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Everything Endocrine Flashcards

1
Q

Sermorelin

A

Synthetic GHRH

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2
Q

Somatropin

A

Synthetic GH

SE: Leukemia, hypothyroid, insulin resistance

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3
Q

Somatrem

A

Synthetic GH (more stable)

SE: Leukemia, hypothyroid, insulin resistance

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4
Q

Mecasermin

A

Synthetic IGF-1

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5
Q

Octreotide

A

Somatostatin analog, inhibits GH (acromegaly, pituitary adenoma, carcinoid crisis)

SE: Sinus brady, conduction disturbances, hypoglycemia, gallstones

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6
Q

Lanreotide

A

Somatostatin analog, inhibits GH

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7
Q

Pegvisomant

A

GH receptor antagonist

SE: increase pit adenoma, elevated AST/ALT (CX in liver failure)

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8
Q

Bromocriptine

A

DA receptor agonist (anti prolactin)

SE: Orthostatic hypotension, CVA, seizure, acute MI

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9
Q

Cabergoline

A

DA receptor agonist (anti prolactin)

SE: Orthostatic hypotension, CVA, seizure, acute MI

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10
Q

Pergolide

A

DA receptor agonist (parkinsons)

SE: Orthostatic hypotension, CVA, seizure, acute MI

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11
Q

Urofollitropin

A

Gonadotropin (ovulation induction, PCOS)

SE: ovarian hyperstimulation, gynecomastia, ovarian CA/cysts

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12
Q

Follitropin

A

Gonadotropin (ovulation induction, PCOS)

SE: ovarian hyperstimulation, gynecomastia, ovarian CA/cysts

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13
Q

Gonadorelin

A

GnRH short t1/2 (infertility, dx of hypogonadism)

SE: anaphylaxis, lightheadness, flushing, dermatitis)

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14
Q

Goserelin

A

GnRH long t1/2 (endometriosis, fibroids, prostate CA, advanced breast and ovarian CA, PCOS)

SE: menopause symptoms

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15
Q

Histrelin

A

GnRH long t1/2 (prostate CA, advanced breast and ovarian CA, PCOS)

SE: menopause symptoms

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16
Q

Leuprolide

A

GnRH long t1/2 (controlled ovarian hyperstimulation, endometriosis, fibroids, prostate CA, central precocious puberty, advanced breast/ovarian CA, PCOS)

SE: menopause symptoms

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17
Q

Nafarelin

A

GnRH long t1/2 (controlled ovarian hyperstimulation, endometriosis, fibroids, central precocious puberty, advanced breast/ovarian CA, PCOS)

SE: menopause symptoms

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18
Q

Triptorelin

A

GnRH long t1/2 (prostate CA)

SE: menopause symptoms

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19
Q

Ganirelix

A

GnRH receptor antagonist (controlled ovarian hyperstimulation)

SE: ovarian hyperstimulation (ascites, enlargement, hypovolemia), ectopic pregnancy, thrombotic disorder

CX: pregnancy, lactation, ovarian cysts, promary ovarian failure, thyroid or adrenal dysfunction, vaginal bleeding of unknown etiology

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20
Q

Cetrorelix

A

GnRH receptor antagonist (controlled ovarian hyperstimulation)

SE: ovarian hyperstimulation (ascites, enlargement, hypovolemia), ectopic pregnancy, thrombotic disorder

CX: pregnancy, lactation, ovarian cysts, promary ovarian failure, thyroid or adrenal dysfunction, vaginal bleeding of unknown etiology

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21
Q

Abarelix

A

GnRH receptor antagonist (controlled ovarian hyperstimulation)

SE: ovarian hyperstimulation (ascites, enlargement, hypovolemia), ectopic pregnancy, thrombotic disorder

CX: pregnancy, lactation, ovarian cysts, promary ovarian failure, thyroid or adrenal dysfunction, vaginal bleeding of unknown etiology

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22
Q

Testosterone

A

Naturally occurring androgen

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23
Q

DHT

A

Naturally occurring androgen

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24
Q

Androstriedione

A

Naturally occurring androgen

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25
Q

DHEA

A

Naturally occurring androgen

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26
Q

Flutamide

A

Androgen receptor antagonist (metastatic prostate CA, BPH)

SE: hepatotoxicity, hematopoietic disorders

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27
Q

Spironolactone

A

Androgen receptor antagonist (hirsutism, HTN, acne, edema w CHF, cirrhosis, hypoK)

SE: GI hemorrhage, hyperK metabolic acidosis, agranulocytosis, SLE, gynecomastia, dyspepsia, lethary, abnormal menstruation, impotence

CX: HyperK, acute renal insufficiency

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28
Q

Finasteride

A

5a-reductase antagonist (BPH, androgenic alopecia)

SE: neoplasm of male breast, decreased libido, ED, breast tenderness

CX: Pregnancy

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29
Q

Estradiol

A

Endogenous estrogen

E2 most estrogenic

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30
Q

Estrone

A

Endogenous

E1 less estrogenic

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31
Q

Estriol

A

Endogenous estrogen

E3 not very active metabolite

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32
Q

Ethinyl estradiol

A

Synthetic steroidal estrogen

SE: endometrial hyperplasia and carcinoma (without protection of progesterone), venous thrombosis

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33
Q

Mestranol

A

Synthetic steroidal estrogen

SE: endometrial hyperplasia and carcinoma (without protection of progesterone), venous thrombosis

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34
Q

Quinestrol

A

Synthetic steroidal estrogen

SE: endometrial hyperplasia and carcinoma (without protection of progesterone), venous thrombosis

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35
Q

DES

A

Synthetic non-steroidal estrogen

SE: Adenocarcinoma of vagina

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36
Q

Chlorotrianisene

A

Synthetic non-steroidal estrogen

SE: endometrial hyperplasia and carcinoma (without protection of progesterone), venous thrombosis

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37
Q

Methallenestril

A

Synthetic non-steroidal estrogen

SE: endometrial hyperplasia and carcinoma (without protection of progesterone), venous thrombosis

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38
Q

Tamoxifen

A

SERM
Ant. in breast
Agonist in endometrium and bone
APPROVED IN PREMENOPAUSAL

SE: malignant neoplasm of endometrium, cataracts, PE
CX: DVT, PE, pregnancy

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39
Q

Clomiphene

A

SERM
Ant. in hypothalamus and pituitary
Partial agonist in ovaries

SE: thromboembolism, ovarian cysts/hypertrophy
CX: pregnancy, thyroid/adrenal, liver disease, endometrial carcinoma, organic intracranial lesion

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40
Q

Raloxifine

A

SERM
Agonist in bone
Ant. in uterus and breast
LESS RISK OF UTERINE CA AND THROMBOEMBOLISM

SE: retinal vascular occlusion, venous thromboembolism, leg cramps
CX: pregnancy, DVT

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41
Q

Anastrozole

A

Aromatase inhibitor (tx of ER+ early breast cancer)

SE: **osteoporosis, hypercholesterolemia, bone pain, thrombophlebitis

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42
Q

Letrozole

A

Aromatase inhibitor (tx of ER+ early breast cancer)

SE: **osteoporosis, hypercholesterolemia, bone pain, thrombophlebitis

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43
Q

Exemestane

A

Irreversible aromatase inhibitor (tx of ER+ early breast cancer)

SE: **osteoporosis, hypercholesterolemia, bone pain, thrombophlebitis

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44
Q

Formestane

A

Irreversible aromatase inhibitor (tx of ER+ early breast cancer)

SE: **osteoporosis, hypercholesterolemia, bone pain, thrombophlebitis

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45
Q

Norgestrel

A

Progestin only contraceptive

CX: acute liver disease, liver tumors, breast CA, pregnancy

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46
Q

Norethindrone

A

Progestin only contraceptive

CX: acute liver disease, liver tumors, breast CA, pregnancy

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47
Q

Medroxyprogesterone

A

Progestin only contraceptive injectable

CX: acute liver disease, liver tumors, breast CA, pregnancy

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48
Q

Etonogestrel

A

Progestin only contraceptive implant

CX: acute liver disease, liver tumors, breast CA, pregnancy

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49
Q

Mifepristone

A

Progestin receptor antagonist (abortion)

SE: bacterial infections, headaches
CX: Chronic adrenal failure, ectopic pregnancy, hemorrhagic disorders, anticoagulation, inherited porphyrias

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50
Q

Levonorgestrel

A

Potent progestin that blocks LH surge (prevention of unwanted pregnancy)

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51
Q

Premarin

A

Conjugated equine estrogen

SE: nausea, mastalgia, headache, fluid retention

52
Q

Estrace

A

Micronized estradiol

SE: nausea, mastalgia, headache, fluid retention

53
Q

Cenestrin

A

Conjugated synthetic estrogens

SE: nausea, mastalgia, headache, fluid retention

54
Q

Vivelle, estraderm, estrogel

A

Transdermal estrogens

SE: nausea, mastalgia, headache, fluid retention

55
Q

Aspart

A

Rapid acting insulin

Postprandial glucose

56
Q

Lispro

A

Rapid acting insulin

Postprandial glucose

57
Q

Glulisine

A

Rapid acting insulin

Postprandial glucose

58
Q

Regular insulin

A

Needs to be injected 30-45 minutes prior to meal

59
Q

NPH insulin aka isophane

A

Intermediate acting

Basal insulin and overnight coverage

60
Q

Gargline

A

Long acting

Basal insulin and overnight coverage

61
Q

Detmir

A

Long acting

Basal insulin and overnight coverage

62
Q

Metformin

A

Inhibits mito complex (inc. AMP, dec AC, inc. AMPK)
Opposes glucagon, dec. hepatic neogenesis
FASTING GLUCOSE

SE: LACTIC ACIDOSIS, dec. absorption of B12, weight loss, improved lipid profile, no hypoglycemia
CX: Renal failure, MI, CHF, elderly

63
Q

Chlorpropamide

A

Sulfonylurea
FASTING GLUCOSE

SE: Inc. hypoglycemia risk, weight gain
CX: Pregnancy, renal/liver disease

64
Q

Tolbutamide

A

Sulfonylurea
FASTING GLUCOSE

SE: Inc. hypoglycemia risk, weight gain
CX: Pregnancy, renal/liver disease

65
Q

Glimepiride

A

Sulfonylurea
FASTING GLUCOSE

SE: Inc. hypoglycemia risk, weight gain
CX: Pregnancy, renal/liver disease

66
Q

Glipizide

A

Sulfonylurea
FASTING GLUCOSE

SE: Inc. hypoglycemia risk, weight gain
CX: Pregnancy, renal/liver disease

67
Q

Glyburide

A

Sulfonylurea
FASTING GLUCOSE

SE: Inc. hypoglycemia risk, weight gain
CX: Pregnancy, renal/liver disease

68
Q

Repaglinide

A

Meglitinides
Glucose dependent insulin secretion
POSTPRANDIAL GLUCOSE

SE: hypoglycemia, weight gain
CX: pregnancy, liver disease

69
Q

Nateglinide

A

Meglitinides
Glucose dependent insulin secretion
POSTPRANDIAL GLUCOSE

SE: hypoglycemia, weight gain
CX: pregnancy, liver disease

70
Q

Pioglitazone

A

Thiazolidinedione (agonist of PPARy, inc. insulin sensitivity, inc. glucose utilization, dec. insulin resistance)
FASTING GLUCOSE

SE: SubQ weight gain, HF RISK, BONE fx in women, (?) bladder CA
CX: Liver disease, STAGE 3/4 CHF, CVD, pregnancy

71
Q

Rosiglitazone

A

Thiazolidinedione (agonist of PPARy, inc. insulin sensitivity, inc. glucose utilization, dec. insulin resistance)
FASTING GLUCOSE

SE: SubQ weight gain, HF RISK, BONE fx in women, (?) bladder CA
CX: Liver disease, STAGE 3/4 CHF, CVD, pregnancy

72
Q

Acarbose

A

a-glucosidase inhibitor (inhibits carbohydrates digestion)
POSTPRANDIAL GLUCOSE

SE: GI
CX: Intestinal disease, inflammatory bowel, colonic ulceration

73
Q

Miglitol

A

a-glucosidase inhibitor (inhibits carbohydrates digestion)
POSTPRANDIAL GLUCOSE

SE: GI
CX: Intestinal disease, inflammatory bowel, colonic ulceration

74
Q

Exenatide

A 
Incretin mimetic (GLP-1 analog, potentiates insulin)
FASTING AND POSTPRANDIAL GLUCOSE

SE: nausea, requires IV, weight loss
No hypoglycemia

75
Q

Liraglutide

A 
Incretin mimetic (GLP-1 analog, potentiates insulin)
FASTING AND POSTPRANDIAL GLUCOSE

SE: nausea, requires IV, weight loss
No hypoglycemia

76
Q

Sitagliptin

A

DDP-IV inhibitor (inhibits GLP-1 breakdown)
FASTING AND POSTPRANDIAL GLUCOSE

Little risk for hypoglycemia

77
Q

Saxagliptin

A

DDP-IV inhibitor (inhibits GLP-1 breakdown)
FASTING AND POSTPRANDIAL GLUCOSE

Little risk for hypoglycemia

78
Q

Pramlintide

A

Amylin mimetic, dec. postprandial glucagon, dec. hepatic gluconeogenesis
POSTPRANDIAL GLUCOSE

SE: requires injections, nausea, hypoglycemia (reduce insulin), weight loss

79
Q

Canagliflozin

A

SGLT2 Inhibitor (renal glucose excretion)

SE: UTI, dehydration, hypotension, inc. LDL, hyperK, weight loss
CX: Renal impairment

80
Q

Dapaglifozin

A

SGLT2 Inhibitor (renal glucose excretion)

SE: UTI, dehydration, hypotension, inc. LDL, hyperK, weight loss
CX: Renal impairment

81
Q

Covelesalam

A

Bile acid binding resin (bile acid bin TGR5 GPCR and induce GLP-1 secretion)

82
Q

Levothyroxine

A

T4 pro-hormone converted to T3 in vivo

SE: Hyperthyroidism, a. fib, bone loss in premenopausal women

83
Q

Tetraiodothyronine

A

T4 pro-hormone converted to T3 in vivo

SE: Hyperthyroidism, a. fib, bone loss in premenopausal women

84
Q

Liothyronin

A

T3 active hormone agonist of VDR TF (for use when rapid hypothyroid correction is needed)

SE: Thyrotoxicosis

85
Q

Tiiodothyronine

A

T3 active hormone agonist of VDR TF (for use when rapid hypothyroid correction is needed)

SE: Thyrotoxicosis

86
Q

Propanolol

A

B-blocker (tx adrenergic symptoms of hyperthyroidism)
Also inhibits peripheral conversion of T4 to T3

SE: HF, airway resistance, PAD
CX: Asthma, COPD, HF (alternative diltiazem aka Ca blocker, metropolol/atenolol aka cardiac-selective B-blocker)

87
Q

Esmolol

A

B-blocker (tx adrenergic symptoms of hyperthyroidism)

SE: HF, airway resistance, PAD
CX: Asthma, COPD, HF (alternative diltiazem aka Ca blocker, metropolol/atenolol aka cardiac-selective B-blocker)

88
Q

Propylthiouracil

A

aka PTU, thionamides/thiourylenes, inhibit PTO
Partially inhibits peripheral conversion of T4 to T3

SE: Skin rash, joint pain, hepatotoxicity, ANCA-positive vasculitis, agranulocytosis

89
Q

Methimazole

A

aka MMI, thionamides/thiourylenes, inhibit PTO

SE: Skin rash, joint pain, hepatotoxicity, agranlocytosis, teratogenicity

90
Q

Iodide

A

Acutely inhibits TSH (Wolff-Chaikoff effect)

Indicated in thyroid storm, preoptive prep, post nuclear accidents

91
Q

Radioactive iodide

A

Emission of beta particles cause necrosis of follicular cells

SE: radiation thyroiditis, exacerbation of Grave’s ophthalmopathy
CX: pregnancy, breast feeding, severe ophthalmopathy

92
Q

Cholestyramine

A

Bile acid sequestrant

Prevents reabsorption of thyroid hormone in thyroid storm

93
Q

Calcitriol

A

Vitamin D

SE: HyperCa
Do no give with hyperphosphatemia d/t risk of malignant calcification

94
Q

Doxercalciferol

A

Vitamin D

SE: HyperCa
Do no give with hyperphosphatemia d/t risk of malignant calcification

95
Q

Ergocholecalciferol

A

Vitamin D

SE: HyperCa
Do no give with hyperphosphatemia d/t risk of malignant calcification

96
Q

Cholecalciferol

A

Vitamin D

SE: HyperCa
Do no give with hyperphosphatemia d/t risk of malignant calcification

97
Q

Alendronate

A

Bisphosphonate
Inhibits farensyl pyrophosphate synthase (dec. osteoclast activity)

SE: Esophageal irritation, occular side effects, osteonecrosis of the jaw, renal impairment
CX: esophageal disease, CKD

98
Q

Pamidronate

A

Bisphosphonate
Inhibits farensyl pyrophosphate synthase (dec. osteoclast activity)

SE: Esophageal irritation, occular side effects, osteonecrosis of the jaw, renal impairment
CX: esophageal disease, CKD

99
Q

Risendronate

A

Bisphosphonate
Inhibits farensyl pyrophosphate synthase (dec. osteoclast activity)

SE: Esophageal irritation, occular side effects, osteonecrosis of the jaw, renal impairment
CX: esophageal disease, CKD

100
Q

Zoledronate

A

Bisphosphonate
Inhibits farensyl pyrophosphate synthase (dec. osteoclast activity)

SE: Esophageal irritation, occular side effects, osteonecrosis of the jaw, renal impairment
CX: esophageal disease, CKD

101
Q

Denosumab

A

Anti-RANKL mAB, dec. osteoclast bone resorption

SE: HypoCa, osteonecrosis of the jaw
CX: hypoCa

102
Q

Teriparitide

A

PTH receptor antagonist, stimulates osteoblasts and promotes bone growth

SE: transient hyperCa, hyperuricemia, osteosarcoma
CX: hx gout, osteosarcoma risk, radiation therapy of bone, inc. ALP, paget’s disease, childrne/adolescents

103
Q

Raloxifene

A

SERM, ER agonist in bone (dec. genes involved in osteoclast activation)

SE: venous thromboembolism

104
Q

Calcitonin

A

Calcitonin receptor agonist, opposes PTH

SE: nausea, hand swelling, inc. rates of Ca

105
Q

Cincacalcet

A

Calcimemetic, allosterically enhances affinity of CaSR for Ca2+

SE: HypoCa, seizure risk
CX: Serum Ca2

106
Q

Tx HyperCa

A

Volume repletion with saline
Calcitonin
Bisphosphonates

107
Q

Tx HypoCa

A

Vitamin D and Ca supplementation

108
Q

Tx Rickets and Osteomalacia

A

Vitamin D supplementation

109
Q

Tx Primary Hyperparathyroidism

A

Surgery
Cincacalcet
Bisphosphonates

110
Q

Tx CKD/Hyperphosphatemia/Secondary Hyperparathyroidism

A

Phosphate binders - Sevelamer
Cinacalcet
Calcitriol

111
Q

Tx Osteoporosis

A 
Calcium/Vitamin D supplementaiton
bisphosphonates
Denosumabd
Raloxifene
Calcitonin
Teriparitide
112
Q

Tx Paget’s Disease

A

Bisphosphonates

Calcitonin

113
Q

Hydrocortisone

A

Short acting replacement

114
Q

Cortisone

A

Short acting replacement

115
Q

Fludrocortisone

A

Intermediate acting replacement

Mineralcorticoid!

116
Q

Prednisone

A

Intermediate acting replacement

117
Q

Prednisolone

A

Intermediate acting replacement

118
Q

Trimacinolone

A

Intermediate acting replacement

119
Q

Dexamethasone

A

Long acting replacement

Respiratory distress syndrome!

120
Q

Beclamethasone

A

Long acting replacement

121
Q

Ketaconazole

A

Tx of Cushing’s
Dec. cortisol synthesis by inhibiting CYP11A1/CYP11B1

SE: hepatotoxicity, gynecomastia, impotence, teratogenic, renal insufficiency

122
Q

Etomidate

A

Tx of Cushing’s
IV only dec. cortisol synthesis by CYP11A1/CYP11B1

SE: Renal insufficiency

123
Q

Metyrapone

A

Tx of Cushing’s
Dec. cortisol synthesis by CYP11B1/CYP11B2

SE: Renal insufficiency
SAFE IN PREGNANCY

124
Q

Mitotane

A

Tx of Cushing’s
Dec. cortisol synthesis by ablation of adrenocorticol cells

SE: rash, ataxia, GI, renal insufficiency

125
Q

Mifepristone

A

Tx of Cushing’s
PR and glucocorticoid receptor antagonist (higher doses)

SE: abortifacient, renal insufficiency

Pharmacology (44 decks)

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