Everything Endocrine Flashcards
1
Q
Sermorelin
A
Synthetic GHRH
2
Q
Somatropin
A
Synthetic GH
SE: Leukemia, hypothyroid, insulin resistance
3
Q
Somatrem
A
Synthetic GH (more stable)
SE: Leukemia, hypothyroid, insulin resistance
4
Q
Mecasermin
A
Synthetic IGF-1
5
Q
Octreotide
A
Somatostatin analog, inhibits GH (acromegaly, pituitary adenoma, carcinoid crisis)
SE: Sinus brady, conduction disturbances, hypoglycemia, gallstones
6
Q
Lanreotide
A
Somatostatin analog, inhibits GH
7
Q
Pegvisomant
A
GH receptor antagonist
SE: increase pit adenoma, elevated AST/ALT (CX in liver failure)
8
Q
Bromocriptine
A
DA receptor agonist (anti prolactin)
SE: Orthostatic hypotension, CVA, seizure, acute MI
9
Q
Cabergoline
A
DA receptor agonist (anti prolactin)
SE: Orthostatic hypotension, CVA, seizure, acute MI
10
Q
Pergolide
A
DA receptor agonist (parkinsons)
SE: Orthostatic hypotension, CVA, seizure, acute MI
11
Q
Urofollitropin
A
Gonadotropin (ovulation induction, PCOS)
SE: ovarian hyperstimulation, gynecomastia, ovarian CA/cysts
12
Q
Follitropin
A
Gonadotropin (ovulation induction, PCOS)
SE: ovarian hyperstimulation, gynecomastia, ovarian CA/cysts
13
Q
Gonadorelin
A
GnRH short t1/2 (infertility, dx of hypogonadism)
SE: anaphylaxis, lightheadness, flushing, dermatitis)
14
Q
Goserelin
A
GnRH long t1/2 (endometriosis, fibroids, prostate CA, advanced breast and ovarian CA, PCOS)
SE: menopause symptoms
15
Q
Histrelin
A
GnRH long t1/2 (prostate CA, advanced breast and ovarian CA, PCOS)
SE: menopause symptoms
16
Q
Leuprolide
A
GnRH long t1/2 (controlled ovarian hyperstimulation, endometriosis, fibroids, prostate CA, central precocious puberty, advanced breast/ovarian CA, PCOS)
SE: menopause symptoms
17
Q
Nafarelin
A
GnRH long t1/2 (controlled ovarian hyperstimulation, endometriosis, fibroids, central precocious puberty, advanced breast/ovarian CA, PCOS)
SE: menopause symptoms
18
Q
Triptorelin
A
GnRH long t1/2 (prostate CA)
SE: menopause symptoms
19
Q
Ganirelix
A
GnRH receptor antagonist (controlled ovarian hyperstimulation)
SE: ovarian hyperstimulation (ascites, enlargement, hypovolemia), ectopic pregnancy, thrombotic disorder
CX: pregnancy, lactation, ovarian cysts, promary ovarian failure, thyroid or adrenal dysfunction, vaginal bleeding of unknown etiology
20
Q
Cetrorelix
A
GnRH receptor antagonist (controlled ovarian hyperstimulation)
SE: ovarian hyperstimulation (ascites, enlargement, hypovolemia), ectopic pregnancy, thrombotic disorder
CX: pregnancy, lactation, ovarian cysts, promary ovarian failure, thyroid or adrenal dysfunction, vaginal bleeding of unknown etiology
21
Q
Abarelix
A
GnRH receptor antagonist (controlled ovarian hyperstimulation)
SE: ovarian hyperstimulation (ascites, enlargement, hypovolemia), ectopic pregnancy, thrombotic disorder
CX: pregnancy, lactation, ovarian cysts, promary ovarian failure, thyroid or adrenal dysfunction, vaginal bleeding of unknown etiology
22
Q
Testosterone
A
Naturally occurring androgen
23
Q
DHT
A
Naturally occurring androgen
24
Q
Androstriedione
A
Naturally occurring androgen
25
DHEA
Naturally occurring androgen
26
Flutamide
Androgen receptor antagonist (metastatic prostate CA, BPH)
SE: hepatotoxicity, hematopoietic disorders
27
Spironolactone
Androgen receptor antagonist (hirsutism, HTN, acne, edema w CHF, cirrhosis, hypoK)
SE: GI hemorrhage, hyperK metabolic acidosis, agranulocytosis, SLE, gynecomastia, dyspepsia, lethary, abnormal menstruation, impotence
CX: HyperK, acute renal insufficiency
28
Finasteride
5a-reductase antagonist (BPH, androgenic alopecia)
SE: neoplasm of male breast, decreased libido, ED, breast tenderness
CX: Pregnancy
29
Estradiol
Endogenous estrogen
| E2 most estrogenic
30
Estrone
Endogenous
| E1 less estrogenic
31
Estriol
Endogenous estrogen
| E3 not very active metabolite
32
Ethinyl estradiol
Synthetic steroidal estrogen
SE: endometrial hyperplasia and carcinoma (without protection of progesterone), venous thrombosis
33
Mestranol
Synthetic steroidal estrogen
SE: endometrial hyperplasia and carcinoma (without protection of progesterone), venous thrombosis
34
Quinestrol
Synthetic steroidal estrogen
SE: endometrial hyperplasia and carcinoma (without protection of progesterone), venous thrombosis
35
DES
Synthetic non-steroidal estrogen
SE: Adenocarcinoma of vagina
36
Chlorotrianisene
Synthetic non-steroidal estrogen
SE: endometrial hyperplasia and carcinoma (without protection of progesterone), venous thrombosis
37
Methallenestril
Synthetic non-steroidal estrogen
SE: endometrial hyperplasia and carcinoma (without protection of progesterone), venous thrombosis
38
Tamoxifen
SERM
Ant. in breast
Agonist in endometrium and bone
APPROVED IN PREMENOPAUSAL
SE: malignant neoplasm of endometrium, cataracts, PE
CX: DVT, PE, pregnancy
39
Clomiphene
SERM
Ant. in hypothalamus and pituitary
Partial agonist in ovaries
SE: thromboembolism, ovarian cysts/hypertrophy
CX: pregnancy, thyroid/adrenal, liver disease, endometrial carcinoma, organic intracranial lesion
40
Raloxifine
SERM
Agonist in bone
Ant. in uterus and breast
LESS RISK OF UTERINE CA AND THROMBOEMBOLISM
SE: retinal vascular occlusion, venous thromboembolism, leg cramps
CX: pregnancy, DVT
41
Anastrozole
Aromatase inhibitor (tx of ER+ early breast cancer)
SE: **osteoporosis, hypercholesterolemia, bone pain, thrombophlebitis
42
Letrozole
Aromatase inhibitor (tx of ER+ early breast cancer)
SE: **osteoporosis, hypercholesterolemia, bone pain, thrombophlebitis
43
Exemestane
Irreversible aromatase inhibitor (tx of ER+ early breast cancer)
SE: **osteoporosis, hypercholesterolemia, bone pain, thrombophlebitis
44
Formestane
Irreversible aromatase inhibitor (tx of ER+ early breast cancer)
SE: **osteoporosis, hypercholesterolemia, bone pain, thrombophlebitis
45
Norgestrel
Progestin only contraceptive
CX: acute liver disease, liver tumors, breast CA, pregnancy
46
Norethindrone
Progestin only contraceptive
CX: acute liver disease, liver tumors, breast CA, pregnancy
47
Medroxyprogesterone
Progestin only contraceptive injectable
CX: acute liver disease, liver tumors, breast CA, pregnancy
48
Etonogestrel
Progestin only contraceptive implant
CX: acute liver disease, liver tumors, breast CA, pregnancy
49
Mifepristone
Progestin receptor antagonist (abortion)
SE: bacterial infections, headaches
CX: Chronic adrenal failure, ectopic pregnancy, hemorrhagic disorders, anticoagulation, inherited porphyrias
50
Levonorgestrel
Potent progestin that blocks LH surge (prevention of unwanted pregnancy)
51
Premarin
Conjugated equine estrogen
SE: nausea, mastalgia, headache, fluid retention
52
Estrace
Micronized estradiol
SE: nausea, mastalgia, headache, fluid retention
53
Cenestrin
Conjugated synthetic estrogens
SE: nausea, mastalgia, headache, fluid retention
54
Vivelle, estraderm, estrogel
Transdermal estrogens
SE: nausea, mastalgia, headache, fluid retention
55
Aspart
Rapid acting insulin
| Postprandial glucose
56
Lispro
Rapid acting insulin
| Postprandial glucose
57
Glulisine
Rapid acting insulin
| Postprandial glucose
58
Regular insulin
Needs to be injected 30-45 minutes prior to meal
59
NPH insulin aka isophane
Intermediate acting
| Basal insulin and overnight coverage
60
Gargline
Long acting
| Basal insulin and overnight coverage
61
Detmir
Long acting
| Basal insulin and overnight coverage
62
Metformin
Inhibits mito complex (inc. AMP, dec AC, inc. AMPK)
Opposes glucagon, dec. hepatic neogenesis
FASTING GLUCOSE
SE: LACTIC ACIDOSIS, dec. absorption of B12, weight loss, improved lipid profile, no hypoglycemia
CX: Renal failure, MI, CHF, elderly
63
Chlorpropamide
Sulfonylurea
FASTING GLUCOSE
SE: Inc. hypoglycemia risk, weight gain
CX: Pregnancy, renal/liver disease
64
Tolbutamide
Sulfonylurea
FASTING GLUCOSE
SE: Inc. hypoglycemia risk, weight gain
CX: Pregnancy, renal/liver disease
65
Glimepiride
Sulfonylurea
FASTING GLUCOSE
SE: Inc. hypoglycemia risk, weight gain
CX: Pregnancy, renal/liver disease
66
Glipizide
Sulfonylurea
FASTING GLUCOSE
SE: Inc. hypoglycemia risk, weight gain
CX: Pregnancy, renal/liver disease
67
Glyburide
Sulfonylurea
FASTING GLUCOSE
SE: Inc. hypoglycemia risk, weight gain
CX: Pregnancy, renal/liver disease
68
Repaglinide
Meglitinides
Glucose dependent insulin secretion
POSTPRANDIAL GLUCOSE
SE: hypoglycemia, weight gain
CX: pregnancy, liver disease
69
Nateglinide
Meglitinides
Glucose dependent insulin secretion
POSTPRANDIAL GLUCOSE
SE: hypoglycemia, weight gain
CX: pregnancy, liver disease
70
Pioglitazone
Thiazolidinedione (agonist of PPARy, inc. insulin sensitivity, inc. glucose utilization, dec. insulin resistance)
FASTING GLUCOSE
SE: SubQ weight gain, HF RISK, BONE fx in women, (?) bladder CA
CX: Liver disease, STAGE 3/4 CHF, CVD, pregnancy
71
Rosiglitazone
Thiazolidinedione (agonist of PPARy, inc. insulin sensitivity, inc. glucose utilization, dec. insulin resistance)
FASTING GLUCOSE
SE: SubQ weight gain, HF RISK, BONE fx in women, (?) bladder CA
CX: Liver disease, STAGE 3/4 CHF, CVD, pregnancy
72
Acarbose
a-glucosidase inhibitor (inhibits carbohydrates digestion)
POSTPRANDIAL GLUCOSE
SE: GI
CX: Intestinal disease, inflammatory bowel, colonic ulceration
73
Miglitol
a-glucosidase inhibitor (inhibits carbohydrates digestion)
POSTPRANDIAL GLUCOSE
SE: GI
CX: Intestinal disease, inflammatory bowel, colonic ulceration
74
Exenatide
```
Incretin mimetic (GLP-1 analog, potentiates insulin)
FASTING AND POSTPRANDIAL GLUCOSE
```
SE: nausea, requires IV, weight loss
No hypoglycemia
75
Liraglutide
```
Incretin mimetic (GLP-1 analog, potentiates insulin)
FASTING AND POSTPRANDIAL GLUCOSE
```
SE: nausea, requires IV, weight loss
No hypoglycemia
76
Sitagliptin
DDP-IV inhibitor (inhibits GLP-1 breakdown)
FASTING AND POSTPRANDIAL GLUCOSE
Little risk for hypoglycemia
77
Saxagliptin
DDP-IV inhibitor (inhibits GLP-1 breakdown)
FASTING AND POSTPRANDIAL GLUCOSE
Little risk for hypoglycemia
78
Pramlintide
Amylin mimetic, dec. postprandial glucagon, dec. hepatic gluconeogenesis
POSTPRANDIAL GLUCOSE
SE: requires injections, nausea, hypoglycemia (reduce insulin), weight loss
79
Canagliflozin
SGLT2 Inhibitor (renal glucose excretion)
SE: UTI, dehydration, hypotension, inc. LDL, hyperK, weight loss
CX: Renal impairment
80
Dapaglifozin
SGLT2 Inhibitor (renal glucose excretion)
SE: UTI, dehydration, hypotension, inc. LDL, hyperK, weight loss
CX: Renal impairment
81
Covelesalam
Bile acid binding resin (bile acid bin TGR5 GPCR and induce GLP-1 secretion)
82
Levothyroxine
T4 pro-hormone converted to T3 in vivo
SE: Hyperthyroidism, a. fib, bone loss in premenopausal women
83
Tetraiodothyronine
T4 pro-hormone converted to T3 in vivo
SE: Hyperthyroidism, a. fib, bone loss in premenopausal women
84
Liothyronin
T3 active hormone agonist of VDR TF (for use when rapid hypothyroid correction is needed)
SE: Thyrotoxicosis
85
Tiiodothyronine
T3 active hormone agonist of VDR TF (for use when rapid hypothyroid correction is needed)
SE: Thyrotoxicosis
86
Propanolol
B-blocker (tx adrenergic symptoms of hyperthyroidism)
Also inhibits peripheral conversion of T4 to T3
SE: HF, airway resistance, PAD
CX: Asthma, COPD, HF (alternative diltiazem aka Ca blocker, metropolol/atenolol aka cardiac-selective B-blocker)
87
Esmolol
B-blocker (tx adrenergic symptoms of hyperthyroidism)
SE: HF, airway resistance, PAD
CX: Asthma, COPD, HF (alternative diltiazem aka Ca blocker, metropolol/atenolol aka cardiac-selective B-blocker)
88
Propylthiouracil
aka PTU, thionamides/thiourylenes, inhibit PTO
Partially inhibits peripheral conversion of T4 to T3
SE: Skin rash, joint pain, hepatotoxicity, ANCA-positive vasculitis, agranulocytosis
89
Methimazole
aka MMI, thionamides/thiourylenes, inhibit PTO
SE: Skin rash, joint pain, hepatotoxicity, agranlocytosis, teratogenicity
90
Iodide
Acutely inhibits TSH (Wolff-Chaikoff effect)
| Indicated in thyroid storm, preoptive prep, post nuclear accidents
91
Radioactive iodide
Emission of beta particles cause necrosis of follicular cells
SE: radiation thyroiditis, exacerbation of Grave's ophthalmopathy
CX: pregnancy, breast feeding, severe ophthalmopathy
92
Cholestyramine
Bile acid sequestrant
| Prevents reabsorption of thyroid hormone in thyroid storm
93
Calcitriol
Vitamin D
SE: HyperCa
Do no give with hyperphosphatemia d/t risk of malignant calcification
94
Doxercalciferol
Vitamin D
SE: HyperCa
Do no give with hyperphosphatemia d/t risk of malignant calcification
95
Ergocholecalciferol
Vitamin D
SE: HyperCa
Do no give with hyperphosphatemia d/t risk of malignant calcification
96
Cholecalciferol
Vitamin D
SE: HyperCa
Do no give with hyperphosphatemia d/t risk of malignant calcification
97
Alendronate
Bisphosphonate
Inhibits farensyl pyrophosphate synthase (dec. osteoclast activity)
SE: Esophageal irritation, occular side effects, osteonecrosis of the jaw, renal impairment
CX: esophageal disease, CKD
98
Pamidronate
Bisphosphonate
Inhibits farensyl pyrophosphate synthase (dec. osteoclast activity)
SE: Esophageal irritation, occular side effects, osteonecrosis of the jaw, renal impairment
CX: esophageal disease, CKD
99
Risendronate
Bisphosphonate
Inhibits farensyl pyrophosphate synthase (dec. osteoclast activity)
SE: Esophageal irritation, occular side effects, osteonecrosis of the jaw, renal impairment
CX: esophageal disease, CKD
100
Zoledronate
Bisphosphonate
Inhibits farensyl pyrophosphate synthase (dec. osteoclast activity)
SE: Esophageal irritation, occular side effects, osteonecrosis of the jaw, renal impairment
CX: esophageal disease, CKD
101
Denosumab
Anti-RANKL mAB, dec. osteoclast bone resorption
SE: HypoCa, osteonecrosis of the jaw
CX: hypoCa
102
Teriparitide
PTH receptor antagonist, stimulates osteoblasts and promotes bone growth
SE: transient hyperCa, hyperuricemia, osteosarcoma
CX: hx gout, osteosarcoma risk, radiation therapy of bone, inc. ALP, paget's disease, childrne/adolescents
103
Raloxifene
SERM, ER agonist in bone (dec. genes involved in osteoclast activation)
SE: venous thromboembolism
104
Calcitonin
Calcitonin receptor agonist, opposes PTH
SE: nausea, hand swelling, inc. rates of Ca
105
Cincacalcet
Calcimemetic, allosterically enhances affinity of CaSR for Ca2+
SE: HypoCa, seizure risk
CX: Serum Ca2
106
Tx HyperCa
Volume repletion with saline
Calcitonin
Bisphosphonates
107
Tx HypoCa
Vitamin D and Ca supplementation
108
Tx Rickets and Osteomalacia
Vitamin D supplementation
109
Tx Primary Hyperparathyroidism
Surgery
Cincacalcet
Bisphosphonates
110
Tx CKD/Hyperphosphatemia/Secondary Hyperparathyroidism
Phosphate binders - Sevelamer
Cinacalcet
Calcitriol
111
Tx Osteoporosis
```
Calcium/Vitamin D supplementaiton
bisphosphonates
Denosumabd
Raloxifene
Calcitonin
Teriparitide
```
112
Tx Paget's Disease
Bisphosphonates
| Calcitonin
113
Hydrocortisone
Short acting replacement
114
Cortisone
Short acting replacement
115
Fludrocortisone
Intermediate acting replacement
| Mineralcorticoid!
116
Prednisone
Intermediate acting replacement
117
Prednisolone
Intermediate acting replacement
118
Trimacinolone
Intermediate acting replacement
119
Dexamethasone
Long acting replacement
| Respiratory distress syndrome!
120
Beclamethasone
Long acting replacement
121
Ketaconazole
Tx of Cushing's
Dec. cortisol synthesis by inhibiting CYP11A1/CYP11B1
SE: hepatotoxicity, gynecomastia, impotence, teratogenic, renal insufficiency
122
Etomidate
Tx of Cushing's
IV only dec. cortisol synthesis by CYP11A1/CYP11B1
SE: Renal insufficiency
123
Metyrapone
Tx of Cushing's
Dec. cortisol synthesis by CYP11B1/CYP11B2
SE: Renal insufficiency
SAFE IN PREGNANCY
124
Mitotane
Tx of Cushing's
Dec. cortisol synthesis by ablation of adrenocorticol cells
SE: rash, ataxia, GI, renal insufficiency
125
Mifepristone
Tx of Cushing's
PR and glucocorticoid receptor antagonist (higher doses)
SE: abortifacient, renal insufficiency
