiotensin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Kinase II

A

Aka ACE

Digests Bradykinins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Kallikreins

A

Glycoprotein enzymes produced in the liver as prekallikreins
Present in:
Plasma
Kidney
Pancreas (this kallikrein can be activated by trypsin)
GI
Sweat glands
Salivary glands
In pancreatic cancer kallikreins can leak out and cause hypotension

17
Q

Fletcher Factor

A

Prekallikrein
Promotes coagulation process via intrinsic system
Activated by factor XIIa (Hageman factor)

18
Q

Kallikreins and DIC

A

Patient with consumption coagulapathy (DIC) develop hypotension due to increased kallikrein production

19
Q

Kininogen

A

Protein substrates for kallikreins
LMWK (low)
HMWK (high)
Promotion of coagulation process in intrinsic pathway
Plasma kallikrein cleaves the HMWK to create bradykinin

20
Q

Formation of kinins in Plasma and tissues

A

Bradykinin is released by plasma kallikrein

Found in plasma and urine

21
Q

Actions of Kinins

Hemodynamic Effects

A

Vasodilation in several vascular beds:
Heart, liver, kidney, intestine, skeletal muscles, liver
10x more potent than histamine
Stimulate release of NO and PGE2 and PGI1
Promotes water and solution passage from blood to ECM (CAUSING EDEMA)

22
Q

Actions of Kinins

Endo/exocrine gland

A

Kinins produced in the pancreas, kidney, glands may enter systemic circulation and cause hypotension

23
Q

Actions of Kinins

Role in Inflammation and Pain

A

Kinins promote redness, local heat, swelling, and pain
Kinins are potent algesic agents
Produced pain by nociceptive afferents in skin and viscera

24
Q

Kinin receptors

A

B1: predominant for mediation of biologic responses of kinins
B2: drugs that block bradykinin target these

25
Q

Metabolism of Kinins

A

Metabolized rbpidly by non-specific kininases

26
Q

ACE Inhibitor and ARBs

A 
ACE inhibitors inhibit the degredation of bradykinins (Kininase I breaks down brady)
Replace catopril (ACE inhibitor) with losartan (ARB)
27
Q

Icatibant

A

Second generation B2 receptor inhibitor
Undergone limited trials in pain and inflammation
Not approved here yet

28
Q

Aspirin

A

Can block algesic effects of prostaglandins generated by bradykinin

29
Q

Vasopressin

A 
ADH
Long term: controls blood pressure via kidney and water reabsorption
Short term vasoconstrictor
D-ARg
dDAVP (desmopressin)
30
Q

Desmopressin

A

Analgue of Vasopressin
Developed for patient with diabetes insipidus
Increase factor 8 in hemophilia and vonWillebrand isease
Effective in controlling bleeding

31
Q

Natriuretic Peptides

A

Atria
Causes vasorelaxation
Short half lives
BNP: improves renal excretion of Na because in dilates renal arterioles

32
Q

Natriuretic Peptides Drugs

A

Omapatrilat, sampartilat, fasidotrilat

These drugs enhance vasodilation, reduce vasoconstriction, and increase Na excretion

33
Q

Endothelins

A

Potent vasoconstrictors
Isolated from aortic endothelial cells
Present in vascular endothelium
Rapidly cleared from circulation

34
Q

Inhibiition of Endothelin

A

Selection and non-selective receptor antagonists

Bosentan (active PO or IV)

35
Q

Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide

A

Central and peripheral nerves, acts like a neuromodulator
Vasodilation
Specific receptor inhibitor are developed for research purposes only

36
Q

Substance P

A

Vasodilation by stimulating release of NO

Several inhibitors of substance P

37
Q

Neurotensin

A

Vasodilation, hypotension, vascular permeability, hyperglycemia, inhiibition of gastric motility

Pharmacology (44 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions