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Pharmacology > Diabetic Drugs > Flashcards

Diabetic Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Insulin aspart, lispro, and glulisine

A

Rapid acting insulin

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2
Q

Regular insulin

A

For meals or acute hyperglycemia, needs to be injected 30-45 minutes prior to meal

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3
Q

NPH insulin aka isophane

A

Intermediate acting

Provides basal insulin and overnight coverage

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4
Q

Insulin gargline

A

Long acting insulin

Provides basal insulin and overnight coverage

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5
Q

Insulin detmir

A

Long acting insulin

Provides basal insulin and overnight coverage

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6
Q

Metformin

A

MOA: inhibits mito complex I which inc.AMP, dec. AC, inc. AMPK -> opposes glucagon and dec. hepatic gluconeogenesis. Increases insulin sensitivity

Don’t use in liver or renal failure, don’t use in elderly

Lowers fasting glucose. Weight loss. Dec freq of MI/Death

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7
Q

Chlorpromamide

A

Sulfonylurea: inhibits b cell K+ channel resulting in inc insulin secretion

Don’t use in renal/liver/elderly

Increases hypoglycemia risk. Slower onset/long duration, lowers fasting glucose

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8
Q

Tolbutamide

A

Sulfonylurea: inhibits b cell K+ channel resulting in inc insulin secretion

Don’t use in renal/liver/elderly

Increases hypoglycemia risk. Slower onset/long duration, lowers fasting glucose

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9
Q

Glimepiride

A

Sulfonylurea: inhibits b cell K+ channel resulting in inc insulin secretion

Don’t use in renal/liver/elderly

Increases hypoglycemia risk. Slower onset/long duration, lowers fasting glucose

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10
Q

Glipizide

A

Sulfonylurea: inhibits b cell K+ channel resulting in inc insulin secretion

Don’t use in renal/liver/elderly

Increases hypoglycemia risk. Slower onset/long duration, lowers fasting glucose

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11
Q

Glyburide

A

Sulfonylurea: inhibits b cell K+ channel resulting in inc insulin secretion

Don’t use in renal/liver/elderly

Increases hypoglycemia risk. Slower onset/long duration, lowers fasting glucose

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12
Q

Repaglinide

A

Meglitindes: inhibits b cell K+ channel -> glucose dependent insulin secretion

Fast acting, short duration, decrease post-meal glucose

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13
Q

Nateglinide

A

Meglitindes: inhibits b cell K+ channel -> glucose dependent insulin secretion

Fast acting, short duration, decrease post-meal glucose

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14
Q

Pioglitazone

A

Thiazolidinedione: agonist of PPARy TF, inc. insulin sensitivity, inc. glucose utilization

Dont use in liver disease, stage 3/4 CHF, CVD

SE: weight gain (subQ), inc. HF risk, inc. bone fractures in women

Lowers fasting glucose, dec. TG

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15
Q

Rosiglitazone

A

Thiazolidinedione: agonist of PPARy TF, inc. insulin sensitivity, inc. glucose utilization

Dont use in liver disease, stage 3/4 CHF, CVD

SE: weight gain (subQ), inc. HF risk, inc. bone fractures in women

Lowers fasting glucose, dec. TG

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16
Q

Acarbose

A

a-glucosidase inhibitor: inhibts carbohydrate digestion in GI tract, dec. glucose absorption

SE: GI side effects

Dec. post-meal glucose. No risk hypoglycemia

17
Q

Miglitol

A

a-glucosidase inhibitor: inhibts carbohydrate digestion in GI tract, dec. glucose absorption

SE: GI side effects

Dec. post-meal glucose. No risk hypoglycemia

18
Q

Exenatide

A

Incretin mimetic: GLP-1 analog, potentiates glucose driven insulin release, dec. hepatic gluconeogenesis, dec. pancreatic glucagon

SE: nausea

Dec. fasting glucose and post-meal glucose. Little risk for hypoglycemia. Weight loss

19
Q

Liraglutide

A

Incretin mimetic: GLP-1 analog, potentiates glucose driven insulin release, dec. hepatic gluconeogenesis, dec. pancreatic glucagon

SE: nausea

Dec. fasting glucose and post-meal glucose. Little risk for hypoglycemia. Weight loss

20
Q

Sitagliptin

A

DDP-IV inhibitor: prevents breakdown of GLP-1

Dec. fasting glucose, dec. post-meal glucose. Little risk for hypoglycemia

21
Q

Saxagliptin

A

DDP-IV inhibitor: prevents breakdown of GLP-1

Dec. fasting glucose, dec. post-meal glucose. Little risk for hypoglycemia

22
Q

Pramlintide

A

Amylin mimetic, dec. postprandial glucagon, dec. hepatic gluconeogenesis, slows gastic emptying

SE: nausea, hypoglycemia

Given concomitantly with insulin, need to reduce insulin dose

Dec. postprandial glucose. Weight loss

23
Q

Canagliflozin

A

SGLT2 inhibitor: prevent glucose renal reabsorption, increased glucose excretion

SE: UTI, thirst/dehydration, hypotension, inc. LDL, risk of hyperK

Dec. BP, weight loss

24
Q

Dapaglifozin

A

SGLT2 inhibitor: prevent glucose renal reabsorption, increased glucose excretion

SE: UTI, thirst/dehydration, hypotension, inc. LDL, risk of hyperK

Dec. BP, weight loss

25
Q

Bromocriptine

A

DA agonist, normalizes hypothalamic DA levels and decreases sympathetic tone, dec. hepatic gluconeogenesis, dec. lipolysis/FFA, dec. lipogenesis/TG, inc. glucose tolerance, inc. insulin sensitivty

26
Q

Bile acid-binding resin (covelesalam)

A

Prevent bile acid reabsorption, allow bile acids to eneter colon which bind to TGR5 GPCR and induce GLP-1 secretion

Pharmacology (44 decks)

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